{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:23:42Z","timestamp":1786112622216,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FOR 5387 POPULAR, project no. 461909888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR 5387 POPULAR, project no. 461909888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Responsible Electronics in the Climate Change Era"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Responsible Electronics in the Climate Change Era"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)","award":["FAPESP: 2025\/27044-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAPESP: 2025\/27044-5"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon2020 research and innovation program","award":["No 101212358 - COSMIC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 101212358 - COSMIC"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon2020 research and innovation program","award":["No 955837  HORATES"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 955837  HORATES"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["408449\/2024-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["408449\/2024-1"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)","award":["CNPq: 304662\/2025-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CNPq: 304662\/2025-9"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A new n-type conjugated polymer is prepared using aldol polycondensation. The backbone is designed to be linear, coplanar and to have a low LUMO energy level. A bisisatin monomer is made in four steps only under metal-free and ambient conditions. Key to the linear and coplanar structure is the bridging of two isatin motifs by a thiazolothiazole unit. Aldol copolymers with benzodifuranone afford polymers with low LUMO energy levels of \u223c \u22124.2 eV without using halogens. Defect formation during aldol polycondensation is studied quantitatively using monofunctional model compounds. Besides known defects such as homocouplings, fused analogs are observed along with other defects. Zinc stearate is identified as a superior catalyst, with defects being mostly absent in model reactions. This is in contrast to all other catalytic conditions used, including common literature protocols. Importantly, water must be continuously removed from the reaction to prevent the formation of defects. From these results, protocols are selected that lead to different defect densities in aldol copolymers. Spectroscopic methods confirm the defective nature of aldol polymers but offer limited structural insight into their nature and abundance. Electrospray deposition scanning tunneling microscopy enables direct identification and quantification of defect structures, revealing both similar trends and notable differences in their relative frequencies between small-molecule model systems and full polymers, rationalized by differences in reaction equilibria and chain mobility. Alongside introducing a new low LUMO n-type polymer synthesized via a metal-free route, this study opens pathways toward defect-free aldol polymers, which are otherwise intrinsically prone to defect formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c07584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T04:56:03Z","timestamp":1785128163000},"page":"32195-32209","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthetic Method\u2013Defect\nCorrelations in Aldol\nPolycondensation: From Model Reactions to an\n                    <i>n<\/i>\n                    -Type\nThiazolothioazole Copolymer"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4849-2062","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diego R.","family":"Hinojosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemnitz University of Technology , , Stra\u00dfe der Nationen 62 , ,","place":["Chemnitz, Germany, 09111"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Gu\u0308nther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sa\u0303o Paulo State University (UNESP) , , Campus Rio Claro , ,","place":["Rio Claro, Brazil, 13506-700"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Mantegazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham , , ,","place":["Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matus","family":"Stredansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham , , ,","place":["Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8445-4509","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stefania","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham , , ,","place":["Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8948-1477","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tobias","family":"Ru\u0308ffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemnitz University of Technology , , Stra\u00dfe der Nationen 62 , ,","place":["Chemnitz, Germany, 09111"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunqiu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Dresden , , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01187"]},{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01069"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0783-0707","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yana","family":"Vaynzof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Dresden , , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01187"]},{"name":"Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden , ,","place":["Dresden, Germany, 01069"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7916-3440","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham , , ,","place":["Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT"]},{"name":"University of Birmingham , , ,","place":["Birmingham, U.K., B15 2TT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-5998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemnitz University of Technology , , Stra\u00dfe der Nationen 62 , ,","place":["Chemnitz, Germany, 09111"]},{"name":"Chemnitz University of Technology , , Rosenbergstra\u00dfe 6 , ,","place":["Chemnitz, Germany, 