{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:11:24Z","timestamp":1788970284779,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006151","name":"Basic Energy Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-76SF00515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-76SF00515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006151","name":"Basic Energy Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DESC0021266"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DESC0021266"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100025967","name":"Link Foundation Energy Fellowships","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100025967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017223","name":"National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BES-ERCAP0033653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES-ERCAP0033653"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017223","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017223","name":"National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-05CH11231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017223","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The electrochemical reduction of CO2 has received significant scientific interest over the past two decades as a key step in the synthesis of CO2 into combustible fuels. Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) adsorbed on carbon nanotubes has risen as a rare electrocatalyst that reduces CO2 beyond two electrons, specifically to methanol. Recent efforts have improved the efficiency of this process and established that methanol production proceeds by reduction of a free CO intermediate, however, many aspects of the catalytic pathway remain unclear, which may underpin persistent issues of stability and selectivity. Here we employ electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS), synthesis of catalytic intermediates, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the catalytic mechanism and identify distinguishing molecular features. We find that CoPc undergoes three sequential reductions between 0 and \u22122.5 vs NHE; the first reduction occurring at the Co center, and the second two reductions populating the Pc ring. XAS and theory show the Pc ligand to be noninnocent, interacting with the electronic structure of the Co center and causing Co to adopt a Co(II) state as the complex undergoes the second and third reductions. Consistent with previous studies, [CoPc]2\u2013 is found to be active for CO2 reduction, however, we find that the catalyst must be reduced further to [CoPc]3\u2013 to bind CO at the Co site. Carbonylation of [CoPc]3\u2013 under aprotic conditions leads to fast decomposition, forming [Co(CO)4]\u2212. However, we show that [CoPc]3\u2013, if ring protonated by weak acid to form [CoPc-H]2\u2013, reacts with CO to generate a formyl without decomposition, the first step in methanol synthesis. DFT calculations of the mechanism indicate that the reaction of [CoPc-H]2\u2013 with CO to generate the formyl in solution proceeds by an intermolecular proton transfer between the Pc ring of [CoPc-H]2\u2013 and the Co\u2013CO of [Co-COPc-H]2\u2013. Overall, this study points to the importance of the Pc ligand in determining the catalytic behavior of CoPc and provides the first examples of several isolated reduced CoPc complexes and catalytic intermediates that we hope will guide future work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c06970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T04:50:47Z","timestamp":1788324647000},"page":"37762-37778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular Approaches\nto the Mechanism of CO2 Reduction to Methanol by Cobalt\nPhthalocyanine"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9783-5922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emile E.","family":"DeLuca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3540-3654","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheolwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , , 2575 Sand Hill Road , , ,","place":["Menlo Park, California, United States, 94025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9698-5067","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pooja","family":"Basera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , , 2575 Sand Hill Road , , ,","place":["Menlo Park, California, United States, 94025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8901-1723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3923-7959","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7535-600X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hengyuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8887-7078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rachel L.","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3759-8352","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , , 2575 Sand Hill Road , , ,","place":["Menlo Park, California, United States, 94025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7489-0585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lydia R.","family":"Weddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4309-6669","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"Head-Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]},{"name":"University of California , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Bajdich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , , 2575 Sand Hill Road , , ,","place":["Menlo Park, California, United States, 94025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9897-5380","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy A.","family":"Cordones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , , 2575 Sand Hill Road , , ,","place":["Menlo Park, California, United States, 94025"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2186-488X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Clifford P.","family":"Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California , , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive , , ,","place":["La Jolla, California, United States, 92093"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090910085030400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cherd.2024.07.014","article-title":"CO2 electrochemical reduction:\nA state-of-the-art review with economic and environmental analyses","volume":"208","author":"Leonzio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"key":"2026090910085030400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111564","article-title":"Techno-economic review of alternative\nfuels and propulsion systems for the aviation