{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:22:56Z","timestamp":1791462176025,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"43","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,27]],"date-time":"2017-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1176,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000151","name":"Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1331817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1331817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"NBD Nanotechnologies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dropwise condensation (DWC) heat transfer depends strongly on the maximum diameter (Dmax) of condensate droplets departing from the condenser surface. This study presents a facile technique implemented to gain control of Dmax in DWC within vapor\/air atmospheres. We demonstrate how this approach can enhance the corresponding heat transfer rate by harnessing the capillary forces in the removal of the condensate from the surface. We examine various hydrophilic\u2013superhydrophilic patterns, which, respectively, sustain and combine DWC and filmwise condensation on the substrate. The material system uses laser-patterned masking and chemical etching to achieve the desired wettability contrast and does not employ any hydrophobizing agent. By applying alternating straight parallel strips of hydrophilic (contact angle \u223c78\u00b0) mirror-finish aluminum and superhydrophilic regions (etched aluminum) on the condensing surface, we show that the average maximum droplet size on the less-wettable domains is nearly 42% of the width of the corresponding strips. An overall improvement in the condensate collection rate, up to 19% (as compared to the control case of DWC on mirror-finish aluminum) was achieved by using an interdigitated superhydrophilic track pattern (on the mirror-finish hydrophilic surface) inspired by the vein network of plant leaves. The bioinspired interdigitated pattern is found to outperform the straight hydrophilic\u2013superhydrophilic pattern design, particularly under higher humidity conditions in the presence of noncondensable gases (NCG), a condition that is more challenging for maintaining sustained DWC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/la5028866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]],"date-time":"2014-10-08T19:22:48Z","timestamp":1412796168000},"page":"13103-13115","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":301,"title":["Enhancing Dropwise Condensation through Bioinspired\nWettability Patterning"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Aritra","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago , , , ,","place":["Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60607"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Beaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NBD Nanotechnologies , 8 Saint Mary\u2019s St. , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong June","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NBD Nanotechnologies , 8 Saint Mary\u2019s St. , , ,","place":["Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjan","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago , , , ,","place":["Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60607"]},{"name":"Jadavpur University , , ,","place":["Kolkata, India, 700098"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantine M.","family":"Megaridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago , , , ,","place":["Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60607"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2006.08.002","article-title":"High efficiency\nelectric power generation: The environmental role","volume":"33","author":"Bee\u0301r","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prog. 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M.\n          The Effects\nof Hydrophilicity on Water Drainage and Condensate Retention on Air-Conditioning\nEvaporators.\n          International Refrigeration and\nAir Conditioning Conference, 2006, paper 847; http:\/\/docs.lib.purdue.edu\/iracc\/847."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10183","DOI":"10.1021\/la3013987","article-title":"Water harvest\nvia dewing","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit6","volume-title":"Entropy Generation through\nHeat and Fluid Flow","author":"Bejan","year":"1982"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1243\/09576500260049034","article-title":"Dropwise\ncondensation theory and experiment: a review","volume":"216","author":"Rose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part A"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit8","first-page":"53","article-title":"Versuche u\u0308ber\ndie Kondensation in Film- und Tropfenform","volume":"1","author":"Schmidt","year":"1930","journal-title":"Tech. Mech. Thermodyn."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201101302","article-title":"Nanograssed micropyramidal architectures for continuous dropwise\ncondensation","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1039\/b923967g","article-title":"Supernucleating\nsurfaces for nucleate boiling and dropwise condensation heat transfer","volume":"6","author":"Patankar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"094101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3200951","article-title":"Spatial control in\nthe heterogeneous nucleation of water","volume":"95","author":"Varanasi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl.\nPhys. Lett."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1515\/zpch-1926-11927","article-title":"Keimbildung in u\u0308bersa\u0308ttigten\nGebilden","volume":"119","author":"Volmer","year":"1926","journal-title":"Z. Phys. 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Heat\nMass Trans."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs.2013.103","article-title":"Condensation\nheat transfer on superhydrophobic surfaces","volume":"38","author":"Miljkovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1126\/science.291.5504.633","article-title":"Fast drop movements resulting from\nthe phase change on a gradient surface","volume":"291","author":"Daniel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1021\/nl303835d","article-title":"Jumping-droplet-enhanced\ncondensation\non scalable superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces","volume":"13","author":"Miljkovic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184501","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.184501","article-title":"Self-propelled dropwise condensate on superhydrophobic\nsurfaces","volume":"103","author":"Boreyko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. 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Ph.D. Thesis, Duke University, 2012."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10122","DOI":"10.1021\/nn303867y","article-title":"Enhanced\ncondensation on lubricant-impregnated nanotextured surfaces","volume":"6","author":"Anand","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/08916159108946406","article-title":"On the enhancement\nof filmwise condensation heat transfer by means of the coexistence\nwith dropwise condensation sections","volume":"4","author":"Kumagai","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Heat\nTransfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/08916150390223065","article-title":"Condensation\nheat transfer of steam on vertical dropwise and filmwise coexisting\nsurfaces with a thick organic film promoting dropwise mode","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp. Heat Trans."