{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:24:58Z","timestamp":1787153098764,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001851","name":"Ministry of Earth Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MoES\/TRB\/CSMCRI\/108\/2020-PC-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MoES\/TRB\/CSMCRI\/108\/2020-PC-II"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANRF\/ECRG\/2024\/002337\/CS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANRF\/ECRG\/2024\/002337\/CS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2023\/002191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2023\/002191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Council??of??Scientific and Industrial Research, India","award":["CSIR-UGC\/NTA\/ 201610183134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSIR-UGC\/NTA\/ 201610183134"]}]},{"name":"Council??of??Scientific and Industrial Research, India","award":["CSIR-UGC\/NTA\/201610135010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSIR-UGC\/NTA\/201610135010"]}]},{"name":"Council??of??Scientific and Industrial Research, India","award":["HRDG\/YSA-2021\/05\/17(53)22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRDG\/YSA-2021\/05\/17(53)22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The morphology of thin-film composite membranes is encoded during interfacial polymerization (IP) by competing monomer transport and reaction kinetics, yet molecular control remains limited due to their intrinsic coupling. Herein, we show that counterions decouple solvation-controlled transport from transition-state energetics, enabling deterministic control over nonequilibrium thin-film morphogenesis. Using a model polyester IP system, we demonstrate that varying phenoxide counterions (Li+, Na+, K+, TBA+) reveals anomalous energetic trends, with transition-state energies (\u0394G\u2021 \u2248 6.9\u201321.7 kcal mol\u20131) and interfacial partitioning energies (\u0394Gpartition \u2248 11.2\u20130.7 kcal mol\u20131) spanning more than an order of magnitude. Despite faster intrinsic kinetics, Li+ produces ultrathin, smooth films (\u22489.4 nm thickness; Rq \u2248 1.9 nm), whereas TBA+ yields substantially thick films with rough architectures (\u224832 nm; Rq \u2248 27\u201330 nm). This inversion is attributed to a kinetically locked regime, where confined ultrafast reactions suppress reaction\u2013diffusion instabilities before morphological amplification. Consequently, resulting networks exhibit tunable surface roughness (\u223c1.9 to \u223c27 nm). The controlled \u223c14-fold increase in surface roughness from Poly-Li to Poly-TBA yields 75% enhanced water permeance at equivalent solute rejection. These findings establish a predictive energetic framework that connects interfacial energetics to reaction\u2013diffusion instability, membrane morphology, and transport behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c10549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T07:02:24Z","timestamp":1786345344000},"page":"34830-34839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Counterion-Controlled\nNanoscale Morphogenesis in Interfacial\nPolymerization via Decoupled Interfacial Transport and Reaction Kinetics"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Dobariya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute , ,","place":["Bhavnagar, India, 364002"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Ghaziabad, India, 201002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrutha","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute , ,","place":["Bhavnagar, India, 364002"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Ghaziabad, India, 201002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karan","family":"Marvaniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute , ,","place":["Bhavnagar, India, 364002"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Ghaziabad, India, 201002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"K","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute , ,","place":["Bhavnagar, India, 364002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"V Mane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jain (Deemed-to-be University) , , Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura , , ,","place":["Bangalore, Karnataka, India, 562112"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketan","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute , ,","place":["Bhavnagar, India, 364002"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Ghaziabad, India, 201002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2490-3055","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shilpi","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute , ,","place":["Bhavnagar, India, 364002"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Ghaziabad, India, 201002"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070821","article-title":"Self-assembly at all scales","volume":"295","author":"Whitesides","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2496","article-title":"Self-assembly\nand transformation of hybrid nano-objects and nanostructures under\nequilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions","volume":"8","author":"Mann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16018","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.18","article-title":"Materials\nfor next-generation desalination\nand water purification membranes","volume":"1","author":"Werber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev.\nMater."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4638","article-title":"Polymer\nnanofilms with enhanced microporosity by interfacial polymerization","volume":"15","author":"Jimenez-Solomon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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Phys.\nChem."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit11","first-page":"154","volume-title":"Elements of Chemical\nReaction Engineering","author":"Fogler","year":"2016","edition":"5"},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.169670","article-title":"Partition\u2013diffusion\u2013reaction\nbounds for thin-film membrane formation kinetics","volume":"524","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. 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Sci."},{"issue":"44","key":"2026081910223371400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12279","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5b03031","article-title":"Effect of cross-linking on the structure and growth\nof polymer films prepared by interfacial polymerization","volume":"31","author":"Berezkin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"6388","key":"2026081910223371400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar6308","article-title":"Polyamide\nmembranes with nanoscale Turing structures for water purification","volume":"360","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2021.101451","article-title":"Polyamide desalination\nmembranes: Formation, structure,\nand properties","volume":"122","author":"Freger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. 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Commun."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2018.09.011","article-title":"Temperature measurement\nof the reaction zone during\npolyamide film formation by interfacial polymerization","volume":"566","author":"Ukrainsky","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf6122","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf6122","article-title":"When self-assembly\nmeets\ninterfacial polymerization","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c08076","article-title":"Demystifying the role of surfactant in tailoring polyamide morphology\nfor enhanced reverse osmosis performance","volume":"57","author":"Gan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ.\nSci. Technol."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4374","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00803G","article-title":"Empowering ultrathin polyamide membranes\nat the water\u2013energy nexus: strategies, limitations, and future\nperspectives","volume":"53","author":"Sarkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081910223371400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00063","article-title":"The veiled\nimpacts of H+ on interfacial polymerization and its effects\non nanofiltration\nperformance","volume":"10","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadg6134","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg6134","article-title":"Microstructure optimization of bioderived polyester\nnanofilms for antibiotic desalination via nanofiltration","volume":"9","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa5058","article-title":"Sub-10\nnm polyamide nanofilms with\nultrafast solvent transport for molecular separation","volume":"348","author":"Karan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"25","key":"2026081910223371400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9167","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.1c01286","article-title":"New concept of thin-film\ncomposite nanofiltration membrane fabrication using a mist-based interfacial\npolymerization technique","volume":"60","author":"Seah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9009","DOI":"10.1039\/D5MH01420D","article-title":"A data-driven\napproach to interfacial polymerization exploiting machine learning\nfor predicting thin-film composite membrane formation","volume":"12","author":"Ignacz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16863","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.16863","article-title":"Unraveling the film-formation kinetics of interfacial\npolymerization via low coherence interferometry","volume":"66","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2025.124270","article-title":"Time-evolved growth of semi-aromatic polyamide nanofilms and their\nstructure\u2013performance relationship: Mechanistic insights and\nimplications for nanofiltration membrane synthesis","volume":"732","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2023.121997","article-title":"Nanomorphogenesis of\ntemplate-induced crumpled polyamide nanofiltration membranes","volume":"686","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2012.11.015","article-title":"Formation of a thick aromatic polyamide\nmembrane by interfacial polymerisation","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sep.\nPurif. Technol."},{"key":"2026081910223371400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"092104","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0214054","article-title":"Hydrodynamic instability triggered during thin-film\nformation by\ninterfacial polymerization","volume":"36","author":"Ramon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. 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Ed."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American\nChemical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jacs.6c10549","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/32\/34830\/66468790\/jacs.6c10549.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/32\/34830\/66468790\/jacs.6c10549.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:32:48Z","timestamp":1787149968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article\/148\/32\/34830\/5250947\/Counterion-Controlled-Nanoscale-Morphogenesis-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.6c10549","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7863","1520-5126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7863","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]}}}