sector","volume":"151","author":"Dahal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910085030400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1039\/B804323J","article-title":"Electrocatalytic\nand homogeneous approaches to conversion of CO2 to liquid\nfuels","volume":"38","author":"Benson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090910085030400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1039\/c39740000158","article-title":"Electrocatalysis by Metal Phthalocyanines\nin Reduction of Carbon-Dioxide","author":"Meshitsuka","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc.,\nChem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090910085030400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1039\/9781788015844-00001","article-title":"Approaches to\nControlling Homogeneous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide","volume-title":"Carbon Dioxide Electrochemistry","author":"Barrett","year":"2020"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090910085030400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00218F","article-title":"Molecular catalysis of CO2 reduction: recent\nadvances and perspectives in electrochemical and light-driven processes\nwith selected Fe, Ni and Co aza macrocyclic and polypyridine complexes","volume":"49","author":"Boutin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090910085030400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2021.02.003","article-title":"Molecular Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 beyond Two Electrons","volume":"3","author":"Boutin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090910085030400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2115882","article-title":"Carbon Dioxide\nReduction at a Metal Phthalocyanine\nCatalyzed Carbon Electrode","volume":"131","author":"Kapusta","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Electrochem.\nSoc."},{"issue":"7784","key":"2026090910085030400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1760-8","article-title":"Domino\nelectroreduction of CO2 to methanol on a molecular catalyst","volume":"575","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"45","key":"2026090910085030400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16172","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201909257","article-title":"Aqueous Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide\nand Carbon Monoxide into Methanol with Cobalt Phthalocyanine","volume":"58","author":"Boutin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090910085030400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.3c02979","article-title":"Role of Mass Transport in Electrochemical\nCO2 Reduction to Methanol Using Immobilized Cobalt Phthalocyanine","volume":"7","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026090910085030400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21623","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c07613","article-title":"Unlocking the Potential for Methanol\nSynthesis via Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Using CoPc-Based\nMolecular Catalysts","volume":"18","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"50","key":"2026090910085030400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202411967","article-title":"Cobalt Tetracationic\n3,4-Pyridinoporphyrazine for Direct CO2 to Methanol Conversion\nEscaping the CO Intermediate Pathway","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090910085030400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6296","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202001396","article-title":"Heterogeneous\nNature of Electrocatalytic CO\/CO2 Reduction by Cobalt Phthalocyanines","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"issue":"32","key":"2026090910085030400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22306","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c04878","article-title":"Dramatic Improvement\nof Homogeneous Carbon Dioxide and Bicarbonate Electroreduction Using\na Tetracationic Water-Soluble Cobalt Phthalocyanine","volume":"146","author":"Lawson","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090910085030400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-023-01005-3","article-title":"Strain enhances the activity of molecular electrocatalysts via carbon\nnanotube supports","volume":"6","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090910085030400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16348","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c05961","article-title":"In Situ Generated\nCO Enables High-Current CO2 Reduction to Methanol in a\nMolecular Catalyst Layer","volume":"146","author":"Cheon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090910085030400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1021\/ic00206a040","article-title":"Electronic-Spectra of Phthalocyanine\nRadical-Anions and Cations","volume":"24","author":"Minor","year":"1985","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090910085030400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6800","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00413a003","article-title":"Charge-Transfer Spectra\nof Metallophthalocyanines -\nCorrelation with Electrode-Potentials","volume":"103","author":"Lever","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Am.\nChem. Soc."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090910085030400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.03.028","article-title":"Evaluating\nthe characteristics of multiwall carbon nanotubes","volume":"49","author":"Lehman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026090910085030400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7597","DOI":"10.1021\/ac900937k","article-title":"Electrocatalytic\nActivity of Spots of Electrodeposited Noble-Metal Catalysts on Carbon\nNanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon","volume":"81","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090910085030400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202310623","article-title":"Active Sites of Cobalt\nPhthalocyanine in Electrocatalytic\nCO2 Reduction to Methanol","volume":"63","author":"Rooney","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910085030400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52168-x","article-title":"Potential-driven structural distortion\nin cobalt phthalocyanine for electrocatalytic CO2\/CO reduction\ntowards methanol","volume":"15","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910085030400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39153-6","article-title":"In-situ spectroscopic probe of the intrinsic structure\nfeature of single-atom center in electrochemical CO\/CO2 reduction to methanol","volume":"14","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910085030400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c04957","article-title":"Electrochemical\nCO2 