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This loss in signal transduction results in arrhythmias when the scaffolds are implanted. We report that small, subtoxic concentrations of single-walled carbon nanotubes, on the order of tens of parts per million, incorporated in a gelatin\u2013chitosan hydrogel act as electrical nanobridges between cardiomyocytes, resulting in enhanced electrical coupling, synchronous beating, and cardiomyocyte function. These engineered tissues achieve excitation conduction velocities similar to native myocardial tissue (22 \u00b1 9 cm\/s) and could function as a full-thickness patch for several cardiovascular defect repair procedures, such as right ventricular outflow track repair for Tetralogy of Fallot, atrial and ventricular septal defect repair, and other cardiac defects, without the risk of inducing cardiac arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/nn503693h","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]],"date-time":"2014-09-18T18:22:26Z","timestamp":1411064546000},"page":"9822-9832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["Biocompatible Carbon Nanotube\u2013Chitosan Scaffold Matching the Electrical Conductivity of the Heart"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Seokwon","family":"Pok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Vitale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon L.","family":"Eichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar M.","family":"Benavides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Pasquali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey G.","family":"Jacot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090203542549400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics\u25002014 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Go","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026090203542549400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513490957","article-title":"Carbon Nanotubes: Directions and Perspectives in Oral Regenerative Medicine","volume":"92","author":"Martins-Junior","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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