09126"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026080511103871600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5868","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900182s","article-title":"Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers\nfor Organic Solar Cell Applications","volume":"109","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080511103871600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202423013","article-title":"\u03c0-Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance\nOrganic Electrochemical\nTransistors: Molecular Design Strategies, Applications and Perspectives","volume":"64","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080511103871600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.7b00624","article-title":"Conjugated Polymers in Bioelectronics","volume":"51","author":"Inal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080511103871600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1021\/cr100320w","article-title":"Stille Polycondensation\nfor Synthesis of Functional Materials","volume":"111","author":"Carsten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem.\nRev."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2026080511103871600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200900063","article-title":"Suzuki\nPolycondensation: Polyarylenes a\u0300 La Carte","volume":"30","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026080511103871600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00556","article-title":"Precision Synthesis of Conjugated\nPolymers Using the Kumada Methodology","volume":"54","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acc.\nChem. Res."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.761451","article-title":"Toxicity\nand Health Effects of Selected Organotin Compounds: A Review","volume":"14","author":"Kimbrough","year":"1976","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026080511103871600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201100316","article-title":"Kumada Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation:\nMechanism, Opportunities, and Challenges","volume":"32","author":"Kiriy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromol.\nRapid Commun."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527695959.ch2","article-title":"Suzuki Polycondensation","volume-title":"Synthetic Methods for Conjugated Polymers and Carbon\nMaterials","author":"Krishna","year":"2017"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080511103871600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2013.04.006","article-title":"Direct Arylation\nPolycondensation as Simplified Alternative for the Synthesis of Conjugated\n(Co)Polymers","volume":"38","author":"Kowalski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026080511103871600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11420","DOI":"10.1021\/ja105767z","article-title":"Palladium-Catalyzed\nDehydrohalogenative Polycondensation of 2-Bromo-3-Hexylthiophene:\nAn Efficient Approach to Head-to-Tail Poly(3-Hexylthiophene)","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026080511103871600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6705","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b03355","article-title":"Defect-Free\nNaphthalene Diimide Bithiophene Copolymers with Controlled Molar Mass\nand High Performance via Direct Arylation Polycondensation","volume":"137","author":"Matsidik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026080511103871600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14225","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00498","article-title":"Direct (Hetero)Arylation Polymerization: Simplicity\nfor Conjugated Polymer Synthesis","volume":"116","author":"Pouliot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080511103871600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4623","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.7b00046","article-title":"Direct\nArylation Polycondensation of 2,5-Dithienylsilole with a Series of\nDifluorobenzodiimine-Based Electron Acceptors","volume":"50","author":"Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026080511103871600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adv8168","article-title":"Open-Flask,\nAmbient Temperature Direct Arylation Synthesis of Mixed Ionic-Electronic\nConductors","volume":"11","author":"Kimpel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080511103871600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.3c00396","article-title":"Room Temperature Synthesis of a Well-Defined\nConjugated\nPolymer Using Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP)","volume":"12","author":"Castillo","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.16.36","article-title":"Room-Temperature Pd\/Ag Direct Arylation\nEnabled by\na Radical Pathway","volume":"16","author":"Mayhugh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080511103871600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.8b00618","article-title":"Sustainable\nSynthesis of a Fluorinated Arylene Conjugated\nPolymer via Cu-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization (DArP)","volume":"7","author":"Pankow","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026080511103871600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6545","DOI":"10.1039\/C9PY01478K","article-title":"Synthesis of Conjugated\nPolymers Using Aryl-Bromides via Cu-Catalyzed Direct\nArylation Polymerization (Cu-DArP)","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080511103871600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmacrolett.0c00626","article-title":"An Efficient Precatalyst\nApproach for the Synthesis of Thiazole-Containing Conjugated Polymers\nvia Cu-Catalyzed Direct Arylation Polymerization (Cu-DArP)","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2018.06.002","article-title":"Direct Arylation Polymerization:\nA Guide to Optimal\nConditions for Effective Conjugated Polymers","volume":"83","author":"Gobalasingham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080511103871600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.0c03998","article-title":"Electron Mobility\nof Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers Is Robust against Homocoupling\nDefects","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026080511103871600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11655","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c10842","article-title":"Molecular-Scale\nImaging Enables Direct\nVisualization of Molecular Defects and Chain Structure of Conjugated\nPolymers","volume":"18","author":"Moro","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026080511103871600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1021\/mz5004147","article-title":"Identifying\nHomocouplings\nas Critical Side Reactions in Direct Arylation Polycondensation","volume":"3","author":"Lombeck","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Macro Lett."