{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:42:04Z","timestamp":1791927724989,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20232007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20232007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22234002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22234002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Shuang Chuang Team","award":["JSSCTD202409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSSCTD202409"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VASPs), characterized by intense inflammation and a thin fibrous cap, pose a high risk for acute cardiovascular events. The conventional technique for their identification is angiography, but it remains challenging for angiography to differentiate VASPs at different stages. Herein, we report an activatable organic probe (RGD-IR-Dimer) for noninvasive dual-modal photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence (FL) differentiation imaging of VASPs at different stages. This probe comprises a near-infrared chromophore, a collagenase-cleavable peptide substrate, and an \u03b1v\u03b23 integrin-targeting cyclic RGD moiety. For early-stage VASPs detection, after being intravenously administered, RGD-IR-Dimer selectively accumulates at atherosclerotic lesions via \u03b1v\u03b23-mediated targeting. High local concentration of RGD-IR-Dimer induces its self-assembly into nanofibers, turning the PA signal \u201con\u201d. In later VASPs, after the PA signal \u201con\u201d, the nanofibers are cleaved by the overexpressed matrix metalloproteinases, triggering a remarkable fluorescence \u201con\u201d and a simultaneous PA \u201coff\u201d. Thus, early-stage VASPs are characterized by an \u201con\u201d PA signal, while the late-stage ones are characterized by an earlier \u201con\u201d PA signal together with a later \u201con\u201d FL signal. In cell models, RGD-IR-Dimer effectively discriminated between early- and late-stage VASPs. Since mouse models lack the neovascular architecture for modeling early-stage lesions, we evaluated the probe behavior in a mouse model of late-stage VASPs as a proof of concept, where it exhibited a time-dependent PA-to-FL signal transition. Our study demonstrates that RGD-IR-Dimer could be a promising probe for the noninvasive detection of high-risk plaques, potentially facilitating its early intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c13308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:28:13Z","timestamp":1788287293000},"page":"38441-38451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Noninvasive Photoacoustic\nand Fluorescence Bimodality\nImaging Differentiation of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques at Different\nStages"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Qiaochu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghao","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , 87 Dingjiaqiao , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0655-6288","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinru","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Dong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8649-7809","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5552-1298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1120-3623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xianbao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6159-9999","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gaolin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.10.035","article-title":"Coronary Atherosclerotic\nPlaque Regression","volume":"79","author":"Dawson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301","article-title":"Endothelial\nCell Dysfunction and\nthe Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis","volume":"118","author":"Gimbrone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031167","article-title":"Detection and Quantification of Symptomatic\nAtherosclerotic Plaques With High-Resolution Imaging in Cryptogenic\nStroke","volume":"51","author":"Fakih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.896","article-title":"Normalized\nwall index, intraplaque\nhemorrhage and ulceration of carotid plaques correlate with the severity\nof ischemic stroke","volume":"315","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30035-3","article-title":"Imaging biomarkers\nof vulnerable carotid plaques for stroke risk prediction and their\npotential clinical implications","volume":"18","author":"Saba","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00769-8","article-title":"Evolving\nconcepts of the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and the vulnerable\npatient: implications for patient care and future research","volume":"20","author":"Gaba","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000087480.94275.97","article-title":"From Vulnerable Plaque\nto Vulnerable Patient","volume":"108","author":"Naghavi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2024.12.004","article-title":"Vulnerable\nor High-Risk\nPlaque","volume":"18","author":"Vergallo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol"},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.11.041","article-title":"The Myth of the \u201cVulnerable\nPlaque","volume":"65","author":"Arbab-Zadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. 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Lab.\nAnal."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000135588.65188.14","article-title":"Unstable Carotid Plaques Exhibit\nRaised Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Activity","volume":"110","author":"Molloy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000196986.50059.e0","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Is Associated With Stable\nand Matrix Metalloproteinases 8 and 9 With Vulnerable Carotid Atherosclerotic\nLesions","volume":"37","author":"Sluijter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202000037","article-title":"A Non-Invasive\nNanoprobe for In Vivo Photoacoustic Imaging of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic\nPlaque","volume":"32","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00148","article-title":"Nanochemistry and Nanomedicine for\nNanoparticle-based Diagnostics and Therapy","volume":"116","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00629-x","article-title":"Macrophage-targeted nanomedicine for the diagnosis and treatment\nof atherosclerosis","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090910101181800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320857","article-title":"Autophagy in Atherosclerosis:\nNot All Foam Cells Are\nCreated Equal","volume":"130","author":"Francis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23923","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c06634","article-title":"Displaying In Vivo \u201cAssembly\u2013Disassembly\u201d\nCascade with \u201cOff\u2013On\u2013Off\u201d Magnetic Resonance\nImaging Signals in Tumor","volume":"147","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41657","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c13182","article-title":"Cell Membrane-Anchored Click Reaction Enhances Porphyrin\nUptake for Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy of Breast Tumors","volume":"147","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202517035","article-title":"Apoptosis-Amplified Intracellular Paclitaxel Nanoparticle Formation\nEnhances Microtubule Aggregation and PANoptosis","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34870","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c14190","article-title":"Spatially Quantitative Imaging of\nEnzyme Activity in a Living Cell","volume":"146","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25462","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c10606","article-title":"Tandem Targeting and Dual Aggregation of an AIEgen for Enhanced Near-Infrared\nFluorescence Imaging of Tumors","volume":"146","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202306427","article-title":"Tandem Guest-Host-Receptor Recognitions Precisely Guide Ciprofloxacin\nto Eliminate Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"62","author":"Zhan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14511","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c03305","article-title":"Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging of\nUrokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Activity in Tumors","volume":"95","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29950","article-title":"Ly-6Chi monocytes\ndominate hypercholesterolemia-associated\nmonocytosis and give rise to macrophages in atheromata","volume":"117","author":"Swirski","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03004-3","article-title":"Assessment of recombinant\ntissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) toxicity in cultured neural cells\nand subsequent treatment with poly-arginine peptide R18D","volume":"45","author":"Kenna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-019-0529-6","article-title":"Fibronectin inhibitor\npUR4 attenuates\ntumor necrosis factor \u03b1\u2013induced endothelial hyperpermeability\nby modulating \u03b21 integrin activation","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.239445","article-title":"Hyperoside\nprotects the blood-brain barrier from neurotoxicity of amyloid beta\n1\u201342","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Regener. Res."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202110660","article-title":"Targeting the Microenvironment of\nVulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques: An Emerging Diagnosis and Therapy\nStrategy for Atherosclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000093185.16083.95","article-title":"Molecular\nImaging of Angiogenesis\nin Early-Stage Atherosclerosis With \u03b1v\u03b23-Integrin\u2013Targeted Nanoparticles","volume":"108","author":"Winter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATV.0000000000000062","article-title":"Recommendation on Design, Execution,\nand Reporting of Animal Atherosclerosis Studies: A Scientific Statement\nFrom the American Heart Association","volume":"37","author":"Daugherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arterioscler.,\nThromb., Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"2026090910101181800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2025.118149","article-title":"Dually quenched and\ntargeting nanoprobe for sensitive and specific\nfluorescence imaging of tumor","volume":"293","author":"Liang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American\nChemical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jacs.6c13308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/35\/38441\/67491897\/jacs.6c13308.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/35\/38441\/67491897\/jacs.6c13308.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:28:20Z","timestamp":1788967700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article\/148\/35\/38441\/5337497\/Noninvasive-Photoacoustic-and-Fluorescence"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.6c13308","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7863","1520-5126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7863","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]}}}