{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T12:06:56Z","timestamp":1793275616426,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008134","name":"Office of the Royal Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\\R1\\251599"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\\R1\\251599"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/T031425\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/T031425\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Max-Planck Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atomic hydrogen (H\u2022), the union of an electron and a proton, is the smallest radical of the universe. Over the past century, advanced techniques such as electric discharge and mercury UV sensitization enabled a fundamental understanding of the reactivity of H\u2022 but fell short of providing synthetic methods to exploit its intriguing properties. Here we report a light-mediated method to access hydrogen radicals under synthetically useful conditions. This strategy enabled the mild, metal-free reduction of highly functionalized alkenes and halides. Mechanistic, EPR, and DFT studies suggest hydrogen radical generation via a Rydberg radical intermediate, with potential applications across the chemical and biological sciences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c07870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:37:41Z","timestamp":1788219461000},"page":"37576-37582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Synthetic\nMethod to Hydrogen Radicals"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Nils J.","family":"Flode\u0301n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , , , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14476"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-9532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alberto","family":"Collauto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub , , 82 Wood Lane , , ,","place":["London, U.K., W12 0BZ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3394-8466","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter H.","family":"Seeberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , , , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14476"]},{"name":"Freie Universita\u0308t Berlin , , , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14195"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-0537","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roopender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London , , 20 Gordon St. , , ,","place":["London, U.K., WC1H 0AJ"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1125644","article-title":"The first\nstars in the universe and cosmic reionization","volume":"313","author":"Barkana","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1126\/science.69.1776.19","article-title":"The story\nof the chemical elements","volume":"69","author":"Noyes","year":"1929","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/3bnr-q23f","article-title":"Towards trapping\nof hydrogen atoms for computable optical clock applications","volume":"112","author":"Amit","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phys. 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Eng."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1021\/ja02211a004","article-title":"A chemically\nactive modification of hydrogen","volume":"34","author":"Langmuir","year":"1912","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1021\/ja02208a003","article-title":"The dissociation\nof hydrogen into atoms","volume":"34","author":"Langmuir","year":"1912","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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Soc."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00240a009","article-title":"Theoretical study\nof the ammoniated NH4 radical\nand related structures","volume":"109","author":"Kassab","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3683","DOI":"10.1021\/jz401897t","article-title":"Stability\nof the ground and low-lying\nvibrational states of the ammonium radical","volume":"4","author":"Savee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00094a015","article-title":"Assessment of the\nimportance of changes in ground-state energies on the bond dissociation\nenthalpies of the O\u2013H bonds in phenols and the S\u2013H bonds\nin thiophenols","volume":"116","author":"Bordwell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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Chem."},{"issue":"27","key":"2026090910090633000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11319","DOI":"10.1021\/jp960189u","article-title":"Absolute rate\nconstants for the addition\nof atomic hydrogen to monosubstituted and trisubstituted olefins","volume":"100","author":"Tanner","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13616","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b07390","article-title":"Visible-light-promoted\nC-S cross-coupling\nvia intermolecular charge transfer","volume":"139","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/0471264180.or040.02","article-title":"Reduction with\nDiimide","volume-title":"Organic Reactions","author":"Pasto","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(87)80033-3","article-title":"Spin trapping:\nESR parameters of spin adducts","volume":"3","author":"Buettner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Free Radic.\nBiol. Med."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-022X(91)90084-A","article-title":"The NoH\nvalue in EPR spin trapping: a new parameter\nfor the identification of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin adducts","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods"},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2364(73)90194-7","article-title":"Radical addition\nreactions of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide.\nESR spin trapping with a cyclic nitrone","volume":"9","author":"Janzen","year":"1973","journal-title":"J.\nMagn. Reson."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1139\/v82-205","article-title":"Utilisation des pie\u0300ges a\u0300 radicaux en\nvue de mettre en e\u0301vidence des interme\u0301diaires dans la\nphotolyse de complexes contenant une liaison CoIII\u2013C","volume":"60","author":"Maillard","year":"1982","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-328X(00)82320-7","article-title":"Photolysis in aprotic solvents of\nsome alkylcobalt(III) complexes; an ESR and spin-trapping technique\nstudy","volume":"159","author":"Maillard","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Organomet. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090910090633000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1039\/p29850001147","article-title":"Characterization of\nspin adducts obtained with hydrophobic nitrone spin traps","author":"Barker","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2"},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1039\/FT9969201519","article-title":"Radiation chemistry\nof aqueous solutions of hydrazine\nat elevated temperatures. Part 1. \u2013 Oxygen-free solutions","volume":"92","author":"Buxton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090910090633000_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1139\/v74-138","article-title":"The EPR Spectra\nof Hydrazyl and Some 1-Substituted Hydrazyl Radicals in Solution","volume":"52","author":"Malatesta","year":"1974","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090910090633000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4841","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1673721","article-title":"Ratio of\nDisproportionation to Combination of N2H3 Radicals","volume":"52","author":"Stief","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06141-1","article-title":"Photocatalytic phosphine-mediated\nwater activation for radical hydrogenation","volume":"619","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026090910090633000_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4775","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1558471","article-title":"Natural\ntransition orbitals","volume":"118","author":"Martin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090910090633000_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1246\/bcsj.68.3309","article-title":"Ultrafast Photochemistry\nof Ammonia Clusters: Formation\nand Decay of Hypervalent Molecular Clusters Containing the NH4 Radical","volume":"68","author":"Fuke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Chemical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jacs.6c07870","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/35\/37576\/67406906\/jacs.6c07870.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/35\/37576\/67406906\/jacs.6c07870.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:28:08Z","timestamp":1788967688000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article\/148\/35\/37576\/5328961\/A-Synthetic-Method-to-Hydrogen-Radicals"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.6c07870","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7863","1520-5126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7863","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]}}}