{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:18:04Z","timestamp":1787239084907,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0024892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0024892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET-2055734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET-2055734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Highly active and durable electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remain a central challenge for proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). Here, we demonstrate that incorporating vanadium into Ir\u2013Ru alloys changes the catalytic mechanism, resulting in increased OER performance. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies indicate the Ir27Ru20V53 electrocatalyst exhibits pronounced lattice compression and shortened metal\u2013metal bonds, which are associated with changes in d\u2013d orbital interactions and the adsorption energetics of oxygen intermediates. Convergent evidence from the kinetic isotope effect (KIE) and kinetic probe studies using both methanol and tetramethylammonium suggests that the Ir27Ru20V53 electrocatalyst follows predominantly a direct O\u2013O coupling pathway, rather than the conventional lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM) or adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) under which Ir\u2013Ru catalysts operate. Operando attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) captures O\u2013O intermediates, further supporting a direct O\u2013O coupling pathway during the OER process catalyzed by the Ir27Ru20V53 electrocatalyst. The Ir27Ru20V53 electrocatalyst achieves a low overpotential of 213 mV at 10 mA cm\u20132 and a durability with a degradation rate of only 70 \u03bcV h\u20131 at a current density of 100 mA cm\u20132, determined in a PEMWE over 570 h. This work provides a design strategy for making high-performance low-Ir OER catalysts through the control of reaction mechanisms using early transition metals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c04580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T18:55:52Z","timestamp":1780685752000},"page":"24125-24137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Vanadium-Induced Lattice\nCompression and Electronic\nModulation in Iridium\u2013Ruthenium Electrocatalysts Boost Acidic\nOxygen Evolution Reaction"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Anran","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , 600 S. Mathews Avenue , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzhe","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , 600 S. Mathews Avenue , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Ru","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , 600 S. Mathews Avenue , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , 600 S. Mathews Avenue , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Hazen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]},{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1171-1455","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristin","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4346-4668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joaqui\u0301n","family":"Rodri\u0301guez-Lo\u0301pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]},{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3459-4516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , 600 S. Mathews Avenue , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]},{"name":"University of Illinois Urbana\u2212Champaign , , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026073023161370400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-024-01266-6","article-title":"Earth-abundant electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution","volume":"7","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026073023161370400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10964","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00211","article-title":"Gas evolution\nin water electrolysis","volume":"124","author":"Kempler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. 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