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Most current studies rely on ensemble analysis, which fails to capture the unique and critical catalytic kinetics inherent in single nanocatalysts. Herein, we developed an integrated dark-field microscopy (DFM) platform with multimodal analysis capabilities to investigate gas-generating catalysis at the single-nanoparticle level, using the decomposition of H2O2 by MnO2 nanoparticles as a model reaction. By tracking scattering intensity fluctuations, nanobubble localization, and nanoparticle motion, we uncover the dynamic and heterogeneous behavior of individual catalysts. The catalytic activity exhibits intermittent high\/low fluctuations following power-law kinetics, revealing the stochastic nature of single-nanoparticle catalysis. Spatial analysis of nanobubble localization reveals heterogeneous catalytic activity with preferential O2 nanobubble formation at nanoparticle edges and corners. Furthermore, we demonstrate that catalytic gas release induces detectable lateral nanoparticle motion through asymmetric O2 release, offering a mechanical readout of the catalytic activity. Systematic variation in H2O2 concentration and surfactant environment allows us to correlate optical and mechanical signatures with changes in the interfacial chemistry. This comprehensive approach not only improves our understanding of single-nanoparticle catalysis but also provides a framework for studying diverse gas-evolving reactions with potential applications in energy, environmental science, and nanomotor technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c17259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:01:39Z","timestamp":1790892099000},"page":"43907-43915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visualizing Gas-Generating\nCatalysis at the Single-Nanoparticle\nLevel via Dark-Field Microscopy with Multimodal Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"148","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1799-0843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengzhuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlong","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9387-0165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Quli","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0045-2539","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , , 9 Wenyuan Road , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210023"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026101414072504900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11308","article-title":"A prolific catalyst for dehydrogenation of neat formic\nacid","volume":"7","author":"Celaje","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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Soc."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101414072504900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6964","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b01319","article-title":"One-pot defunctionalization\nof lignin-derived compounds\nby dual-functional Pd50Ag50\/Fe3O4\/N-rGO catalyst","volume":"5","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026101414072504900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18570","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c06026","article-title":"Automated\nexploration of heterogeneous catalysis with a gas\u2013solid\nnanoreactor","volume":"14","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"issue":"25","key":"2026101414072504900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11246","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c02682","article-title":"Twin-engine janus supramolecular\nnanomotors with counterbalanced motion","volume":"144","author":"Shao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am.\nChem. 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Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101414072504900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43640-1","article-title":"Direct probing\nof single-molecule chemiluminescent\nreaction dynamics under catalytic conditions in solution","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101414072504900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3029","article-title":"Nanoantenna-enhanced\ngas sensing in a single tailored nanofocus","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"7452","key":"2026101414072504900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12151","article-title":"e. Chemical mapping\nof a single molecule by plasmon-enhanced Raman\nscattering","volume":"498","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101414072504900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b01338","article-title":"Imaging catalytic hotspots on single\nplasmonic nanostructures via correlated super-resolution and electron\nmicroscopy","volume":"12","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101414072504900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3326","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c00206","article-title":"Plasmon-driven modulation\nof reaction pathways of individual Pt-modified Au nanorods","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101414072504900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c01631","article-title":"Single particle hopping\nas an indicator for evaluating electrocatalysts","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101414072504900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12799-x","article-title":"Deciphering nanoconfinement\neffects on molecular orientation and\nreaction intermediate by single molecule imaging","volume":"10","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026101414072504900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13201","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c06020","article-title":"Revealing kinetics of two-electron\noxygen reduction reaction at single-molecule\nlevel","volume":"142","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101414072504900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.021.202100770","article-title":"Fast surface\nrestructuring within the gap of Au nanocube dimer for the enhancement\nof catalytic efficiency","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"CCS Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101414072504900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c18188","article-title":"Transient imaging of\nthe oxygen reduction\nreaction at single nanocatalysts","volume":"148","author":"Ye","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem.\nSoc."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026101414072504900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2008.246","article-title":"Direct observation of chemical reactions\non single gold nanocrystals using surface plasmon spectroscopy","volume":"3","author":"Novo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026101414072504900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10566","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708617114","article-title":"Intermittent\nphotocatalytic activity of single CdS nanoparticles","volume":"114","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101414072504900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1021\/ja210874s","article-title":"Hydrogen-bubble-propelled\nZinc-based\nmicrorockets in strongly acidic media","volume":"134","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am.\nChem. Soc."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101414072504900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-01962-9","article-title":"A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101414072504900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1021\/ja2093663","article-title":"Plasmonic monitoring of catalytic\nhydrogen generation by a single nanoparticle probe","volume":"134","author":"Seo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026101414072504900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2017.07.012","article-title":"Dark field\nmicroscopic analysis of discrete Au nanostructures: Understanding\nthe correlation of scattering with stoichiometry","volume":"684","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026101414072504900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14277","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b08523","article-title":"An effective way to\nstudy gas-generating catalysis on a single nanoparticle","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101414072504900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/catal12070764","article-title":"Single-particle measurements of nanocatalysis\nwith dark-field microscopy","volume":"12","author":"Shang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Catalysts"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101414072504900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.45.000572","article-title":"Scattering\nof light by an air bubble in water","volume":"45","author":"Davis","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Opt.\nSoc. Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101414072504900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1021\/nl4003238","article-title":"Evolution of light-induced\nvapor generation at a liquid-immersed metallic nanoparticle","volume":"13","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101414072504900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1039\/C0SM00558D","article-title":"Very\nsmall bubbles at surfaces-the nanobubble puzzle","volume":"7","author":"Craig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"0","key":"2026101414072504900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FD00099A","article-title":"Electrochemistry of single nanobubbles. Estimating\nthe critical size of bubble-forming nuclei for gas-evolving electrode\nreactions","volume":"193","author":"German","year":"2016","journal-title":"Faraday Discuss."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101414072504900_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5008","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.0c01129","article-title":"Hydrogen evolution reaction monitored\nby electrochemiluminescence\nblinking at single-nanoparticle level","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano\nLett."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101414072504900_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.18","article-title":"Quantitative super-resolution\nimaging uncovers reactivity patterns on single nanocatalysts","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026101414072504900_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5630","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.8b02302","article-title":"Revealing\nthe activity distribution\nof a single nanocatalyst by locating single nanobubbles with super-resolution\nmicroscopy","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026101414072504900_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15509","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA00952E","article-title":"Surface properties of \u03b1-MnO2:\nrelevance to catalytic and supercapacitor behaviour","volume":"2","author":"Tompsett","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026101414072504900_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9539","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA09455E","article-title":"Theoretical study on NOx adsorption\nproperties over the \u03b1-MnO2(110) surface","volume":"10","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American\nChemical Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jacs.6c17259","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/40\/43907\/68730688\/jacs.6c17259.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article-pdf\/148\/40\/43907\/68730688\/jacs.6c17259.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:19:32Z","timestamp":1792001972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jacsat\/article\/148\/40\/43907\/5443609\/Visualizing-Gas-Generating-Catalysis-at-the-Single"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"40","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.6c17259","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-7863","1520-5126"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-7863","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5126","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}}}