{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T10:18:37Z","timestamp":1787653117710,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Oriental Talents Program","award":["QNKJ2024051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNKJ2024051"]}]},{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDB1640000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB1640000"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025YFA1511100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025YFA1511100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants, but they also represent a fluorine-rich reservoir, making fluoride recovery from PFAS an attractive and sustainable approach to fluorine reuse. However, methods that enable scalable and high-fluoride recovery from PFAS remain scarce. Here, we report an Et3N-enabled electrochemical strategy for PFAS degradation and fluoride recovery under mild conditions. The introduction of Et3N plays a central role in the system, enabling nearly complete defluorination with high fluoride recovery. In addition, Et3N significantly reduces the sensitivity of the reaction to air and moisture, allowing for simple operation, and it can be readily scaled to the 100 g level. The recovered fluoride can be isolated as LiF, NaF, and KF, and reused in downstream fluorination reactions. These findings establish a practical and scalable electrochemical platform for converting PFAS into synthetically useful fluorine reagents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c06873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:38:23Z","timestamp":1785854303000},"page":"33243-33250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Et3N-Enabled Electrochemical PFAS\nDefluorination for Scalable Fluoride Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Junwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6787-2288","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benxiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200032"]},{"name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Ganzhou, China, 341000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026081210095270300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1039\/D0EM00291G","article-title":"An Overview of the Uses of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)","volume":"22","author":"Glu\u0308ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. 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Toxicol.\nChem."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081210095270300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10633","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c00830","article-title":"Contribution of Organofluorine Compounds\nto Pharmaceuticals","volume":"5","author":"Inoue","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081210095270300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101467","article-title":"Current Contributions\nof Organofluorine Compounds to the Agrochemical Industry","volume":"23","author":"Ogawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081210095270300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC02166E","article-title":"Organofluorine Chemistry: Applications,\nSources and\nSustainability","volume":"17","author":"Harsanyi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081210095270300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4208","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00763K","article-title":"Recycling and the End\nof Life Assessment of Fluoropolymers: Recent\nDevelopments, Challenges and Future Trends","volume":"52","author":"Ame\u0301duri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081210095270300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-025-00780-w","article-title":"Synthetic Methodologies\nfor the Chemical Recycling\nof Fluorocarbons","volume":"10","author":"Farley","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081210095270300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00114","article-title":"Thermal Stability and\nDecomposition of Perfluoroalkyl Substances on Spent Granular Activated\nCarbon","volume":"7","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081210095270300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c06906","article-title":"Hydrothermal\nAlkaline Treatment for Destruction of\nPer- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam","volume":"55","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081210095270300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4261","DOI":"10.1021\/jp801081y","article-title":"Kinetics\nand Mechanism of the Sonolytic Conversion of the Aqueous Perfluorinated\nSurfactants, Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate\n(PFOS) into Inorganic Products","volume":"112","author":"Vecitis","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem.\nA"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081210095270300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1021\/es040342v","article-title":"Sonochemical Decomposition of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Perfluorooctanoic\nAcid","volume":"39","author":"Moriwaki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081210095270300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3011","DOI":"10.1021\/ma00188a020","article-title":"The Chemical Reduction\nof Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene)","volume":"21","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"1988","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"47","key":"2026081210095270300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12442","DOI":"10.1021\/j100098a046","article-title":"Surface Defluorination of PTFE by\nSodium Atoms","volume":"98","author":"Tasker","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026081210095270300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10486","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c02526","article-title":"Room Temperature\nDefluorination of\nPoly(Tetrafluoroethylene) by a Magnesium Reagent","volume":"145","author":"Sheldon","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081210095270300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13039","DOI":"10.1021\/es4034414","article-title":"Highly Efficient\nand Mild Electrochemical Mineralization of Long-Chain\nPerfluorocarboxylic Acids (C9\u2013C10) by Ti\/SnO2\u2013Sb\u2013Ce,\nTi\/SnO2\u2013Sb\/Ce\u2013PbO2, and Ti\/BDD\nElectrodes","volume":"47","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081210095270300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2015.04.024","article-title":"Electrochemical\nTreatment of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonic\nAcid (PFOS) in Groundwater Impacted by Aqueous Film Forming Foams\n(AFFFs)","volume":"295","author":"Schaefer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081210095270300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2015.143","article-title":"Electrochemical\nDegradation of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)\nin Groundwater","volume":"71","author":"Trautmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081210095270300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6118","DOI":"10.1021\/es049719n","article-title":"Decomposition of Environmentally\nPersistent Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Water by Photochemical Approaches","volume":"38","author":"Hori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081210095270300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1021\/es0484754","article-title":"Efficient Decomposition\nof Environmentally Persistent Perfluorocarboxylic Acids by Use of\nPersulfate as a Photochemical Oxidant","volume":"39","author":"Hori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081210095270300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b06648","article-title":"Defluorination of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) with\nHydrated Electrons: Structural