{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:47:43Z","timestamp":1792784863213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791590400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2023YFB4103102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFB4103102"]}]},{"name":"\"Sanjin Talents\" Innovation Team of Natural Science and Technology","award":["2026SWR04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026SWR04"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22272195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22272195"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22322208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22322208"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["U22A20431"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20431"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202203021224009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202203021224009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Selective hydrogenation of CO2 to propane and n-butane is of great interest, as these two compounds are not only primary components of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) but also crucial raw materials for preparing propene and a degradable plastic precursor of succinic acid. Although various composite catalysts combining metal oxides and zeolites have been explored, their catalytic performances remain insufficient. Here, we found that ZnZrOx decorated with ultrasmall FeOx clusters, forming an intimate FeOx\u2013ZnZrOx interfacial structure, showed high catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol due to a strong CO2 adsorption capacity and H2 dissociation ability, and silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve with RHO topological structure enhanced methanol conversion into propane and n-butane via hexamethylbenzenes as active hydrocarbon pool species owing to its unique supercage structure and double eight-membered ring pore opening. As a result, coupling of these two materials delivers a CO2 conversion of \u223c66% and a (propane + n-butane) selectivity of 82% in hydrocarbons, which leads to a (propane + n-butane) yield of \u223c42%. It is surprising that this composite preferentially produces n-butane rather than iso-butane, and the n-butane\/iso-butane ratio is higher than 85.8. The high catalytic stability of this composite is demonstrated by maintaining CO2 conversion, (propane + n-butane) selectivity in hydrocarbons, and their yield of \u223c 61%, \u223c 77%, and \u223c 31%, respectively, after a reaction of 620 h. This work not only fabricates a high-performance catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to propane and n-butane by engineering the metal oxide interfacial structure and manipulating the zeolite\u2019s pore structure and acidity, but also makes it possible to develop an efficient way for preparing propene and succinic acid from CO2 hydrogenation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c14074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:01:53Z","timestamp":1791644513000},"page":"44705-44718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hydrogenation\nof CO2 to Propane and\n                    <i>n<\/i>\n                    -Butane\nby Engineering Metal Oxide Interfacial Structure\nand Manipulating Zeolite Pore Structure and Acidity"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Yingnuo","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, PR China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, PR China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, PR China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6621-5325","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1064-6836","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mei","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5667-3170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]},{"name":"University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , ,","place":["Beijing, PR China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7141-4660","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1050-2165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3693-2857","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Unni","family":"Olsbye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oslo , , P.O. Box 1033 , Blindern, ,","place":["Oslo, Norway, NO-0315"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7362-0348","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weibin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences , , P.O. Box 165 , , ,","place":["Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China, 030001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2017.09.003","article-title":"What should\nwe make\nwith CO2 and how can we make it?","volume":"2","author":"Bushuyev","year":"2018","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9804","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00816","article-title":"Challenges in the greener\nproduction of formates\/formic acid, methanol, and DME by heterogeneously\ncatalyzed CO2 hydrogenation processes","volume":"117","author":"A\u0301lvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cs15008a","article-title":"Recent advances\nin catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adn9388","article-title":"Hydrogenation of CO2 for\nsustainable fuel and chemical production","volume":"387","author":"Ye","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5698","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13638-9","article-title":"CO2 hydrogenation to high-value products\nvia heterogeneous catalysis","volume":"10","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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Ed."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05880-4","article-title":"Selective conversion of CO2 and H2 into aromatics","volume":"9","author":"Ni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6320","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b01466","article-title":"Effect of zeolite topology\nand reactor configuration on the direct conversion of CO2 to light olefins and aromatics","volume":"9","author":"Ramirez","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg2491","article-title":"Disentangling\nthe activity-selectivity trade-off in catalytic conversion of syngas\nto light olefins","volume":"380","author":"Jiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00502H","article-title":"New horizon\nin C1 chemistry: breaking\nthe selectivity limitation in transformation of syngas and hydrogenation\nof CO2 into hydrocarbon chemicals and fuels","volume":"48","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. 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A."