{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:49:51Z","timestamp":1787071791609,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411430400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006778","name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UTC Power"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell requires the use of a catalyst based on Pt, one of the most expensive metals on the earth. A number of strategies, including optimization of shape or facet, formation of alloys with other metals, and incorporation of a different metal into the core, have been investigated to enhance the activity of a Pt-based catalyst and thus reduce the loading of Pt. This article reports the synthesis and characterization of Pd@Pt\u2013Ni core\u2013shell octahedra with high activity toward ORR. The octahedra with an edge length of 8 nm were obtained by directly depositing thin, conformal shells of a Pt\u2013Ni alloy on Pd octahedra of 6 nm in edge length. The key to the success of this synthesis is the use of an amphiphilic solvent to ensure good compatibility between the solvents typically used for the syntheses of Pd and Pt\u2013Ni nanocrystals. The core\u2013shell structure was confirmed by a number of techniques, including scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, in situ X-ray diffraction under H2 and He, and electrochemical measurements. Relative to the state-of-the-art Pt\/C catalyst, the Pd@Pt\u2013Ni\/C catalyst showed mass and specific ORR activities enhanced by 12.5- and 14-fold, respectively. The formation of a core\u2013shell structure helped increase the electroactive surface area in terms of Pt and thus the mass activity. During an accelerated durability test, the mass activity of the Pd@Pt\u2013Ni\/C catalyst only dropped by 1.7% after 10\u2009000 cycles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/nn5036894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T11:36:43Z","timestamp":1411472203000},"page":"10363-10371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Synthesis and Characterization of Pd@Pt\u2013Ni Core\u2013Shell Octahedra with High Activity toward Oxygen Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sang-Il","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhua","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Dallas , , , ,","place":["Richardson, Texas, United States, 75080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksey","family":"Ruditskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Chieh","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTC Power , , ,","place":["South Windsor, Connecticut, United States, 06074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Dallas , , , ,","place":["Richardson, Texas, United States, 75080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon J.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas at Dallas , , , ,","place":["Richardson, Texas, United States, 75080"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younan","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]},{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]},{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology , , , ,","place":["Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30332"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081809155657800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527610044","volume-title":"Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis","author":"Ertl","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026081809155657800_cit2","unstructured":"Department of Energy\n          . Fuel Cell Technical Team Roadmap: Table 5. Technical Targets for Electrocatalysts, 2013; http:\/\/www.eere.energy.gov."},{"key":"2026081809155657800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1021\/cr9003902","article-title":"Platinum-Based Nanostructured Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications","volume":"110","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. 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