{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:16:16Z","timestamp":1788455776688,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R61CA281667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R61CA281667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ambient ionization mass spectrometry includes numerous techniques, many of which are useful for analyzing lipids in biological samples. We report the development of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-driven laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) platform, a novel ambient ionization method for the direct analysis of lipid mixtures. Detailed structural lipid annotation remains challenging due to the structural diversity of lipids. Previous research has shown that a TENG-driven dual nanoelectrospray ionization (nESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mechanism helps localize lipid double bonds. In this study, we integrated infrared (IR) laser ablation with TENG nESI (TENG-LAESI). This novel ionization platform can ablate and ionize neutral lipids, including cholesterol and its derivatives, unsaturated fatty acids, and complex lipid mixtures. Rapid MS analysis reveals distinct ionization regimes within each TENG pulse and provides temporal resolution for various sterol species. Critically, the APCI stage drives epoxidation of fatty acid double bonds, generating diagnostic fragmentation patterns that enable reagent-free double-bond position assignment through tandem MS experiments, without chemical derivatization. Lastly, a novel TENG device was created and compared to existing designs, showing increased epoxidation efficiency and ionization potential. These experiments demonstrate the analytical potential of TENG-LAESI for structural lipid annotation and establish a foundation for its future development as a spatially resolved ambient MS imaging platform.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.6c00123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T14:02:14Z","timestamp":1785852134000},"page":"2085-2093","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Triboelectric Nanogenerator-Driven Laser Ablation\nElectrospray Ionization Enables Neutral Lipid Ionization and in Situ\nDouble-Bond Localization"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9972-564X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Corstvet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1683-9807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Leontyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7058-0165","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Virginia , , , ,","place":["Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22904"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5020-0583","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carter K.","family":"Asef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, GA, USA, 30342"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Petros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, GA, USA, 30342"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0302-2534","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Facundo M.","family":"Ferna\u0301ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332"]},{"name":"Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience , , ,","place":["Atlanta, GA, USA, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5695","key":"2026090311510815800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104404","article-title":"Mass spectrometry\nsampling under ambient conditions with desorption electrospray ionization","volume":"306","author":"Takats","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090311510815800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1021\/ac050162j","article-title":"Versatile new ion source for the\nanalysis of materials in open air under ambient conditions","volume":"77","author":"Cody","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. 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Chem."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090311510815800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN00700K","article-title":"Ambient\nmass spectrometry in metabolomics","volume":"142","author":"Clendinen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090311510815800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-013-0608-y","article-title":"Data-independent\nmicrobial metabolomics with ambient ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"24","author":"Rath","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. 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Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026090311510815800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01646","article-title":"Metabolic\nNoise and Distinct Subpopulations\nObserved by Single Cell LAESI Mass Spectrometry of Plant Cells in\nsitu","volume":"9","author":"Stopka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"48","key":"2026090311510815800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17741","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.3c03651","article-title":"High-Throughput\nf-LAESI-IMS-MS for Mapping Biological Nitrogen Fixation One Cell at\na Time","volume":"95","author":"Dolatmoradi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. 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Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090311510815800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S1044-0305(98)00085-3","article-title":"Evaluation\nof a dual electrospray ionization\/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization\nsource at low flow rates (\u223c50 \u03bcL\/min) for the analysis\nof both highly and weakly polar compounds","volume":"9","author":"Siegel","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\nAm. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090311510815800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2017.17","article-title":"Triboelectric\nnanogenerators for sensitive nano-coulomb molecular mass spectrometry","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026090311510815800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2023.117167","article-title":"Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Low-Cost\nPower Supplies for Improved Electrospray Ionization","volume":"495","author":"Vallejo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Mass Spectrom."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090311510815800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/mas.21712","article-title":"Plasma-based ambient mass spectrometry:\nRecent progress and applications","volume":"42","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mass Spectrom.\nRev."},{"issue":"39","key":"2026090311510815800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911883116","article-title":"Spontaneous generation\nof hydrogen peroxide from aqueous microdroplets","volume":"116","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026090311510815800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8423","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.2c04052","article-title":"Flexible Microtube Plasma for the\nConsecutive-Ionization\nof Cholesterol in Nano-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry","volume":"95","author":"Foest","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090311510815800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.4c00045","article-title":"Low-Temperature Plasma\nPretreatment Enhanced Cholesterol\nDetection in Brain by Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry\nImaging","volume":"35","author":"Rahman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. 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