{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:15:03Z","timestamp":1790410503661,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,8]],"date-time":"2014-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12448 RK7359A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12448 RK7359A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We demonstrate the nonaqueous self-assembly of a low-molecular-mass organic gelator based on an electroactive p-type tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)\u2013dipeptide bioconjugate. We show that a TTF moiety appended with diphenylalanine amide derivative (TTF-FF-NH2) self-assembles into one-dimensional nanofibers that further lead to the formation of self-supporting organogels in chloroform and ethyl acetate. Upon doping of the gels with electron acceptors (TCNQ\/iodine vapor), stable two-component charge transfer gels are produced in chloroform and ethyl acetate. These gels are characterized by various spectroscopy (UV\u2013vis\u2013NIR, FTIR, and CD), microscopy (AFM and TEM), rheology, and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Furthermore, conductivity measurements performed on TTF-FF-NH2 xerogel nanofiber networks formed between gold electrodes on a glass surface indicate that these nanofibers show a remarkable enhancement in the conductivity after doping with TCNQ.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/la503459y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T17:53:21Z","timestamp":1411754001000},"page":"12429-12437","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Conducting Nanofibers and Organogels Derived from\nthe Self-Assembly of Tetrathiafulvalene-Appended Dipeptides"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Siva Krishna Mohan","family":"Nalluri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XL"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda","family":"Shivarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XW"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Kanibolotsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XL"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mischa","family":"Zelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XL"]},{"name":"The University of Nottingham , , ,","place":["Nottingham, United Kingdom, NG7 2RD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XW"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pim W. J. M.","family":"Frederix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XL"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Skabara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XL"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Gleskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XW"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rein V.","family":"Ulijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Strathclyde , , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G1 1XL"]},{"name":"City University of New York , , ,","place":["New York, United States, 10031"]},{"name":"City University of New York , , ,","place":["New York, United States, 10065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1039\/b501804h","article-title":"Supramolecular Electronics;\nNanowires from Self-Assembled \u03c0-conjugated systems","author":"Schenning","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. 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Ed."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1205962","article-title":"Functional\nSupramolecular Polymers","volume":"335","author":"Aida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7098","DOI":"10.1039\/c3nr02176a","article-title":"Supramolecular Self-Assemblies As Functional Nanomaterials","volume":"5","author":"Busseron","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400195e","article-title":"Functional \u03c0-Gelators and Their Applications","volume":"114","author":"Babu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201108853","article-title":"Solvent-Free Luminescent Organic\nLiquids","volume":"51","author":"Santhosh Babu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200801836","article-title":"Ultrathin Nanowires\u2500A\nMaterials Chemistry Perspective","volume":"21","author":"Cademartiri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030070z","article-title":"About Supramolecular Assemblies of\n\u03c0-Conjugated Systems","volume":"105","author":"Hoeben","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chem. 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Ed."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC00744A","article-title":"Air-Stable Photoconductive\nFilms Formed from Perylene Bisimide Gelators","volume":"2","author":"Draper","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200701313","article-title":"Enhanced Hole-Transporting Behavior\nof Discotic Liquid-Crystalline Physical Gels","volume":"18","author":"Hirai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1021\/ar7000364","article-title":"\u03c0-Organogels of Self-Assembled p-Phenylenevinylenes:\nSoft Materials with Distinct Size, Shape, and Functions","volume":"40","author":"Ajayaghosh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-3773(19990517)38:10<1393::AID-ANIE1393>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Efficient\nIntermolecular Charge Transport in Self-Assembled Fibers of Mono-\nand Bithiophene Bisurea Compounds","volume":"38","author":"Schoonbeek","year":"1999","journal-title":"Angew. Chem.,\nInt. Ed."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.1021\/ja042869d","article-title":"A Stable Single Piece of Unimolecularly \u03c0-Stacked\nPorphyrin Aggregate in a Thixotropic Low Molecular Weight Gel: A One-Dimensional\nMolecular Template for Polydiacetylene Wiring up to Several Tens of\nMicrometers in Length","volume":"127","author":"Shirakawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. 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Soc."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7283","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200502336","article-title":"Molecularly Assembled\nNanostructures of a Redox-Active Organogelator","volume":"44","author":"Akutagawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200602483","article-title":"Supramolecular\nConducting Nanowires from Organogels","volume":"46","author":"Puigmarti\u0301-Luis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angew.\nChem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200704864","article-title":"Shaping\nSupramolecular Nanofibers with Nanoparticles Forming Complementary\nHydrogen Bonds","volume":"47","author":"Puigmarti\u0301-Luis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.200900044","article-title":"Conductive Nanoscopic\nFibrous Assemblies Containing Helical Tetrathiafulvalene Stacks","volume":"4","author":"Tatewaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Asian J."