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026080511103871600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9140","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.8b02297","article-title":"Suppressing Defect Formation Pathways in the Direct\nC-H Arylation Polymerization of Photovoltaic Copolymers","volume":"51","author":"Aldrich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026080511103871600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202301247","article-title":"Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Polymerization\nvia C-H\nActivation for the Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers","volume":"135","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7964","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35573-y","article-title":"The Effect\nof Residual Palladium on the Performance of Organic Electrochemical\nTransistors","volume":"13","author":"Griggs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026080511103871600_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3448","DOI":"10.1039\/C7PY00484B","article-title":"Facile Green Synthesis of Isoindigo-Based\nConjugated Polymers Using\nAldol Polycondensation","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026080511103871600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.3390\/catal10040364","article-title":"Atom-Economical\nSynthesis and Characterization of Poly(Oxindolidene Thienylene Vinylene)\nBased on Aldol Polycondensation Reaction","volume":"10","author":"Sato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit30","volume-title":"Modern Aldol Reactions","year":"2004","edition":"1"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026080511103871600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5631","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.6b00959","article-title":"The Complete Mechanism of an Aldol\nCondensation","volume":"81","author":"Perrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080511103871600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202311879","article-title":"Aldol Condensation for the Construction\nof Organic Functional Materials","volume":"136","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026080511103871600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11390","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201905835","article-title":"Rigid Coplanar\nPolymers for Stable n-Type Polymer Thermoelectrics","volume":"58","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c10365","article-title":"Acene Ring Size Optimization in Fused\nLactam Polymers Enabling High N-Type Organic Thermoelectric Performance","volume":"143","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026080511103871600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7988","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.5c01022","article-title":"High Electron\nMobility in Conjugated Polymers Processed with Nonchlorinated Solvents\nfor Organic Thin Film Transistors","volume":"7","author":"Che","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl.\nPolym. Mater."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026080511103871600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12168","DOI":"10.1021\/ja403624a","article-title":"Electron-Deficient\nPoly(p -Phenylene Vinylene) Provides Electron Mobility\nover 1 Cm 2 V \u2013-1 s \u2013-1 under Ambient Conditions","volume":"135","author":"Lei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026080511103871600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8099","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TC02048J","article-title":"N-Type Organic\nSemiconducting Polymers: Stability Limitations, Design Considerations\nand Applications","volume":"9","author":"Griggs","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"issue":"7935","key":"2026080511103871600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05295-8","article-title":"A Solution-Processed\nn-Type Conducting Polymer with\nUltrahigh Conductivity","volume":"611","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02852-6","article-title":"Fused Electron\nDeficient Semiconducting Polymers for Air Stable Electron Transport","volume":"9","author":"Onwubiko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"14","key":"2026080511103871600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70002","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.202500117","article-title":"n-Type Polymer Thermoelectric Materials\nBased on Benzodifurandione and F-Substituted Thiophene Derivatives\nSynthesized via Direct Arylation and Aldol Polycondensation","volume":"226","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080511103871600_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.5c00003","article-title":"The Influence of Interlocking Effects in Conjugated\nPolymers Synthesized by Aldol Polycondensation on Field-Effect Transistor\nProperties and Morphology","volume":"5","author":"Shih","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080511103871600_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c13051","article-title":"Highly Conductive and\nSolution-Processable\nn-Doped Transparent Organic Conductor","volume":"145","author":"Ke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am.