{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:11:54Z","timestamp":1788970314602,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52403375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52403375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Major Technological Innovation Program of HUST","award":["2025ZDKJCX06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZDKJCX06"]}]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Program of HUST","award":["2025JCYJ061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JCYJ061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Programmable DNA self-assembly enables nanostructures with custom sizes and architectures from precise DNA origami objects to larger-scale hierarchical assemblies. Crisscross polymerization of DNA slats extends this capability by enabling strictly nucleation-controlled, seed-initiated assembly across length scales, with recent advances demonstrating seed-initiated self-assembly of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and DNA origami monomers via joint-neighbor capture. Here, we expand planar crisscross assemblies to develop the seed-directed assembly of crisscross DNA nanotubes. The nanotube diameter could be programmed by the number of nanoseeds arranged within a circular base structure, with each nanoseed nucleating a local growth sector that follows a defined sequence of slat recruitment. Continued nanotube elongation is favored by DNA strand displacement-driven sealing between neighboring growth sectors, which aligns growth fronts to enable efficient subsequent slat capture and accelerate growth. Furthermore, encoding distinct information in the nuc-x-slats enables self-sorting of assembling components from a shared slat library, allowing the same multinanoseed base structure to produce distinct nanotube architectures, including linear nanotubes nucleated by four nanoseeds and split nanotubes nucleated by two nanoseeds. By extension of crisscross polymerization to tubular geometries, this work opens new opportunities for applications in artificial cytoskeletons and algorithmic assemblies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c10518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:40:31Z","timestamp":1788270031000},"page":"38163-38172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Crisscross DNA Nanotube\nGrowth with Seed-Programmed\nDiameter and Nucleation-Directed Pathways"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430074"]},{"name":"HUST , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430074"]},{"name":"HUST , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9774-1240","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430074"]},{"name":"HUST , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430074"]},{"name":"HUST , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910081721200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.68","article-title":"DNA nanotechnology","volume":"3","author":"Seeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev.\nMater."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026090910081721200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201703721","article-title":"Evolution of Structural\nDNA Nanotechnology","volume":"30","author":"Nummelin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090910081721200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6384","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00570","article-title":"Chemistries for DNA Nanotechnology","volume":"119","author":"Madsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"7082","key":"2026090910081721200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04586","article-title":"Folding\nDNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns","volume":"440","author":"Rothemund","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7245","key":"2026090910081721200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08016","article-title":"Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional\nshapes","volume":"459","author":"Douglas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5941","key":"2026090910081721200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174251","article-title":"Folding\nDNA into twisted and curved\nnanoscale shapes","volume":"325","author":"Dietz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7683","key":"2026090910081721200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24648","article-title":"Programmable\nself-assembly of three-dimensional nanostructures\nfrom 10,000 unique components","volume":"552","author":"Ong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6693","key":"2026090910081721200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/28998","article-title":"Design and self-assembly of two-dimensional\nDNA crystals","volume":"394","author":"Winfree","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7683","key":"2026090910081721200_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24655","article-title":"Fractal assembly\nof micrometre-scale\nDNA origami arrays with arbitrary patterns","volume":"552","author":"Tikhomirov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026090910081721200_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8137","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201404043","article-title":"Single-molecule mechanochemical\nsensing using DNA origami nanostructures","volume":"53","author":"Koirala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090910081721200_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01804-0","article-title":"Engineering\nmodular and tunable single-molecule\nsensors by decoupling sensing from signal output","volume":"20","author":"Grabenhorst","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910081721200_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.240","article-title":"Placing molecules with Bohr radius\nresolution using DNA origami","volume":"11","author":"Funke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"7919","key":"2026090910081721200_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04910-y","article-title":"A DNA origami rotary ratchet motor","volume":"607","author":"Pumm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090910081721200_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-025-02418-0","article-title":"Self-assembled cell-scale\ncontainers\nmade from DNA origami membranes","volume":"25","author":"Karfusehr","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090910081721200_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-01976-3","article-title":"DNA moire superlattices","volume":"20","author":"Jing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910081721200_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56846-2","article-title":"Fully addressable designer superstructures assembled\nfrom one single modular DNA origami","volume":"16","author":"Weck","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910081721200_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07805-7","article-title":"Information-based autonomous reconfiguration\nin systems of interacting DNA nanostructures","volume":"9","author":"Petersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090910081721200_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.256","article-title":"Programmable\ndisorder in random DNA\ntilings","volume":"12","author":"Tikhomirov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090910081721200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2184","article-title":"Stepwise growth\nof surface-grafted DNA nanotubes visualized at the single-molecule\nlevel","volume":"7","author":"Hariri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090910081721200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b08008","article-title":"Self-Assembly of Hierarchical\nDNA Nanotube Architectures with Well-Defined Geometries","volume":"11","author":"Jorgenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090910081721200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4006","DOI":"10.1021\/nl400881w","article-title":"Directing