{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T01:15:54Z","timestamp":1788398154845,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,31]],"date-time":"2015-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A novel, solution-based method is presented to prepare bifunctional gold nanorods (B-NRs), assemble B-NRs end-to-end in various solvents, and disperse linked B-NRs in a polymer matrix. The B-NRs have poly(ethylene glycol) grafted along its long axis and cysteine adsorbed to its ends. By controlling cysteine coverage, bifunctional ligands or polymer can be end-grafted to the AuNRs. Here, two dithiol ligands (C6DT and C9DT) are used to link the B-NRs in organic solvents. With increasing incubation time, the nanorod chain length increases linearly as the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance shifts toward lower adsorption wavelengths (i.e., red shift). Analogous to step-growth polymerization, the polydispersity in chain length also increases. Upon adding poly(ethylene glycol) or poly(methyl methacrylate) to chloroform solution with linked B-NR, the nanorod chains are shown to retain end-to-end linking upon spin-casting into PEO or PMMA films. Using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), the mechanism of nanorod linking is investigated on planar gold surfaces. At submonolayer coverage of cysteine, C6DT molecules can insert between cysteines and reach an areal density of 3.4 molecules per nm2. To mimic the linking of Au NRs, this planar surface is exposed to cysteine-coated Au nanoparticles, which graft at 7 NPs per \u03bcm2. This solution-based method to prepare, assemble, and disperse Au nanorods is applicable to other nanorod systems (e.g., CdSe) and presents a new strategy to assemble anisotropic particles in organic solvents and polymer coatings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/la404588w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]],"date-time":"2014-01-31T05:06:37Z","timestamp":1391144797000},"page":"1906-1914","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Gold Nanorod Linking to Control Plasmonic Properties\nin Solution and Polymer Nanocomposites"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"30","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert C.","family":"Ferrier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , 220 South 33rd Street , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Su","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, , and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, , 3231 Walnut Street , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , 3620 Hamilton Walk , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , 3620 Hamilton Walk , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J. A.","family":"Hore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, , and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, , 3231 Walnut Street , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Caporizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, , and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, , 3231 Walnut Street , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Eckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , 3620 Hamilton Walk , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]},{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , 3620 Hamilton Walk , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell J.","family":"Composto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, , and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, , 3231 Walnut Street , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7540","DOI":"10.1021\/ja902226z","article-title":"Stimuli-Responsive SERS Nanoparticles: Conformational\nControl of Plasmonic Coupling and Surface Raman Enhancement","volume":"131","author":"Qian","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1021\/jp026770+","article-title":"Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Studies on Aggregated\nGold Nanorods","volume":"107","author":"Nihoobakht","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0808435","article-title":"Band-Selective Optical\nPolarizer Based on Gold-Nanowire Plasmonic Diffraction Gratings","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1088\/1464-4258\/7\/2\/015","article-title":"Polarization Effects in the Linear and Nonlinear Optical\nResponses of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays","volume":"7","author":"Canfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Opt.\nA"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2008.27","article-title":"Nanochemical Control of an Optical\nAntenna","volume":"2","author":"Merlein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Photonics"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1021\/cm020732l","article-title":"Preparation and Growth Mechanism\nof Gold Nanorods (NRs)\nUsing Seed-Mediated Growth Method","volume":"15","author":"Nikoobakht","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6414","DOI":"10.1021\/la049463z","article-title":"Seeded High Yield Synthesis of Short\nAu Nanorods in\nAqueous Solution","volume":"20","author":"Sau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1021\/nl900034v","article-title":"Plasmon Coupling of\nGold Nanorods at Short Distances and in Different Geometries","volume":"9","author":"Funston","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0544179","article-title":"Gold Nanorods to\nNanochains: Mechanistic Investigations on Their Longitudinal Assembly\nUsing \u03b1,\u03c9\u2013Alkanedithiols and Interplasmon Coupling","volume":"110","author":"Joseph","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1021\/la802845b","article-title":"Linear Assembly of Au Nanorods Using\nBiomimetic Ligands","volume":"25","author":"Sethi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13914","DOI":"10.1021\/ja037969i","article-title":"Preferential\nEnd-to-End\nassembly of Gold Nanorods by Biotin-Streptavidin Connectors","volume":"125","author":"Caswell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1039\/b414059a","article-title":"Oriented Assembly of\nAu Nanorods Using Biorecognition System","author":"Chang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem.\nCommun."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6516","DOI":"10.1021\/ja051145e","article-title":"Shibu; Thomas, K.