\nChem. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080511103871600_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202418668","article-title":"Selenium Dioxide Catalyzed Polymerization\nof N-Doped Poly(Benzodifurandione) (n-PBDF) and Its Derivatives","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026080511103871600_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1601232","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201601232","article-title":"On the Effect of Prevalent Carbazole\nHomocoupling Defects on the Photovoltaic Performance of PCDTBT:PC71BM\nSolar Cells","volume":"6","author":"Lombeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080511103871600_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.1c00478","article-title":"Hydrogen Bonds Control Single-Chain\nConformation, Crystallinity, and Electron Transport in Isoelectronic\nDiketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"52","key":"2026080511103871600_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309403","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202309403","article-title":"On the Importance of\nChemical Precision in Organic Electronics: Fullerene Intercalation\nin Perfectly Alternating Conjugated Polymers","volume":"33","author":"Vanderspikken","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026080511103871600_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7481","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b01843","article-title":"Defect Analysis of High Electron\nMobility Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers Made by Direct Arylation\nPolycondensation","volume":"48","author":"Broll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62221-y","article-title":"Revealing Polymerisation Defects\nand Formation Mechanisms in Aldol Condensation for Conjugated Polymers\nvia High-Resolution Molecular Imaging","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat.\nCommun."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026080511103871600_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903936","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201903936","article-title":"Homocoupling\nDefects in a Conjugated Polymer Limit Exciton Diffusion","volume":"29","author":"Streiter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026080511103871600_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11128","DOI":"10.1021\/ja505574a","article-title":"Homocoupling Defects in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based\nCopolymers and Their Effect on Photovoltaic Performance","volume":"136","author":"Hendriks","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026080511103871600_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6979","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b00945","article-title":"Toward High\nPerformance n -Type Thermoelectric Materials by Rational\nModification of BDPPV Backbones","volume":"137","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026080511103871600_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2500243","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.202500243","article-title":"Versatile Direct (Hetero)Arylation\nPolymerization of Electro-Deficient Unsubstituted Thiazolo[5,4-d]Thiazole:\nA Tool to Lower the LUMO Level","volume":"46","author":"Jismy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid\nCommun."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2026.130114","article-title":"Aldol Polycondensation\ntoward Benzodifurandione-Based Conjugated Polymers for n-Type Organic\nElectronics","volume":"357","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"44","key":"2026080511103871600_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201800821","article-title":"A Defect-Free Naphthalene Diimide Bithiazole Copolymer\nvia Regioselective Direct Arylation Polycondensation","volume":"2018","author":"Matsidik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026080511103871600_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801898","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801898","article-title":"A Chemically Doped Naphthalenediimide-Bithiazole Polymer\nfor n-Type Organic Thermoelectrics","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2024.112247","article-title":"Conjugated\nPolymers\nwith Thiazolothiazole as the Acceptor Unit for High Performance Organic\nSolar Cells","volume":"228","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026080511103871600_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600610","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201600610","article-title":"Bithiazole: An Intriguing Electron-Deficient Building\nfor Plastic Electronic Applications","volume":"38","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Macromol.\nRapid Commun."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080511103871600_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202500213","article-title":"Interplay of Backbone\nConformation, Morphology and Thermoelectric Properties of Benzodifuranone-Isatin\nAcceptor Polymers","volume":"12","author":"Hinojosa","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"issue":"25","key":"2026080511103871600_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8467","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b01005","article-title":"Thiazolothiazole\nFluorophores Exhibiting Strong Fluorescence\nand Viologen-Like Reversible Electrochromism","volume":"139","author":"Woodward","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.3c02137","article-title":"Solubilizing Benzodifuranone-Based\nConjugated Copolymers with Single-Oxygen-Containing Branched Side\nChains","volume":"6","author":"R. Hinojosa","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1039\/p19730000499","article-title":"N-Alkylation of\nIndole and Pyrroles in Dimethyl Sulfoxide","author":"Heaney","year":"1973","journal-title":"J.