{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:23:53Z","timestamp":1787153033692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025M771159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M771159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GZC20250788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZC20250788"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB4101600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB4101600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Paired electrosynthesis that couples nitrate electroreduction (NO3RR) with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) upcycling offers a promising route to close nitrogen and carbon cycles, yet its implementation is hindered by the lack of bifunctional catalysts capable of operating efficiently under high-current conditions. Here, we report a defect-engineered LD-VO-CoO\/Co3O4@C heterojunction catalyst synthesized via flash Joule heating, a nonequilibrium strategy that kinetically stabilizes abundant oxygen vacancies and pronounced lattice distortion. LD-VO-CoO\/Co3O4@C achieves an outstanding ammonia yield rate of 78.94 mg h\u20131 cm\u20132 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 97.14%, together with excellent stability over 300 h, surpassing all reported monometallic cobalt-based catalysts, as well as efficient oxidation of ethylene glycol to formate (98% of FE). In an integrated configuration, the bifunctional LD-VO-CoO\/Co3O4@C catalyst enables stable ampere-level paired synthesis (2 A cm\u20132 @1.86 V, 180 h at 1 A cm\u20132). An in situ downstream extension strategy is proposed for the first time, enabling ammonium formate production via direct mixing of anodic and cathodic products, and demonstrating a scalable, high-current paired electrosynthesis platform. Techno-economic evaluation highlights a striking overall profit margin of this configuration (75.7%), along with a substantial reduction in carbon footprint, thereby reversing the long-term dilemma of negative profits for ammonia electrosynthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c08564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T07:01:55Z","timestamp":1785999715000},"page":"34485-34497","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nonequilibrium-Induced\nDefect-Rich Bifunctional Heterojunctions\nfor Highly Selective Paired Electrosynthesis of Ammonium Formate"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Zhanhao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9747-6756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanchang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoyong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangjun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiachun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqi","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6892-6665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jieshan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology , , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. 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Mater."},{"issue":"31","key":"2026081910233883000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28945","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c11080","article-title":"Strong interactions between flash subnanometer carbide\nnanowires and single-walled carbon nanotubes for catalysis","volume":"19","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"45","key":"2026081910233883000_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202409949","article-title":"Spatial structure\nof electron interactions in high-entropy oxide nanoparticles for active\nelectrocatalysis of carbon dioxide reduction","volume":"36","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081910233883000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.146896","article-title":"Yolk-shell composite\noxides with binuclear Co(II) sites toward low-overpotential nitrate\nreduction to ammonia","volume":"477","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081910233883000_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202415259","article-title":"Bimetallic\nCu11Ag3 nanotips for ultrahigh yield rate of nitrate-to-ammonium","volume":"64","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026081910233883000_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201805423","article-title":"Oxygen vacancy induced\nstructural distortions in black titania: A unique approach using soft\nX-ray EXAFS at the O\u2013K edge","volume":"25","author":"Leedahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. -\nEur. J."},{"issue":"T115","key":"2026081910233883000_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1238\/Physica.Topical.115a00349","article-title":"Exafs study on disorder in microstructure\nof amorphous mesoporous titania with large surface areas","volume":"2005","author":"Yoshitake","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Scr."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081910233883000_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2012.06.037","article-title":"Investigation of local\nstructure effect and x-ray absorption characteristics (exafs) of Fe\n(Ti) k-edge on photocatalyst properties of SrTi(1-x)FexO(3-\u03b4)","volume":"136","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"27","key":"2026081910233883000_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202425459","article-title":"A Cu-Cu2O\/Ni2P heterostructure\nfor efficient tandem catalysis of electrosynthesis of ammonia from\nnitrate reduction reaction in neutral medium","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"38","key":"2026081910233883000_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202409125","article-title":"Coordination desymmetrization of\ncopper single-atom catalyst for efficient nitrate reduction","volume":"63","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081910233883000_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14670","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c04541","article-title":"Tandem nitrate electroreduction to\nammonia with industrial-level current density on hierarchical Cu nanowires\nshelled with nico-layered double hydroxide","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081910233883000_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202303515","article-title":"Electrocatalytic co-upcycling\nof\nnitrite and ethylene glycol over cobalt-copper oxides","volume":"14","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. 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