{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T13:27:54Z","timestamp":1787232474995,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,18]],"date-time":"2014-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":", National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UO1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UO1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000078","name":"Division of Materials Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR1106106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR1106106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-DP2-OD008533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-DP2-OD008533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Most antibiotics target growth processes and are ineffective against persister bacterial cells, which tolerate antibiotics due to their reduced metabolic activity. These persisters act as a genetic reservoir for resistant mutants and constitute a root cause of antibiotic resistance, a worldwide problem in human health. We re-engineer antibiotics specifically for persisters using tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes but is ineffective against persisters with low metabolic and cellular transport activity. By giving tobramycin the ability to induce nanoscopic negative Gaussian membrane curvature via addition of 12 amino acids, we transform tobramycin itself into a transporter sequence. The resulting molecule spontaneously permeates membranes, retains the high antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides, kills E. coli and S. aureus persisters 4\u20136 logs better than tobramycin, but remains noncytotoxic to eukaryotes. These results suggest a promising paradigm to renovate traditional antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/nn502201a","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,18]],"date-time":"2014-08-18T08:01:07Z","timestamp":1408348867000},"page":"8786-8793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Engineering Persister-Specific Antibiotics with Synergistic Antimicrobial Functions"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nathan W.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 410 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Deshayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 410 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinead","family":"Hawker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 410 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Blacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 410 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Kasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Los Angeles , , 410 Westwood Plaza , , ,","place":["Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095-1600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard C. 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