{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:15:40Z","timestamp":1788437740432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01 HL109192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01 HL109192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32-GM070421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32-GM070421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Liposomes are commonly used to deliver drugs and contrast agents to their target site in a controlled manner. One of the greatest obstacles in the performance of such delivery vehicles is their stability in the presence of serum. Here, we demonstrate a method to stabilize a class of liposomes that load gadolinium, a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent, as a model cargo on their surfaces. We hypothesized that the sequential adsorption of a gadolinium-binding chitosan fastener on the liposome surface followed by covalent cross-linking of the lipid bilayer would provide enhanced stability and improved MR signal in the presence of human serum. To investigate this hypothesis, liposomes composed of diyne-containing lipids were assembled and functionalized via chitosan conjugated with a hydrophobic anchor and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). This postadsorption cross-linking strategy served to stabilize the thermodynamically favorable association between liposome and polymeric fastener. Furthermore, the chitosan-coated, cross-linked liposomes proved more effective as delivery vehicles of gadolinium than uncross-linked liposomes due to the reduced liposome degradation and chitosan desorption. Overall, this study demonstrates a useful method to stabilize a broad class of particles used for systemic delivery of various molecular payloads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/la500412r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T18:59:44Z","timestamp":1395082784000},"page":"3697-3704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cross-Linkable Liposomes Stabilize a Magnetic Resonance\nContrast-Enhancing Polymeric Fastener"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Cartney E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , , 600 South Mathews Avenue , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunjoon","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , , 600 South Mathews Avenue , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]},{"name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , , 1206 West Gregory Drive , , ,","place":["Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1632","article-title":"Recent\nAdvances with Liposomes as Pharmaceutical Carriers","volume":"4","author":"Torchilin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.09.003","article-title":"Liposome Imaging\nAgents in Personalized Medicine","volume":"64","author":"Petersen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Delivery\nRev."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1021\/ar200105p","article-title":"Liposomes:\nFrom a Clinically Established Drug Delivery\nSystem to a Nanoparticle Platform for Theranostic Nanomedicine","volume":"44","author":"Al-Jamal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2736(94)90038-8","article-title":"Effect of Liposome\nSize on the Circulation Time and Intraorgan Distribution of Amphipathic\nPoly(ethylene glycol)-Containing Liposomes","volume":"1190","author":"Litzinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta, Biomembr."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.59.1.0010","article-title":"Uptake Characteristics\nof Liposomes by Rat Alveolar Macrophages: Influence of Particle Size\nand Surface Mannose Modification","volume":"59","author":"Chono","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm.\nPharmacol."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11028","DOI":"10.1021\/la062275j","article-title":"Spontaneously Forming\nEllipsoidal Phospholipid Unilamellar Vesicles and Their Interactions\nwith Helical Domains of Saposin C","volume":"22","author":"Nieh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11108","article-title":"Effect\nof the Surface\nCharge of Liposomes on Their Uptake by Angiogenic Tumor Vessels","volume":"105","author":"Krasnici","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit8","first-page":"297","article-title":"Stealth Liposomes: Review of the\nBasic Science, Rationale, and Clinical Applications, Existing and\nPotential","volume":"1","author":"Immordino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc903","article-title":"Ligand-Targeted\nTherapeutics in Anticancer Therapy","volume":"2","author":"Allen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Rev.\nCancer"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7826","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219888110","article-title":"Targeted Delivery\nof Lipid Antigen to Macrophages via\nthe Cd169\/Sialoadhesin Endocytic Pathway Induces Robust Invariant\nNatural Killer T Cell Activation","volume":"110","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl.\nAcad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9599","DOI":"10.1021\/nn4026228","article-title":"A Polymeric Fastener Can Easily Functionalize Liposome Surfaces with\nGadolinium for Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs15344k","article-title":"Targeted Polymeric Therapeutic Nanoparticles: Design,\nDevelopment and Clinical Translation","volume":"41","author":"Kamaly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem.\nSoc. Rev."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/10717540490280769","article-title":"Stability\nof Liposomal Formulations in Physiological Conditions for Oral Drug\nDelivery","volume":"11","author":"Taira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Delivery"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(03)00033-X","article-title":"Stealth Liposomes and Long Circulating\nNanoparticles:\nCritical Issues in Pharmacokinetics, Opsonization and Protein-Binding\nProperties","volume":"42","author":"Moghimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1021\/la960321h","article-title":"Effect of Surfactant Tail-Length\nAsymmetry on the Formation\nof Mixed Surfactant Vesicles","volume":"12","author":"Yuet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1021\/la203755v","article-title":"Size-Dependent\nProperties of Small Unilamellar Vesicles Formed by Model Lipids","volume":"28","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1021\/nn7002025","article-title":"Multiple Lipid Compartments Slow Vesicle Contents Release\nin Lipases and Serum","volume":"1","author":"Boyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit18","volume-title":"ITC Data Analysis\nin Origin\u2500Tutorial\nGuide","author":"MicroCal, LLC.","year":"1998","edition":"5"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M200137-JLR200","article-title":"Interactions\nof Acyl Carnitines with\nModel Membranes: A 13C-NMR Study","volume":"43","author":"Ho","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2009.12.4286","article-title":"Lipid and Peptide Dynamics in Membranes Upon Insertion\nof N-Alkyl-Beta-D-Glucopyranosides","volume":"98","author":"Meier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biophys.\nJ."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5506","DOI":"10.1021\/la200553t","article-title":"Binding of Chitosan\nto Phospholipid Vesicles Studied\nwith Isothermal Titration Calorimetry","volume":"27","author":"Mertins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10955-011-0232-9","article-title":"Physical Modeling of\nAqueous Solvation","volume":"145","author":"Fennell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\nStat. Phys."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit23","volume-title":"The Hydrophobic Effect:\nFormation of Micelles and Biological Membranes","author":"Tanford","year":"1973"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6037","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0123507","article-title":"Stable\nPolymeric Nanoballoons: Lyophilization and Rehydration\nof Cross-Linked Liposomes","volume":"124","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.110","article-title":"How to Determine Free\nGd and Free Ligand in Solution of Gd Chelates. A Technical Note","volume":"1","author":"Barge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13114","DOI":"10.1021\/la9034112","article-title":"A Promising Drug Controlled-Release System Based on Diacetylene\/Phospholipid\nPolymerized Vesicles","volume":"25","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090307313299800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(96)01459-9","article-title":"Polymerized Liposomes as Potential\nOral Vaccine Carriers: Stability and Bioavailability","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"}],"container-title":["Langmuir"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/la500412r","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article-pdf\/30\/13\/3697\/14214796\/la500412r.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article-pdf\/30\/13\/3697\/14214796\/la500412r.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:31:39Z","timestamp":1788435099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article\/30\/13\/3697\/1370612\/Cross-Linkable-Liposomes-Stabilize-a-Magnetic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/la500412r","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-7463","1520-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-7463","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]]}}}