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1615\/JEnhHeatTransf.v14.i4.30","article-title":"Experimental\ninvestigation of enhancement of dropwise condensation heat transfer\nof steam-air mixture: Falling droplet effect","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Enhanced Heat Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201300418","article-title":"Spatial control\nof condensation and freezing on superhydrophobic surfaces with hydrophilic\npatches","volume":"23","author":"Mishchenko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/15567265.2013.862889","article-title":"Dropwise condensation\non micro- and nanostructured surfaces","volume":"18","author":"Enright","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale\nMicroscale Thermophys. 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E"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit34","unstructured":"Ying, J.; Eid, K. F.; Sommers, A. D.\n          Designing Energy-Efficient\nHeat Exchangers\u2500Creating Micro-Channels on the Aluminum Fin\nSurface.  International Refrigeration and Air\nConditioning Conference; 2010, paper 1108. http:\/\/docs.lib.purdue.edu\/iracc\/1108."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit35","unstructured":"Kaiser, J. M; Jacobi, A. M. Condensate Retention Effects\non the Air-Side Heat Transfer Performance of Automotive Evaporator\nCoils,  Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Center.\nACRC Contract Report 32, University of Illinois at\nUrbana-Champaign, 2000. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2142\/13356."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200600472","article-title":"Fabrication of Superhydrophobic\nSurfaces on Engineering Materials\nby a Solution-Immersion Process","volume":"17","author":"Qu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Funct.\nMater."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"011601","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4886410","article-title":"Effect of\nhydrocarbon adsorption on the wettability of rare earth\noxide ceramics","volume":"105","author":"Preston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.matsci.38.060407.132434","article-title":"Wetting and\nroughness","volume":"38","author":"Que\u0301re\u0301","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Mater. Res."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.05.047","article-title":"Dropwise condensation heat transfer\non ion implanted aluminum surfaces","volume":"51","author":"Rausch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J.\nHeat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit40","volume-title":"Liquid-Vapor Phase-Change\nPhenomena","author":"Carey","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1933(88)90043-7","article-title":"Some aspects\nof condensation heat transfer theory","volume":"15","author":"Rose","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. Commun.\nHeat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0017-9310(00)00086-7","article-title":"Analysis of the evaporation coefficient and the condensation\ncoefficient of water","volume":"44","author":"Marek","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/0017-9310(69)90174-4","article-title":"On Mechanism\nof Dropwise Condensation","volume":"12","author":"Mikic","year":"1969","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass\nTransfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1016\/0017-9310(72)90046-4","article-title":"Numerical simulation of dropwise\ncondensation","volume":"15","author":"Glicksman","year":"1972","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.07.021","article-title":"Condensation\nheat transfer enhancement in the presence of non-condensable gas using\nthe interfacial effect of dropwise condensation","volume":"51","author":"Ma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/0017-9310(66)90035-4","article-title":"Condensation heat transfer in the presence of noncondensables,\ninterfacial resistance, super heating variable properties and diffusion","volume":"9","author":"Minkowycz","year":"1966","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.06.029","article-title":"Dropwise condensation from flowing\nair-steam mixtures: Diffusion resistance assessed by controlled drainage","volume":"54","author":"Grooten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1021\/la970645l","article-title":"Drops at rest on a tilted plane","volume":"14","author":"Que\u0301re\u0301","year":"1998","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeFevre, E.J.; Rose, J.W.\n          A theory of\nheat transfer by dropwise condensation.  Proceedings\nof the Third International Heat Transfer Conference, Chicago,\nIL, USA, 1966, pp 362\u2013375.","DOI":"10.1615\/IHTC3.180"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.01.032","article-title":"A dropwise condensation model using\na nano-scale, pin-structured\nsurface","volume":"60","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1243\/PIME_PROC_1954_168_054_02","article-title":"The calculation\nof mass transfer rates in absorption, vaporization, condensation and\ncombustion processes","volume":"168","author":"Spalding","year":"1954","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0017-9310(01)00176-4","article-title":"Non-iterative condensation\nmodeling for steam condensation\nwith non-condensable gas in a vertical tube","volume":"45","author":"No","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.12.045","article-title":"Correlation for dropwise condensation heat transfer:\nWater, organic fluids, and inclination","volume":"61","author":"Bonner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int.\nJ. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1021\/la304389s","article-title":"Flow condensation\non copper-based nanotextured superhydrophobic surfaces","volume":"29","author":"Torresin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.08.019","article-title":"Dehumidification heat transfer on\ncopper surfaces","volume":"55","author":"Thomas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"2026090307325740100_cit56","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Heat\nand Mass Transfer","author":"Incropera","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Langmuir"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/la5028866","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article-pdf\/30\/43\/13103\/18259150\/la5028866.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article-pdf\/30\/43\/13103\/18259150\/la5028866.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:33:08Z","timestamp":1788435188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article\/30\/43\/13103\/1682923\/Enhancing-Dropwise-Condensation-through"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"43","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/la5028866","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-7463","1520-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-7463","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]]}}}