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14528","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00981","article-title":"Spinel Nanostructures for the Hydrogenation\nof CO2 to Methanol and Hydrocarbon Chemicals","volume":"146","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24442","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c03380","article-title":"Direct Synthesis\nof para-Xylene from CO2 Hydrogenation with a Record-High\nSpace-Time Yield","volume":"147","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.2c00621","article-title":"Silicalite-1\nLayer Secures the Bifunctional Nature of a CO2 Hydrogenation\nCatalyst","volume":"3","author":"Xing","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb3649","article-title":"A hydrophobic FeMn@Si\ncatalyst increases olefins from syngas by suppressing C1 by-products","volume":"371","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c04155","article-title":"Effective\nSuppression of CO Selectivity for CO2 Hydrogenation to\nHigh-Quality Gasoline","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2020.09.025","article-title":"Selective\nConversion of CO2 into Propene and Butene","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-022-00871-7","article-title":"Highly selective\nhydrogenation of CO2 to propane over GaZrOx\/H-SSZ-13\ncomposite","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enchem.2020.100038","article-title":"Realizing\nefficient carbon dioxide hydrogenation to liquid hydrocarbons by tandem\ncatalysis design","volume":"2","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"EnergyChem"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.3c00734","article-title":"Selectivity control\nby relay catalysis in CO and CO2 hydrogenation to multicarbon\ncompounds","volume":"57","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026102111093235900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11775","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00058","article-title":"The oxygenate-mediated\nconversion of COx to hydrocarbons horizontal line on the\nrole of zeolites in tandem\ncatalysis","volume":"123","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45070","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c13493","article-title":"Enhancement of CO2 hydrogenation\nto light olefins by developing a higher alcohols-intermediate route","volume":"147","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2022.01.004","article-title":"Highly effective conversion of CO2 into light olefins\nabundant in ethene","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202420621","article-title":"Low-temperature CO2 Hydrogenation to Olefins on Anorthic\nNaCoFe Alloy Carbides","volume":"137","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21920","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202009620","article-title":"Highly Selective Olefin Production\nfrom CO2 Hydrogenation on Iron Catalysts: A Subtle Synergy\nbetween Manganese and Sodium Additives","volume":"132","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36259-9","article-title":"COx hydrogenation to methanol and other hydrocarbons under\nmild conditions with Mo3S4@ZSM-5","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50544-1","article-title":"Facet sensitivity of\niron carbides in Fischer\u2013Tropsch synthesis","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2794","article-title":"Direct conversion\nof CO2 into liquid fuels\nwith high selectivity over a bifunctional catalyst","volume":"9","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15174","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15174","article-title":"Directly converting CO2 into a gasoline\nfuel","volume":"8","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20493","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c02684","article-title":"Highly Efficient Assembly-Line Production\nof Long-Chain Hydrocarbons via Fischer\u2013Tropsch Synthesis over\nRu\/TiO2 Catalysts","volume":"147","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202404983","article-title":"The Importance\nof Sintering-Induced Grain Boundaries in Copper Catalysis to Improve\nCarbon-Carbon Coupling","volume":"63","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.10.027","article-title":"Highly Selective Conversion of Carbon\nDioxide to Aromatics over Tandem\nCatalysts","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47270-z","article-title":"Upgrading CO2 to sustainable aromatics via perovskite-mediated\ntandem catalysis","volume":"15","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202316874","article-title":"Hydrogenation of CO2 to\nLight Olefins over ZnZrOx\/SSZ-13","volume":"63","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2025.08.079","article-title":"Selective hydrogenation of CO2 to propene-abundant light olefins over ZnZrOx\/ultra-small\nH-SAPO-34 crystals composite","volume":"112","author":"Qin","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk5195","article-title":"Stable anchoring of single rhodium atoms by indium\nin zeolite alkane\ndehydrogenation catalysts","volume":"383","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adp7379","article-title":"Defective\nTiOx overlayers catalyze propane dehydrogenation promoted\nby base metals","volume":"385","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-025-01320-x","article-title":"Cobaltosilicate zeolite\nbeyond platinum\ncatalysts for propane dehydrogenation","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat.\nCatal."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32432","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c04531","article-title":"Ultralow content\nof chromium species in zeolite for efficient catalytic propane dehydrogenation","volume":"147","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38336-5","article-title":"Selective conversion of CO2 to isobutane-enriched C4 alkanes over InZrOx-Beta composite catalyst","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45793","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c18916","article-title":"Efficient product regulation\nof CO2 hydrogenation\nover an intelligent dual-zeolite system","volume":"147","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J.\nAm. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17991","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5c02333","article-title":"Efficient\nproduction of liquefied petroleum gas from CO2 hydrogenation\nby combining Fe-Al bimetallic catalyst with SSZ-13 zeolite","volume":"15","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2026102111093235900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2014.01.025","article-title":"Direct synthesis of LPG from carbon\ndioxide over hybrid catalysts comprising modified methanol synthesis\ncatalyst and \u03b2-type zeolite","volume":"475","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. 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