Dependence and Implications to PFAS\nRemediation and Management","volume":"53","author":"Bentel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081210095270300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.03.150","article-title":"Factors Influencing\nAqueous Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Photodecomposition by VUV Irradiation\nin the Presence of Ferric Ions","volume":"298","author":"Liang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"8039","key":"2026081210095270300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08179-1","article-title":"Photocatalytic Low-Temperature\nDefluorination of PFAS","volume":"635","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8046","key":"2026081210095270300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08327-7","article-title":"Photocatalytic\nC\u2013F Bond Activation in Small Molecules and Polyfluoroalkyl\nSubstances","volume":"637","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081210095270300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202422043","article-title":"Electrophotocatalysis\nfor Reductive Defluorination of PTFE and PFAS","volume":"64","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"issue":"8057","key":"2026081210095270300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08698-5","article-title":"Phosphate-Enabled Mechanochemical\nPFAS Destruction for Fluoride Reuse","volume":"640","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081210095270300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-025-01855-3","article-title":"Mechanochemical Pathway\nfor Converting Fluoropolymers to Fluorochemicals","volume":"17","author":"Hattori","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026081210095270300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40895","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c14052","article-title":"A Reductive\nMechanochemical Approach Enabling Direct Upcycling of Fluoride from\nPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) into Fine Chemicals","volume":"147","author":"Lowe","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081210095270300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-70766-9","article-title":"Single-Pot\nMechanochemically-Enabled\nFluorine Atom Closed-Loop Economy Using PFAS as Fluorinating Agents","volume":"17","author":"Long","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081210095270300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67299-y","article-title":"Upcycling of PTFE and\nPVDF to Fluorochemicals through Mechanochemical Process","volume":"17","author":"Hattori","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081210095270300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6526","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-61819-6","article-title":"Room-Temperature Defluorination\nof PTFE and PFAS via\nSodium Dispersion","volume":"16","author":"Araki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081210095270300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-025-02032-2","article-title":"Chemical Recycling of Hydrofluorocarbons\nby Transfer\nFluorination","volume":"18","author":"Jenek","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081210095270300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114990","article-title":"Electrochemical\nMethods for Treatment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS):\nA Review","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026081210095270300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138109","article-title":"Effective\nPFAS Degradation by Electrochemical Oxidation Methods-Recent Progress\nand Requirement","volume":"321","author":"Mirabediny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2026081210095270300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137943","article-title":"Advances in\nPFAS Electrochemical\nReduction: Mechanisms, Materials, and Future Perspectives","volume":"491","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081210095270300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4686(73)80080-5","article-title":"Electrochemical Corrosion of Polytetrafluorethylene\nContacting Lithium Amalgam","volume":"18","author":"Jansta","year":"1973","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026081210095270300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10687","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00443","article-title":"Electrochemical Reduction of Perfluorooctanoic\nAcid (PFOA): An Experimental and Theoretical Approach","volume":"146","author":"Calvillo Soli\u0301s","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081210095270300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16844","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.6c00218","article-title":"Theoretical\nGuidelines for Electrochemical C\u2013F\nBond Cleavage in Perfluorobutanoic Acid Using Transition Metal Catalysts","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081210095270300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5762","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c02102","article-title":"Chemoselective\n(Hetero)Arene Electroreduction Enabled by Rapid Alternating Polarity","volume":"144","author":"Hayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"49","key":"2026081210095270300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(00)00840-1","article-title":"Synthetic\nApplications of Anodic Electrochemistry","volume":"56","author":"Moeller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"issue":"41","key":"2026081210095270300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.04.008","article-title":"Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts:\nHydrogen Evolution Reactions and Overall Water Splitting","volume":"46","author":"Nemiwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081210095270300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.19.88","article-title":"Enabling\nArtificial Photosynthesis Systems with Molecular Recycling: A Review\nof Photo- and Electrochemical Methods for Regenerating Organic Sacrificial\nElectron Donors","volume":"19","author":"Lowe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081210095270300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-025-02057-7","article-title":"Lithium\nMetal-Mediated Electrochemical\nReduction of per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances","volume":"18","author":"Sarkar","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081210095270300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12255","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c01373","article-title":"Electrochemical Synthesis of Isolated Fluoride Reagents\nfrom PFAS","volume":"148","author":"Dorchies","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026081210095270300_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8350","DOI":"10.1021\/ic500770k","article-title":"Electrochemical\nReduction of Br\u00f8nsted Acids by Glassy Carbon in Acetonitrile\u2500Implications\nfor Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution","volume":"53","author":"McCarthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inorg.\nChem."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Chemical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jacs.6c06873","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/31\/33243\/66357638\/jacs.6c06873.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/31\/33243\/66357638\/jacs.6c06873.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T14:23:38Z","timestamp":1786544618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article\/148\/31\/33243\/5238529\/Et3N-Enabled-Electrochemical-PFAS-Defluorination"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.6c06873","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7863","1520-5126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7863","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}}}