{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:39:37Z","timestamp":1792600777153,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101043272"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101043272"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B93C22000630006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B93C22000630006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031478","name":"NextGenerationEU","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ECS00000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The origin of enhanced reactivity in aqueous microdroplets remains unresolved, with interfacial electric fields (IEFs) frequently proposed as catalytic drivers. Here, we present a quantum-mechanical, spatially resolved characterization of the electric field at air-water interfaces by combining deep learning molecular dynamics with ab initio re-sampling. Across planar interfaces and nanodroplets spanning a range of curvatures and charge states, we consistently identify an outward-directed field of \u223c1.0\u20131.2 V\/\u00c5 along the intrinsic surface normal. Notably, the field magnitude scales linearly with the average number of hydrogen bonds per interfacial molecule, directly linking the IEF to the local hydrogen-bond network. Strikingly, curvature and pH exert only a moderate influence on the IEF, with differences becoming negligible at experimentally relevant droplet sizes and pH regimes. Accordingly, the reactivity enhancements observed in \u03bcm-sized droplets cannot be attributed to variations in the IEF, which changes by only \u223c10\u20135 between 3 and 40 \u03bcm-sized droplets. Furthermore, the IEF is highly localized within the interfacial region, decaying over just a few \u00c5. This pronounced spatial confinement ties the field to the local electronic structure, establishing the IEF as an intrinsic interfacial property rather than an independent mechanistic driver of \u201con-water\u201d catalysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c09391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:02:48Z","timestamp":1791482568000},"page":"44128-44137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interfacial Electric\nFields in Water Nanodroplets\nAre Weakly Dependent on Curvature and pH"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Amante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Messina , , Viale F. Stagno d\u2019Alcontres 31 , ,","place":["Messina, Italy, 98166"]},{"name":"National Research Council (CNR-IPCF) , , V.le F. Stagno d\u2019Alcontres 37 , ,","place":["Messina, Italy, 98158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fortunata","family":"Panzera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Messina , , Viale F. Stagno d\u2019Alcontres 31 , ,","place":["Messina, Italy, 98166"]},{"name":"National Research Council (CNR-IPCF) , , V.le F. Stagno d\u2019Alcontres 37 , ,","place":["Messina, Italy, 98158"]},{"name":"E\u0301cole Normale Supe\u0301rieure Universite\u0301 Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Universite\u0301, Universite\u0301 de Paris , , ,","place":["Paris, France, 75005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100084"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5626-9840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Centi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Messina , , Viale F. Stagno d\u2019Alcontres 31 , ,","place":["Messina, Italy, 98166"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Technology , ,","place":["Beijing, P. R. China, 100081"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3208-1488","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Hassanali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) , Strada Costiera 11 , ,","place":["Trieste, Italy, 34151"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3298-2040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A. 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