{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:48:08Z","timestamp":1792784888728,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JAIS -ZX003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JAIS -ZX003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","award":["CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0084"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2021YFA1502000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1502000"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry","award":["2025-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03ed91q10","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22022502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22022502"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22179012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22179012"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22208034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22208034"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["22672020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22672020"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["52021004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52021004"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Air is commonly used as an oxidizer in proton\u2013exchange membrane fuel cells. However, only 20.9% of air is oxygen and approximately 78% is nitrogen gas, which is inert and is often used to isolate oxygen. We report that N2\u2013phobicity together with confinement\u2013catalysis exponentially increases the power density of H2\u2013air fuel cells by selectively transporting oxygen from the air into a confined space. N2\u2013phobicity originates from a combination of low nitrogen diffusion within ordered 1D pores and the unusual confined nanospace with electron\u2013rich Pt\u2013N states that enhance the electrostatic repulsion force to nitrogen. The resulting fuel cell exhibited the highest mass activity, the lowest durability decline, and a record high current density of 707 mA cm\u20132 at 0.8 V.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c15418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T15:02:56Z","timestamp":1791212576000},"page":"43720-43731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Confinement\u2013Induced\nN2\u2013Phobicity\nEnables O2 Extraction from Air for Catalysis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoyang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-0081","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0456-3532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8001-9729","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zidong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400044"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.10.150","article-title":"Automotive fuel cell\nstack and system efficiency and fuel consumption based on vehicle\ntesting on a chassis dynamometer at minus 18 \u00b0C to positive 35\n\u00b0C temperatures","volume":"45","author":"Lohse-Busch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.02.006","article-title":"Development and comparison of the\ntest methods proposed in the Chinese test specifications for fuel\ncell electric vehicles","volume":"8","author":"Lan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.8b00186","article-title":"Boosting Fuel Cell Performance\nwith Accessible Carbon Mesopores","volume":"3","author":"Yarlagadda","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Energy\nLett."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01170-9","article-title":"Graphene-nanopocket-encaged PtCo nanocatalysts\nfor highly durable fuel cell operation under demanding ultralow-Pt-loading\nconditions","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau0630","article-title":"Ultralow-loading platinum-cobalt fuel cell\ncatalysts derived from imidazolate frameworks","volume":"362","author":"Chong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.09.016","article-title":"Hard-Magnet L10-CoPt\nNanoparticles Advance Fuel Cell Catalysis","volume":"3","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw7493","article-title":"Engineering bunched\nPt-Ni alloy nanocages for efficient oxygen reduction\nin practical fuel cells SI.pdf","volume":"366","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249061","article-title":"Highly\nCrystalline Multimetallic\nNanoframes with Three-Dimensional Electrocatalytic Surfaces","volume":"343","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf9050","article-title":"Ultrafine jagged platinum\nnanowires enable ultrahigh mass activity for the oxygen reduction\nreaction","volume":"354","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2022.107824","article-title":"Highly dispersed L12-Pt3Fe intermetallic particles\nsupported on single atom Fe-N -C active sites for enhanced activity\nand durability towards oxygen reduction","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin.\nChem. Lett."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13208\/j.electrochem.2215003","article-title":"Supperlattice-like\nStrcuture: Ordered Mass Transfer Endows High Quality\nOutput of Fuel Cell","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Electrochem."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202417095","article-title":"Double Confinement Design to Access Highly\nStable Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Fuel Cells","volume":"37","author":"Tian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1039\/D2EE02381D","article-title":"A closely packed Pt1.5Ni1\u2013x\/Ni\u2013N\u2013C\nhybrid for relay catalysis towards oxygen reduction","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3866\/PKU.WHXB202009094","article-title":"Review: Performance of Polymer Electrolyte\nMembrane Fuel Cells at Ultra-low Platinum Loadings","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Phys. Chim. Sin."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3303","article-title":"Toward sustainable fuel\ncells","volume":"354","author":"Stephens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-021-00824-7","article-title":"Bridging the gap between\nhighly active oxygen reduction reaction catalysts and effective catalyst\nlayers for proton exchange membrane fuel cells","volume":"6","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm6304","article-title":"Covalent organic framework-based\nporous ionomers for high-performance fuel cells","volume":"378","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25301-3","article-title":"The role of oxygen-permeable\nionomer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells","volume":"12","author":"Jinnouchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.02.091","article-title":"Effects of\ncarbon supports on Pt distribution, ionomer coverage and cathode performance\nfor polymer electrolyte fuel cells","volume":"315","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Power\nSources"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34489-x","article-title":"Low Pt loading for high-performance\nfuel cell electrodes enabled by hydrogen-bonding microporous polymer\nbinders","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2018.07.099","article-title":"Nanoscale\nsimulation\nof local gas transport in catalyst layers of proton exchange membrane\nfuel cells","volume":"400","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33892-8","article-title":"Designing fuel cell\ncatalyst support for superior catalytic activity and low mass-transport\nresistance","volume":"13","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0487-0","article-title":"Ionomer distribution\ncontrol in porous carbon-supported catalyst layers for high-power\nand low Pt-loaded proton exchange membrane fuel cells","volume":"19","author":"Ott","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25911-x","article-title":"Advancements in cathode\ncatalyst and cathode layer design for proton exchange membrane fuel\ncells","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.121118","article-title":"Property-reactivity\nrelations of N-doped\nPEM fuel cell cathode catalyst supports","volume":"306","author":"Ott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl.\nCatal., B"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2021.230186","article-title":"Ionomer network of catalyst\nlayers for proton exchange membrane fuel cell","volume":"506","author":"Ren","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16313","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201710633","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Anionic\nCyclodextrin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14950","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b06080","article-title":"Imidazole-Linked Crystalline\nTwo-Dimensional Polymer with Ultrahigh Proton-Conductivity","volume":"141","author":"Ranjeesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2317","article-title":"A metal-free polymeric\nphotocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7373","DOI":"10.1021\/ja709992s","article-title":"From Triazines to Heptazines: Deciphering the Local\nStructure of Amorphous Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nitride Materials","volume":"130","author":"Holst","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13549","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5c04074","article-title":"Effect of the Pore Size of Mesoporous\nCarbon Supports for Cathode Catalysts on the Cell Performance of Polymer\nElectrolyte Fuel Cells","volume":"15","author":"Takeshita","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17136","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03713","article-title":"Continuous-Flow Chemical\nSynthesis for Sub-2 nm Ultra-Multielement Alloy Nanoparticles Consisting\nof Group IV to XV Elements","volume":"145","author":"Minamihara","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4997","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b01221","article-title":"Catalytic System Based on Sub-2 nm Pt Particles\nand Its Extraordinary Activity and Durability for Oxygen Reduction","volume":"19","author":"Cheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.06.008","article-title":"A sequential\nhydrogen-adsorption-assisted\nbond-weakening strategy for preparing sub-2-nm ordered Pt alloy nanocrystals","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2020.119728","article-title":"Cross-linked multi-atom\nPt catalyst for highly efficient oxygen reduction catalysis","volume":"284","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Catal, B"},{"key":"2026101414081193800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3866\/PKU.WHXB201911044","article-title":"Electrostatic\nEffect-based Selective\nPermeation Characteristics of Graphene Nanopores","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American\nChemical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jacs.6c15418","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/40\/43720\/68746288\/jacs.6c15418.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/40\/43720\/68746288\/jacs.6c15418.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:29:13Z","timestamp":1792002553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article\/148\/40\/43720\/5444600\/Confinement-Induced-N2-Phobicity-Enables-O2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.6c15418","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7863","1520-5126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7863","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]}}}