Reduction to Methanol by Cobalt Phthalocyanine: Quantifying\nCO2 and CO Binding Strengths and Their Influence on Methanol\nProduction","volume":"14","author":"Yao","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090910085030400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13526","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5c03137","article-title":"Catalytic\nHydrogenation of a Ruthenium Carbonyl to Formyl Enabled by Metal-Ligand\nCooperation","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090910085030400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1021\/ic50114a003","article-title":"Electronic spectra of the negative\nions of some metal\nphthalocyanines","volume":"11","author":"Clack","year":"1972","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026090910085030400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11332","DOI":"10.1021\/jp002709y","article-title":"Reduction of Cobalt\nand Iron Phthalocyanines and the Role of the Reduced Species in Catalyzed\nPhotoreduction of CO2","volume":"104","author":"Grodkowski","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys.\nA"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090910085030400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.organomet.1c00431","article-title":"Aggregation\nand Significant Difference\nin Reactivity Therein: Blocking the CO2-to-CH3OH Reaction","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Organometallics"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090910085030400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5033","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00329a082","article-title":"Catalytic reduction\nof carbon dioxide at carbon electrodes\nmodified with cobalt phthalocyanine","volume":"106","author":"Lieber","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Am.\nChem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090910085030400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.6b02325","article-title":"Decoding Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer with Potential-pKa\nDiagrams","volume":"56","author":"McCarthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026090910085030400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20177","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.2c03456","article-title":"Resolving a Half-Century-Long\nControversy between (Magneto)optical\nand EPR Spectra of Single-Electron-Reduced [PcFe]\u2212, [PcFeL]\u2212, and [PcFeX]2\u2013 Complexes:\nStory of a Double Flip","volume":"61","author":"Schrage","year":"2022","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090910085030400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.201901229","article-title":"Coexistence\nof Metal Phthalocyanine and Fullerene C60 Anions in Mixed\n{cryptand[2.2.2](Na+)}x(MPc)\u2212x-1\u00b7(C60)\u2212 Salts\n(M = CoI, VIVO, x = 2 and 1.5)","volume":"2020","author":"Konarev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090910085030400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8846","DOI":"10.1039\/D5DT00628G","article-title":"Identifying charge-transfer and trip-multiplet states\nin Co(I), Co(II), and Co(III) phthalocyanines using (magneto)optical\nspectroscopy and (TD)DFT calculations","volume":"54","author":"Muldowney","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dalton\nTrans."},{"key":"2026090910085030400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1693(00)92398-3","article-title":"Protonation\nof Cobalt Tetraneopentoxyphthalocyanine\nas a Function of Oxidation-State","volume":"198","author":"Bernstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Inorg. Chim.\nActa"},{"issue":"47","key":"2026090910085030400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11297","DOI":"10.1039\/b915364k","article-title":"LOBA: a localized orbital bonding\nanalysis to calculate oxidation states, with application to a model\nwater oxidation catalyst","volume":"11","author":"Thom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem.\nPhys."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090910085030400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(99)01149-5","article-title":"Time-dependent\ndensity functional theory within the\nTamm-Dancoff approximation","volume":"314","author":"Hirata","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090910085030400_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.3c02953","article-title":"Simple\nPreparation and Characterization\nof Hybrid Cobalt Phthalocyanine on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Electrodes","volume":"7","author":"Chan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090910085030400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2017.08.002","article-title":"Supported Cobalt Polyphthalocyanine for High-Performance\nElectrocatalytic CO2 Reduction","volume":"3","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910085030400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11542-w","article-title":"CO2 electrochemical\ncatalytic reduction with a highly active cobalt phthalocyanine","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090910085030400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6433","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00255a032","article-title":"X-ray absorption\nedge determination of the oxidation state and coordination number\nof copper. Application to the type 3 site in Rhus vernicifera laccase\nand its reaction with oxygen","volume":"109","author":"Kau","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090910085030400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1021\/ic00005a010","article-title":"X-ray spectroscopic\nstudies of nickel complexes, with application to the structure of\nnickel sites in hydrogenases","volume":"30","author":"Colpas","year":"1991","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090910085030400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214110","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4952647","article-title":"\u03c9B97M-V:\nA combinatorially optimized, range-separated\nhybrid, meta-GGA density functional with VV10 nonlocal correlation","volume":"144","author":"Mardirossian","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090910085030400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"084307","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0192809","article-title":"Site-specific electronic structure of covalently linked\nbimetallic dyads from nitrogen K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy","volume":"160","author":"Ryland","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Chem. 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