{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T17:15:22Z","timestamp":1788455722033,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The existence of water ice at the lunar south pole has become a major topic in contemporary deep-space exploration. China\u2019s Chang\u2019e-7 lunar mission is scheduled for launch in 2026. One of its primary scientific objectives is to conduct an in situ investigation of water ice within a permanently shadowed crater at the lunar south pole. The candidate landing site is located near the Shackleton crater. During the exploration, lunar regolith samples will be drilled to a depth of approximately 1 m within the permanently shadowed crater at the lunar south pole and transferred to a furnace to be heated to 200 \u00b0C. The H2O and other volatile components released during heating will be introduced into the LSWMA, Lunar Soil Water Molecule Analyzer, which will measure the composition and amount of gases released from the lunar regolith. We developed the LSWMA and established a ground-based mass spectrometer calibration device capable of calibrating gas\u2013liquid mixtures. The flight model of the mass spectrometer was calibrated using CO2 and H2O under different temperatures and inlet pressures. The sensitivity of CO2, S*(I\/p)CO2, and the sensitivity of H2O, S*(I\/p)H2O, were obtained under different pressures and temperatures, and the relative sensitivity of CO2 to H2O, Sr, was then calculated. Under molecular-flow inlet conditions, the mass spectrometer\u2019s relative sensitivity remains constant. Based on this principle, the sensitivity of H2O can be extrapolated from the sensitivity of CO2 under on-orbit conditions. Ultimately, this allows for the accurate inversion of the partial pressure of H2O gas in the tubing assembly and the H2O content of the lunar soil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.6c00327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T06:02:08Z","timestamp":1786687328000},"page":"2238-2246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Calibration of the\nMass Spectrometer of China\u2019s\nChang\u2019E-7 Lunar Soil Water Molecule Analyzer"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6460-9636","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meiru","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Detian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4065-1356","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhengyi","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenze","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongxue","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juncheng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhong","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongzheng","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanzhou Institute of Physics , , , ,","place":["Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026090311505385300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.11728\/cjss2023.02.2022-0069","article-title":"Review of Comprehensive Exploitation Technology of Lunar Water Ice\nResource","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Space Sci."},{"key":"2026090311505385300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-earth-040722-100453","article-title":"Lunar Evolution\nin Light of the Chang\u2019e-5 Returned Samples","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090311505385300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1601","article-title":"Direct Measurement\nof Hydroxyl in the Lunar Regolith\nand the Origin of Lunar Surface Water","volume":"5","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat.\nGeosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090311505385300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33095-1","article-title":"Chang\u2019E-5\nSamples Reveal High Water Content in Lunar Minerals","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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Res."},{"key":"2026090311505385300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2025.05.047","article-title":"Moon Landing Results\nof SLIM: A Smart Lander for Investigating the\nMoon","volume":"235","author":"Sakai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"2026090311505385300_cit12","unstructured":"Ohtake, M.; Morota, T.; Ishihara, Y.; Inoue, H.; Mizuno, H.; Hoshino, T.; Aso, D.\n          Objectives, Instruments,\nand Operation\nPlan of the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission Jointly Planned by India\nand Japan. In  56th Lunar and Planetary Science\nConference; Lunar and Planetary Institute: The Woodlands, TX, 2025; Vol. 3090, Abstract 1918."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090311505385300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3847\/PSJ\/ad9927","article-title":"The Peregrine\nIon Trap Mass Spectrometer (PITMS): Results from a CLPS-Delivered\nMass Spectrometer","volume":"6","author":"Cohen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Planet. Sci. J."},{"key":"2026090311505385300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actaastro.2025.08.021","article-title":"DSMC Analysis\nof Astrobotic\u2019s Peregrine Mission-1: MON-25 Leak and Water\nOutgassing","volume":"237","author":"Boccelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Astronaut."},{"key":"2026090311505385300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhodes, B. L.; Morehead, R.\n          IM-1 Lunar Landing\nPowered Descent: Propulsion System Flight Data and Analysis.In  AIAA AVIATION Forum and ASCEND 2025; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics: Reston, VA, 2025; Paper\n2025\u20134125.","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2025-4125"},{"key":"2026090311505385300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-025-02668-7","article-title":"Lunar Surface\nand Subsurface Water\nRevealed by Chang\u2019e-6","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Astron."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090311505385300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nwad329","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwad329","article-title":"Scientific Objectives and Payload Configuration of\nthe Chang\u2019E-7 Mission","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Natl. Sci. 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Acta"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2026090311505385300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-012-9879-z","article-title":"The Sample Analysis at Mars Investigation\nand Instrument Suite","volume":"170","author":"Mahaffy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2026090311505385300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-004-1408-2","article-title":"The\nCassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer\n(INMS) Investigation","volume":"114","author":"Waite","year":"2004","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090311505385300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1021\/jasms.9b00092","article-title":"Design\nof a Compact Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer for Space Application","volume":"31","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"2026090311505385300_cit24","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Vacuum Technology\u2500Vacuum\nGauges\u2500Characterization of Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers for\nPartial Pressure Measurement; ISO\/TS 20177:2018","author":"International Organization for Standardization.","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American\nSociety for Mass Spectrometry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/jasms.6c00327","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jamsef\/article-pdf\/37\/9\/2238\/66540843\/jasms.6c00327.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jamsef\/article-pdf\/37\/9\/2238\/66540843\/jasms.6c00327.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:22:27Z","timestamp":1788452547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/jamsef\/article\/37\/9\/2238\/5255138\/Calibration-of-the-Mass-Spectrometer-of-China-s"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jasms.6c00327","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-0305","1879-1123"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-0305","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-1123","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]}}}