\nG. Selective Detection of Cysteine\nand Glutathione Using Gold Nanorods","volume":"127","author":"Sudeep","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am.\nChem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1954","article-title":"Self-Assembly of Metal-Polymer Analogues\nof Amphiphilic\nTriblock Copolymers","volume":"6","author":"Nie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. 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Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6941","DOI":"10.1021\/nn101725j","article-title":"Nanorod Self-Assembly\nfor Tuning Optical Absorption","volume":"4","author":"Hore","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1021\/ma302461h","article-title":"Dispersion of Polymer\nGrafted Nanorods in Homopolymer Films: Theory and Experiment","volume":"46","author":"Fischknecht","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544A","DOI":"10.1021\/ed081p544A","article-title":"Color My Nanoworld","volume":"81","author":"McFarland","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chem.\nEduc."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8124","DOI":"10.1021\/ma8009307","article-title":"In Situ Study of Polymer Brushes as\nSelective Barriers to Diffusion","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200600031","article-title":"Genzer; Salt-Induced\nDepression of Lower Critical Solution Temperature in a Surface-Grafted\nNeutral Thermoresponsive Polymer","volume":"27","author":"Jhon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Macromol.\nRapid Commun."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01337937","volume":"155","author":"Sauerbrey","year":"1959","journal-title":"Z. Phys."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12685","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0481005","article-title":"Effect\nof Film Thickness\non the Validity of the Sauerbrey Equation for Hydrated Polyelectrolyte\nFilms","volume":"108","author":"Vogt","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5796","DOI":"10.1021\/ac0106501","article-title":"Variations in Coupled\nWater, Viscoelastic Properties,\nand Film Thickness of a Mefp-1 Protein Film During Adsorption and\nCross-Linking: A Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring,\nEllipsometry, and Surface Plasmon Resonance Study","volume":"73","author":"Hook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.11.001491","article-title":"Discrete\nDipole Approximation for Scattering Calculation","volume":"11","author":"Flatau","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit29","unstructured":"Draine, B. T.; Flatau, P. J.\n          User Guide to the\nDiscrete Dipole Approximation Code DDSCAT 7.1 2010; arXiv.org\ne-print archive; http:\/\/arXiv.org\/abs\/1002.1505v1 (accessed 2012)."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit30","author":"Weaver","year":"1981"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102032","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3116139","article-title":"Discrete\nDipole Approximation Simulations of Gold Nanorod Optical Properties:\nChoice of Input Parameters and Comparison with Experiment","volume":"105","author":"Ungureanu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1021\/jp990183f","article-title":"Simulation\nof the Optical Absorption\nSpectra of Gold Nanorods as a Function of Their Aspect Ratio and the\nEffect of the Medium Dielectric Constant","volume":"103","author":"Link","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\nPhys. Chem. B."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5233","DOI":"10.1021\/la800305j","article-title":"Shape- and Size-Dependent\nRefractive Index Sensitivity of Gold Nanoparticles","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1021\/jz1002154","article-title":"Evidence\nfor hydrogen-Bonding-Directed Assembly of Gold Nanorods in Aqueous\nSolution","volume":"1","author":"Ni","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1021\/nn100180d","article-title":"Angle and Energy-Resolved Plasmonic\nCoupling in Gold\nNanorod Dimers","volume":"4","author":"Shao","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5901","DOI":"10.1021\/nn402363p","article-title":"In Situ Plasmonic Counter for Polymerization\nof Chains of Gold Nanorods in Solution","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS\nNano"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/047147875X","volume-title":"Principles of Polymerization","author":"Odian","year":"2004","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189457","article-title":"Step-Growth Polymerization of Inorganic\nNanoparticles","volume":"329","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7229","DOI":"10.1021\/la000246h","article-title":"Two-Dimensional\nCysteine and Cystine Cluster Networks on Au(111) Disclosed by Voltammetry\nand in Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1021\/la00081a009","article-title":"Structures\nof Self-Assembled Monolayer Films of Organosulfur\nCompounds Adsorbed on Gold Single Crystals: Electron Diffraction Studies","volume":"4","author":"Strong","year":"1988","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1021\/la9906222","article-title":"1,6-Hexanedithiol Monolayers on Au(111):\nA Multitechnique Structural Study","volume":"16","author":"Leung","year":"2000","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090220445553300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2012.83","article-title":"Self-orienting\nNanocubes for the\nAssembly of Plasmonic Nanojunctions","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."}],"container-title":["Langmuir"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/la404588w","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article-pdf\/30\/7\/1906\/14211326\/la404588w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article-pdf\/30\/7\/1906\/14211326\/la404588w.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:45:06Z","timestamp":1788396306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article\/30\/7\/1906\/1370457\/Gold-Nanorod-Linking-to-Control-Plasmonic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/la404588w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-7463","1520-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-7463","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]]}}}