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1021\/ja910721s","article-title":"Multistimuli Responsive\nOrganogels Based on a New Gelator Featuring Tetrathiafulvalene and\nAzobenzene Groups: Reversible Tuning of the Gel\u2013Sol Transition\nby Redox Reactions and Light Irradiation","volume":"132","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\nAm. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14769","DOI":"10.1021\/ja053496z","article-title":"Electroactive Supramolecular\nSelf-Assembled Fibers Composed of Doped Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Gelators","volume":"127","author":"Kitamura","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1039\/c3sm50614b","article-title":"Supramolecular Gels\nBased on Monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene and Its TCNQ Charge-Transfer\nComplex","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt874","article-title":"Fabrication of Novel Biomaterials through Molecular Self-Assembly","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4295","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cs00152j","article-title":"De Novo Designed Peptides for Biological Applications","volume":"40","author":"Boyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. 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Sci."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5462","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC01431F","article-title":"Biocatalytic Amide Condensation and\nGelation Controlled by Light","volume":"50","author":"Sahoo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5882","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201311158","article-title":"Biocatalytic Self-Assembly of Supramolecular\nCharge-Transfer Nanostructures Based on n-Type Semiconductor-Appended\nPeptides","volume":"53","author":"Nalluri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit41","first-page":"15862","article-title":"Small-Peptide-Based\nOrganogel Kit: Towards the Development of Multicomponent Self-Sorting\nOrganogels","volume":"19","author":"Afrasiabi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Eur. J."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201200617","article-title":"A Synthetic Amino Acid\nResidue Containing A New Oligopeptide-Based Photosensitive Fluorescent\nOrganogel","volume":"8","author":"Maiti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Asian J."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit43","first-page":"11488","article-title":"Pyrene-Containing\nPeptide-Based Fluorescent Organogels: Inclusion of Graphene into the\nOrganogel","volume":"17","author":"Adhikari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Eur. J."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200803110","article-title":"Oligothiophene\nVersus \u03b2-Sheet Peptide: Synthesis and Self-Assembly of an Organic\nSemiconductor-Peptide Hybrid","volume":"21","author":"Schillinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit45","first-page":"388","article-title":"Synthesis of Diacetylene-Containing\nPeptide Building Blocks and Amphiphiles, Their Self-Assembly and Topochemical\nPolymerization in Organic Solvents","volume":"15","author":"Jahnke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Eur.\nJ."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7576","DOI":"10.1021\/la501335e","article-title":"Differential\nSelf-Assembly and Tunable Emission of Aromatic Peptide Bola-Amphiphiles\nContaining Perylene Bisimide in Polar Solvents Including Water","volume":"30","author":"Bai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1039\/b9nr00233b","article-title":"An Investigation\nof the Conductivity of Peptide Nanotube Networks Prepared by Enzyme-Triggered\nSelf-Assembly","volume":"2","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1039\/b922843h","article-title":"Use of Unnatural \u03b2-Peptides\nas a Self-Assembling Component in Functional Organic Fibres","volume":"8","author":"Torres","year":"2010","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1082387","article-title":"Casting Metal Nanowires Within Discrete Self-Assembled Peptide Nanotubes","volume":"300","author":"Reches","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200701221","article-title":"Fmoc-Diphenylalanine\nSelf Assembles to a Hydrogel via a Novel Architecture Based on \u03c0\u2013\u03c0\nInterlocked \u03b2-Sheets","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2006.139","article-title":"Controlled Patterning\nof Aligned Self-Assembled Peptide Nanotubes","volume":"1","author":"Reches","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1021\/cm702931b","article-title":"Organogels Based on Self-Assembly\nof Diphenylalanine Peptide and Their Application To Immobilize Quantum\nDots","volume":"20","author":"Yan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1039\/b915765b","article-title":"Self-Assembly and Application of\nDiphenylalanine-Based Nanostructures","volume":"39","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem.\nSoc. Rev."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9939","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201002037","article-title":"Self-Assembled Organic Nanostructures with Metallic-Like\nStiffness","volume":"49","author":"Adler-Abramovich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. 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Rev."},{"key":"2026090119004354200_cit58","first-page":"12355","article-title":"Dynamic\nSelf-Assembly of Charge-Transfer Nanofibers of Tetrathiafulvalene\nDerivatives with F(4)TCNQ","volume":"17","author":"Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem.\u2500Eur.\nJ."}],"container-title":["Langmuir"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/la503459y","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article-pdf\/30\/41\/12429\/14225182\/la503459y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article-pdf\/30\/41\/12429\/14225182\/la503459y.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:00:53Z","timestamp":1788303653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/langd5\/article\/30\/41\/12429\/1371244\/Conducting-Nanofibers-and-Organogels-Derived-from"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/la503459y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-7463","1520-5827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0743-7463","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]]}}}