{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:08:59Z","timestamp":1791947339081,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Langmuir"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,5]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/la104403w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,3]],"date-time":"2011-03-03T18:56:51Z","timestamp":1299178611000},"page":"4249-4256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Tunable Wetting Mechanism of Polypyrrole Surfaces and Low-Voltage Droplet Manipulation via Redox"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yao-Tsan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hwan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eui-Hyeok","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.77.977","volume":"77","author":"Squires T. M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"issue":"7101","key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/442367a","volume":"442","author":"Daw R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.36.050802.122124","volume":"36","author":"Stone H. A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"7101","key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05058","volume":"442","author":"Whitesides G. M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fluid.36.050802.122052","volume":"37","author":"Darhuber A. A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"068301","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.94.068301","volume":"94","author":"Sumino Y.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"11","key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4437","DOI":"10.1021\/la025616b","volume":"18","author":"Jones T. B.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1039\/b715524g","volume":"8","author":"Teh S. Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-0294(00)00085-6","volume":"6","author":"Quilliet C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"28","key":"ref10\/cit10","first-page":"R705","volume":"17","author":"Mugele F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2005.855890","volume":"25","author":"Lienemann J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integrated Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1039\/b821508a","volume":"9","author":"Gaurav J. S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2006.04.050","volume":"134","author":"Berthier J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, A"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","unstructured":"He, R.; Kim, C. J.A low temperature vacuum package utilizing porous alumina thin film encapsulation;Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Istanbul, 2006; pp126\u2212129."},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1039\/b706364b","volume":"7","author":"Stefan H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-007-0161-8","volume":"3","author":"Fair R. B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluid."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4080","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1504171","volume":"92","author":"Moon H.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yun, K. S.; Kim, C. J.Low-voltage elctrostatic actuation of droplet on thin superhydrophobic nanoturf. InProceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), Kobe, 2007; pp139\u2212142.","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMSYS.2007.4433035"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasudev, A.; Zhe, J.A low voltage capillary microgripper using electrowetting;TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 15th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems,Denver, CO,2009; pp825\u2212828.","DOI":"10.1109\/SENSOR.2009.5285747"},{"issue":"5398","key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5398.57","volume":"283","author":"Gallardo B. S.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2005.04.001","volume":"151","author":"Causley J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2006.04.001","volume":"515","author":"Isaksson J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200306131","volume":"16","author":"Isaksson J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"18","key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11137","DOI":"10.1021\/la900835w","volume":"25","author":"Halldorsson J. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420067156","volume-title":"Conductive Electroactive Polymers: Intelligent Polymer Systems","author":"Wallace G. G.","year":"2008","edition":"3"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2006.11.009","volume":"201","author":"Tietje-Girault J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/9\/1\/001","volume":"9","author":"Smela E.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Micromech. Microeng."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2009.07.006","volume":"155","author":"Teh K. S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators, A"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, Y.; Teh, K. S.; Lu, Y. W.Wellability switching technique of a biocompatible polymer;Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2009; pp459\u2212462.","DOI":"10.1109\/MEMSYS.2009.4805418"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","unstructured":"Tsai, Y. T.; Choi, C. H.; Yang, E. H.Droplet actuation in PPy redox process;TechConnect World Conference and Expo,Anaheim, CA;Jun 21\u221225, 2010; pp476\u2212479."},{"issue":"37","key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6009","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200500868","volume":"44","author":"Xu L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-6779(95)03303-3","volume":"72","author":"Torresi R. M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-6779(94)02320-X","volume":"72","author":"Matencio T.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Synth. Met."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2006.03.008","volume":"137","author":"Lim T. T.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hazardous Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200500842","volume":"27","author":"Zhang J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2738(03)00007-9","volume":"159","author":"Skaarup S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Solid State Ionics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-8686(01)00087-2","volume":"96","author":"Nikolov A. D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","unstructured":"Berthier, J.Microdrops and Digital Microfluidics;William Andrew Inc.:Norwick, NY, 2008; p350."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1021\/jp802937v","volume":"113","author":"Wang X.","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6162","DOI":"10.1021\/la804118y","volume":"25","author":"Maillard M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1021\/la00086a025","volume":"5","author":"Brochard F.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5395","DOI":"10.1021\/ja994076a","volume":"122","author":"Lee S.-W.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1021\/j100903a002","volume":"42","author":"Andreas J. M.","year":"1938","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"issue":"5063","key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1126\/science.256.5063.1539","volume":"256","author":"Chaudhury M. K.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429A","DOI":"10.1021\/ac053496h","volume":"77","author":"Mukhopadhyay R.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"19","key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5097","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0342673","volume":"75","author":"Yoon J. Y.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-1611-3-6","volume":"3","author":"Han J.-H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Eng."},{"issue":"20","key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7690","DOI":"10.1021\/ac8009802","volume":"80","author":"Nanayakkara Y. S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","unstructured":"Fair, R. B.; Srinivasan, V.; Ren, H.; Paik, P.; Pamula, V. K.; Pollack, M. G.InElectrowetting-Based On-Chip Sample Processing for Integrated Microfluidics, Washington, DC, 2003; pp779\u2212782."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-121108-145558","volume":"42","author":"Rothstein J. P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.matsci.38.060407.132434","volume":"38","author":"Quere D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mater. Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9893","DOI":"10.1021\/la048612a","volume":"20","author":"Petrie R. J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat715","volume":"1","author":"Quere D.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.57.827","volume":"57","author":"de Gennes P. G.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev. Mod. Phys."},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.matsci.38.060407.132451","volume":"38","author":"Rauscher M.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mater. Res"}],"container-title":["Langmuir"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/la104403w","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T05:52:02Z","timestamp":1740981122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/la104403w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/la104403w"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/la104403w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-7463","1520-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-7463","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,3]]}}}