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Therefore, there is an increasing effort to develop mild synthesis conditions. We report herein a general and convenient pyrazole-flux synthesis that can lead to gram-level production of highly crystalline imide COFs in a mild manner with a short reaction time (5 h) and low reaction temperature (120 \u00b0C) in the absence of any organic solvent, including both synthesis and purification processes. Notably, pyrazole-flux should be the cheapest and mildest among all established organic fluxes, and water can be used to purify the resultant samples in this pyrazole-flux synthesis, rather than using an organic solvent in the established organic-flux methods. Through this pyrazole-flux synthesis, four imide COFs are obtained from the assembly of pyromellitic dianhydride with two types of amine monomers in triangular and tetragonal configurations, confirming the generality of this method. The mechanism involves pyrazole as a nucleophilic catalyst for activating anhydride and then promoting the amidation reaction. As a proof-of-concept application, one imide COF is found to show promising potential for uranium\/rare earth separation and selective extraction of uranium from rare earth slag.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c12938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T15:23:11Z","timestamp":1787412191000},"page":"37434-37445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rapid, Low-Cost, Low-Temperature\nPyrazole-Flux Synthesis\nof Imide Covalent Organic Frameworks for Uranium\/Rare Earth Separation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Nanchang, China, 330013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bohan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Nanchang, China, 330013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianqing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangxi Normal University , , ,","place":["Nanchang, China, 330027"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Nanchang, China, 330013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Nanchang, China, 330013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lele","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100191"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-2754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Feng","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"East China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Nanchang, China, 330013"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090312082578500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.5b00369","article-title":"Chemistry of covalent organic frameworks","volume":"48","author":"Waller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acc. 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