{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:00:11Z","timestamp":1793048411484,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1043,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The structure of liquid water and 2-propanol on the (104) surface of calcite (CaCO3) was probed by frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy. The microscope tip scanned each liquid to record the tip\u2013surface force perturbed by the liquid structure at the interface. In water, the force distribution on planes cross-sectional to the surface presents a 0.5-nm-thick checkerboard-like pattern matching the corrugated topography of the calcite surface. This provides evidence that the local water density was laterally and vertically modulated. With 2-propanol, a laterally uniform, vertically layered structure was found between the first laterally structured layer and the bulk liquid. These results are consistent with the density distributions of water and ethanol proposed in earlier X-ray and simulation studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/la402090w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T23:58:05Z","timestamp":1374710285000},"page":"10744-10751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Water and 2-Propanol Structured on Calcite\n(104) Probed by Frequency-Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Hirotake","family":"Imada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kobe University Department of Chemistry, School of Science, , Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenjiro","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kobe University Department of Chemistry, School of Science, , Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Onishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kobe University Department of Chemistry, School of Science, , Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1021\/cm0519028","article-title":"Polymorph\nDiscrimination of CaCO3 Mineral in an Ethanol\/Water Solution:\nFormation of Complex Vaterite Superstructures and Aragonite Rods","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14520","DOI":"10.1021\/la100670k","article-title":"Interaction\nof Ethanol and Water with the {10\u201314} Surface of Calcite","volume":"26","author":"Cooke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(93)90449-7","article-title":"Step Dynamics and Spiral Growth on\nCalcite","volume":"57","author":"Gratz","year":"1993","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(00)00341-0","article-title":"Kinetics of Calcite\nGrowth: Surface Processes and Relationships to Macroscopic Rate Laws","volume":"64","author":"Teng","year":"1994","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrysgro.2010.01.041","article-title":"Relation between Etch-Pit\nMorphology and Step Retreat Velocity on a Calcite Surface in Aspartic\nAcid Solution","volume":"312","author":"Yoshino","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cryst. Growth"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(94)90176-7","article-title":"Calcite Surface Structure Observed\nat Microtopographic and Molecular Scales with Atomic Force Microscopy\n(AFM)","volume":"58","author":"Stipp","year":"1994","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. 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Commun."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1021\/jp910977a","article-title":"Derivation of an\nAccurate Force-Field for Simulating the Growth of Calcium Carbonate\nfrom Aqueous Solution: A New Model for the Calcite\u2013Water Interface","volume":"114","author":"Raiteri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1021\/ct3008342","article-title":"Free Energy Approaches for Modeling\nAtomic Force Microscopy in Liquids","volume":"9","author":"Reischl","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chem.\nTheory Comput."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"053704","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1896938","article-title":"Development of Low Noise Cantilever\nDeflection Sensor\nfor Multienvironment Frequency-Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy","volume":"76","author":"Fukuma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194705","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3408289","article-title":"Visualizing\nWater Molecule Distribution by Atomic Force\nMicroscopy","volume":"132","author":"Kimura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"016101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.016101","article-title":"Atomic-Scale Distribution\nof Water Molecules at the Mica-Water Interface Visualized by Three-Dimensional\nScanning Force Microscopy","volume":"104","author":"Fukuma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21423","DOI":"10.1021\/jp1057447","article-title":"Aqueous Solution Structure over \u03b1-Al2O3(011\u03052) Probed by Frequency-Modulation Atomic\nForce Microscopy","volume":"114","author":"Hiasa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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Mag."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8295","DOI":"10.1021\/la904706p","article-title":"Clear Signature of the (2 \u00d7\n1) Reconstruction of Calcite (101\u03054)","volume":"26","author":"Schu\u0308tte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1667267","article-title":"Accurate Formulas\nfor Interaction Force and Energy\nin Frequency Modulation Force Spectroscopy","volume":"84","author":"Sader","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154703","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4800770","article-title":"A Simple Approximation for Forces Exerted on an AFM\nTip in Liquid","volume":"138","author":"Watkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit39","unstructured":"Marutschke, C.; Walters, D.; Cleaveland, J.; Ku\u0308hnle, A.\n          2D-Mapping\non the 10\u201314 Surface of Calcite.  Abstract\nof 4th International Workshop on Advanced Atomic Force Microscopy\nTechniques; Karlsruhe, Germany, March 4\u20135, 2013."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9013","DOI":"10.1021\/nn303229j","article-title":"Spatial Distribution\nof Lipid Headgroups and Water Molecules at Membrane\/Water Interfaces\nVisualized by Three-Dimensional Scanning Force Microscopy","volume":"6","author":"Asakawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphys.2013.02.021","article-title":"Sub-Nanometer-Resolution\nImaging of Peptide Nanotubes in Water Using Frequency Modulation Atomic\nForce Microscopy","volume":"419","author":"Sugihara","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3697(62)90536-X","article-title":"Protons, Dipoles,\nand Charge Carriers in Rutile","volume":"23","author":"Von Hippel","year":"1962","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem.\nSolids"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135706","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/23\/13\/135706","article-title":"Atomic-resolution\nImaging in Liquid by Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy\nUsing Small Cantilevers with Megahertz-Order Resonance Frequencies","volume":"23","author":"Fukuma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196101","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.196101","article-title":"Mechanism of Contrast\nFormation in Atomic Force Microscopy\nin Water","volume":"105","author":"Watkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035414","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.82.035414","article-title":"Tip-Sample Interaction Force Mediated by Water Molecules\nfor AFM in Water: Three-Dimensional Reference Interaction Site Model\nTheory","volume":"82","author":"Harada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1021\/nn103454m","article-title":"Structure and Orientation of Interfacial\nWater Determine Atomic Force Microscopy Results: Insights from Molecular\nDynamics Simulations","volume":"5","author":"Argyris","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12584","DOI":"10.1039\/c1cp21021a","article-title":"Role of Water in Atomic Resolution\nAFM in Solutions","volume":"13","author":"Watkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10433","DOI":"10.1021\/jp400370g","article-title":"Hydration Structure\nat the \u03b1-Al2O3 (0001) Surface: Insights\nfrom Experimental Atomic Force Spectroscopic Data and Atomistic Molecular\nDynamics Simulations","volume":"117","author":"Argyris","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L52","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.35.L52","article-title":"Atomic\nForce Microscopic Study of Subsurface Ordering and Structural Transforms\nin n-Alcohol on Mica and Graphite","volume":"35","author":"Nakada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7757(98)00273-8","article-title":"AFM Studies of Interaction Forces\nbetween Surfaces in Alcohol\u2013Water Solutions","volume":"139","author":"Kanda","year":"1998","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1999.6311","article-title":"Adhesive Force between Hydrophilic\nSurfaces in Alcohol\u2013Water Solutions","volume":"216","author":"Kanda","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026090220444471800_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1021\/jp012541w","article-title":"Confined Liquids: Solvation Forces in Liquid Alcohols\nbetween Solid Surfaces","volume":"106","author":"Franz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. 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