\nChem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026080511103871600_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2017.03.060","article-title":"An Efficient Method\nBased on Indoles for the Synthesis\nof Isatins by Taking Advantage of I2O5 as Oxidant","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080511103871600_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajoc.202100757","article-title":"Iodine-DMSO-Promoted\nOxygenation of Indoles: Synthesis of Isatin and Isoindigo","volume":"11","author":"Rastogi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Org. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026080511103871600_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5753","DOI":"10.1039\/C6SC01380E","article-title":"Embedding Electron-Deficient Nitrogen\nAtoms in Polymer Backbone towards High Performance n-Type Polymer\nField-Effect Transistors","volume":"7","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"issue":"49","key":"2026080511103871600_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2017.10.057","article-title":"Cu-Catalyzed\nOxidation of Indoles to Isatins","volume":"58","author":"Luo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tetrahedron\nLett."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080511103871600_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1021\/ol501203q","article-title":"Synthesis of Isatins\nby I2\/TBHP Mediated Oxidation of Indoles","volume":"16","author":"Zi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Org.\nLett."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3987\/COM-99-8792","article-title":"A Facile Synthesis\nof 1Alkyl7-Azaisatins","volume":"53","author":"Tatsugi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Heterocycles"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080511103871600_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202311879","article-title":"Aldol Condensation for the Construction\nof Organic Functional Materials","volume":"63","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.,\nInt. Ed."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026080511103871600_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6103","DOI":"10.1021\/jp010392b","article-title":"Structural and Electronic Characterization\nof Chemical and Conformational Defects in Conjugated Polymers","volume":"105","author":"Wong","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026080511103871600_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/jhet.5570160315","article-title":"The Synthesis of Benzofuroquinolines.\nI. Some Benzofuro[2,3-b]Quinoline and Benzofuro[3,2-c]Quinoline Derivatives","volume":"16","author":"Kawase","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Heterocycl. Chem."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026080511103871600_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202401465","article-title":"Reductive Doping Inhibits\nthe Formation of Isomerization-Derived Structural Defects in N-Doped\nPoly(Benzodifurandione) (n-PBDF)","volume":"63","author":"Hwang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.,\nInt. Ed."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1081\/SCC-200057305","article-title":"Magnesium-Induced\nPinacol Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones Under Ultrasound\nIrradiation","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Synth. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026080511103871600_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1134\/S0022476612020321","article-title":"An Unusual\nConformation of 1,1\u2032-Dimethyl-Isoindigo in Crystals","volume":"53","author":"Voronina","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Struct. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-2670(87)85035-9","article-title":"The Photochemistry\nof Isatin","volume":"37","author":"Haucke","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Photochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000523","DOI":"10.1002\/solr.202000523","article-title":"Aldol Condensation-Polymerized\nn-Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for High-Performance Nonfullerene\nPolymer Solar Cells","volume":"5","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sol. RRL"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026080511103871600_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60293a001","article-title":"Hard Soft\nAcids Bases (HSAB) Principle and Organic Chemistry","volume":"75","author":"Ho","year":"1975","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026080511103871600_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9973","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201502939","article-title":"Acid-Base Pairs in\nLewis Acidic Zeolites Promote Direct Aldol Reactions by Soft Enolization","volume":"127","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026080511103871600_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aas9543","article-title":"Sequencing Conjugated Polymers by\nEye","volume":"4","author":"Warr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026080511103871600_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8383","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c19024","article-title":"Revealing the Full Potential of Glycolated Mixed Ionic-Electronic\nSemiconductors - Symmetric Monomer Polymerization to Boost Electrochemical\nTransistor Performance","volume":"148","author":"Bynens","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American\nChemical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jacs.6c07584","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/30\/32195\/66240840\/jacs.6c07584.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/30\/32195\/66240840\/jacs.6c07584.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:24:08Z","timestamp":1785943448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article\/148\/30\/32195\/5231413\/Synthetic-Method-Defect-Correlations-in-Aldol"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.6c07584","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7863","1520-5126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7863","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]}}}