self-assembly\nof DNA nanotubes using programmable\nseeds","volume":"13","author":"Mohammed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026090910081721200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16344","DOI":"10.1021\/ja044319l","article-title":"Design and\ncharacterization of programmable DNA nanotubes","volume":"126","author":"Rothemund","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910081721200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43558-8","article-title":"DNA T-shaped\ncrossover tiles for 2D tessellation and nanoring reconfiguration","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"7748","key":"2026090910081721200_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1014-9","article-title":"Diverse and robust molecular algorithms using reprogrammable\nDNA self-assembly","volume":"567","author":"Woods","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7995","key":"2026090910081721200_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06890-z","article-title":"Pattern recognition\nin the nucleation kinetics of non-equilibrium self-assembly","volume":"625","author":"Evans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5890","key":"2026090910081721200_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1157312","article-title":"Programming\nDNA tube circumferences","volume":"321","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7400","key":"2026090910081721200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11075","article-title":"Complex shapes self-assembled from single-stranded\nDNA tiles","volume":"485","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090910081721200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2083","article-title":"DNA brick\ncrystals with prescribed\ndepths","volume":"6","author":"Ke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026090910081721200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22147","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c04434","article-title":"Modular Assembly of\nHigher-Order DNA Nanotube Tile Nanostructures\nUsing DNA Annular Scaffolds","volume":"148","author":"Zhi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090910081721200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-019-0251-8","article-title":"Autonomous dynamic control of DNA nanostructure self-assembly","volume":"11","author":"Green","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090910081721200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12911","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202101378","article-title":"Reorganization\nof Self-Assembled\nDNA-Based Polymers using Orthogonally Addressable Building Blocks*","volume":"60","author":"Gentile","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"7389","key":"2026090910081721200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10889","article-title":"DNA-based self-assembly of chiral\nplasmonic nanostructures with tailored\noptical response","volume":"483","author":"Kuzyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090910081721200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.132","article-title":"Mechanical\ncoordination in motor\nensembles revealed using engineered artificial myosin filaments","volume":"10","author":"Hariadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090910081721200_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7233","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c10703","article-title":"Bottom-Up\nAssembly of Synthetic Cells with a DNA Cytoskeleton","volume":"16","author":"Jahnke","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"6803","key":"2026090910081721200_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/35035038","article-title":"Logical computation\nusing algorithmic self-assembly of DNA triple-crossover molecules","volume":"407","author":"Mao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090910081721200_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808736106","article-title":"An information-bearing\nseed for nucleating algorithmic self-assembly","volume":"106","author":"Barish","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026090910081721200_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6313","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502210112","article-title":"Rational design of self-assembly\npathways for complex multicomponent structures","volume":"112","author":"Jacobs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026090910081721200_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FD00135H","article-title":"Effects of\nco-ordination number on\nthe nucleation behaviour in many-component self-assembly","volume":"186","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910081721200_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21755-7","article-title":"Robust nucleation\ncontrol via crisscross polymerization of highly coordinated DNA slats","volume":"12","author":"Minev","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090910081721200_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5384","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c00027","article-title":"Regulating DNA Self-Assembly Dynamics\nwith Controlled Nucleation","volume":"15","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090910081721200_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01283-1","article-title":"Multi-micron\ncrisscross structures grown from DNA-origami slats","volume":"18","author":"Wintersinger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910081721200_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c08205","article-title":"Enzyme-Free Exponential\nAmplification\nvia Growth and Scission of Crisscross Ribbons from Single-Stranded\nDNA Components","volume":"146","author":"Ershova","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026090910081721200_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9216","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00097","article-title":"Branching Crisscross\nPolymerization of Single-Stranded DNA Slats","volume":"146","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090910081721200_cit44","unstructured":"Doty, D.; Lee, B. L.; Ste\u0301rin, T.\n          Scadnano: A Browser-Based,\nScriptable Tool for Designing DNA Nanostructures, 2020. arXiv:2005.11841. arXiv.org e-Print archive. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.11841."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090910081721200_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21596","article-title":"NUPACK: Analysis\nand Design of Nucleic Acid Systems","volume":"32","author":"Zadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput.\nChem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090910081721200_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.5c00817","article-title":"NUPACK: Computational\nNucleic Acid Analysis and Design","volume":"15","author":"Fornace","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Synth.\nBiol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090910081721200_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700930104","article-title":"DNA-nanotube-induced\nalignment of\nmembrane proteins for NMR structure determination","volume":"104","author":"Douglas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American\nChemical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jacs.6c10518","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/35\/38163\/67442657\/jacs.6c10518.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/35\/38163\/67442657\/jacs.6c10518.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:27:58Z","timestamp":1788967678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article\/148\/35\/38163\/5332220\/Crisscross-DNA-Nanotube-Growth-with-Seed"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.6c10518","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7863","1520-5126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7863","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]}}}