{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:02:48Z","timestamp":1792659768916,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001412","name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BSC0108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BSC0108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/WOS-A\/LS-682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/WOS-A\/LS-682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sustained and safe delivery of dopamine across the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a major hurdle for successful therapy in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, in the present study we designed neurotransmitter dopamine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (DA NPs) to deliver dopamine to the brain. These nanoparticles slowly and constantly released dopamine, showed reduced clearance of dopamine in plasma, reduced quinone adduct formation, and decreased dopamine autoxidation. DA NPs were internalized in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum, regions affected in PD. Treatment with DA NPs did not cause reduction in cell viability and morphological deterioration in SH-SY5Y, as compared to bulk dopamine-treated cells, which showed reduced viability. Herein, we report that these NPs were able to cross the BBB and capillary endothelium in the striatum and substantia nigra in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced rat model of PD. Systemic intravenous administration of DA NPs caused significantly increased levels of dopamine and its metabolites and reduced dopamine-D2 receptor supersensitivity in the striatum of parkinsonian rats. Further, DA NPs significantly recovered neurobehavioral abnormalities in 6-OHDA-induced parkinsonian rats. Dopamine delivered through NPs did not cause additional generation of ROS, dopaminergic neuron degeneration, and ultrastructural changes in the striatum and substantia nigra as compared to 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Interestingly, dopamine delivery through nanoformulation neither caused alterations in the heart rate and blood pressure nor showed any abrupt pathological change in the brain and other peripheral organs. These results suggest that NPs delivered dopamine into the brain, reduced dopamine autoxidation-mediated toxicity, and ultimately reversed neurochemical and neurobehavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/nn506408v","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]],"date-time":"2015-03-31T17:05:37Z","timestamp":1427821537000},"page":"4850-4871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":251,"title":["Trans-Blood Brain Barrier Delivery of Dopamine-Loaded Nanoparticles Reverses Functional Deficits in Parkinsonian Rats"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Richa","family":"Pahuja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]},{"name":"CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) , ,","place":["Mall Road, Delhi, India, 110007"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Delhi, India, 110001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Seth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshi","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendra Kumar","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) , ,","place":["Mall Road, Delhi, India, 110007"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lalit Kumar Singh","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem Narain","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jharna","family":"Arun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhushan Pradosh","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Delhi, India, 110001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devendra Kumar","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Delhi, India, 110001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheelendra Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Delhi, India, 110001"]},{"name":"CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI) , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay Kumar","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Delhi, India, 110001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) , ,","place":["Mall Road, Delhi, India, 110007"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Delhi, India, 110001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajnish Kumar","family":"Chaturvedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Delhi, India, 110001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailash Chand","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) , 80 MG Marg , ,","place":["Lucknow, India, 226001"]},{"name":"CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB) , ,","place":["Mall Road, Delhi, India, 110007"]},{"name":"Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , ,","place":["Delhi, India, 110001"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13761","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4246-09.2009","article-title":"A Nanomedicine Transports a Peptide Caspase-3 Inhibitor across the Blood-Brain Barrier and Provides Neuroprotection","volume":"29","author":"Karatas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391860-4.00013-6","article-title":"Transport of a Caspase Inhibitor across the Blood-Brain Barrier by Chitosan Nanoparticles","volume":"508","author":"Yemis\u0327ci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.31083\/ph.2014.3149","article-title":"An Aquaporin 4 Antisense Oligonucleotide Loaded, Brain Targeted Nanoparticulate System Design","volume":"69","author":"Kozlu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6906-2","article-title":"Validation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Self-Assessment Disability Scale in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease in Serbia","volume":"260","author":"Gazibara","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Mechanisms and Models","volume":"39","author":"Dauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2174\/156652307780363125","article-title":"Restoration of the Striatal Dopamine Synthesis for Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Viral Vector-Mediated Enzyme Replacement Strategy","volume":"7","author":"Carlsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-4-8","article-title":"The Therapeutic Importance of Understanding Mechanisms of Neuronal Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Disease","volume":"4","author":"Golde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit8","first-page":"951","article-title":"Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Dopamine and Its Agonists in Rodents and Primates. An Experimental Approach to the Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"34","author":"Garcia de Yebenes","year":"1988","journal-title":"ASAIO Trans."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020170085","article-title":"Intrapallidal Dopamine Restores Motor Deficits Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in the Rat","volume":"108","author":"Galvan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.06.025","article-title":"Unilateral Implantation of Dopamine-Loaded Biodegradable Hydrogel in the Striatum Attenuates Motor Abnormalities in the 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Hemi-Parkinsonism","volume":"184","author":"Senthilkumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-130186","article-title":"Levodopa in the Treatment of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Current Status and New Developments","volume":"3","author":"Salat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Parkinsons Dis."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3654","article-title":"Pharmacological Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Review","volume":"311","author":"Connolly","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00180","article-title":"Effects of Combined MAO-B Inhibitors and Levodopa vs. Monotherapy in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"6","author":"Krishna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit14","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Regional Striatal DOPA Transport and Decarboxylase Activity in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"36","author":"Kuwabara","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2408","DOI":"10.1021\/mp200337h","article-title":"Biodegradable Microspheres Loaded with an Anti-Parkinson Prodrug: An in Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study","volume":"8","author":"D\u2019Aurizio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.07.042","article-title":"Sustained-Release Formulation of Levodopa Methyl Ester\/Benserazide for Prolonged Suppressing Dyskinesia Expression in 6-OHDA-Leisoned Rats","volume":"502","author":"Ren","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0762-0","article-title":"Preparation of Rotigotine-Loaded Microspheres and their Combination Use with l-DOPA to Modify Dyskinesias in 6-OHDA-Lesioned Rats","volume":"29","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.01.008","article-title":"PLGA Microparticles with Zero-Order Release of the Labile Anti-Parkinson Drug Apomorphine","volume":"443","author":"Regnier-Delplace","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.13.47","article-title":"Continuous Dopaminergic Delivery to Minimize Motor Complications in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"13","author":"Wright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh374","article-title":"Reversal of Dyskinesias in an Animal Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease by Continuous l-DOPA Delivery Using rAAV Vectors","volume":"128","author":"Carlsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit21","first-page":"18","article-title":"The Impact of Extended Release Dopamine Agonists on Prescribing Patterns for Therapy of Early Parkinson\u2019s Disease: An Observational Study","author":"Pellicano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit22","first-page":"15","article-title":"TiO2-Dopamine Complex Implanted Unilaterally in the Caudate Nucleus Improves Motor Activity and Behavior Function of Rats with Induced Hemiparkinsonism","volume":"54","author":"Vergara-Arago\u0301n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. West Pharmacol. Soc."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1021\/nn405077y","article-title":"Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles Potently Induce Adult Neurogenesis and Reverse Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Model via Canonical Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Pathway","volume":"8","author":"Tiwari","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.06.024","article-title":"Surface Modified PLGA Nanoparticles for Brain Targeting of Bacoside-A","volume":"63","author":"Jose","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.042","article-title":"Nicotine-Encapsulated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Nanoparticles Improve Neuroprotective Efficacy against MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism","volume":"65","author":"Tiwari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radical Biol. Med."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.05.062","article-title":"Lactoferrin Conjugated PEG-PLGA Nanoparticles for Brain Delivery: Preparation, Characterization and Efficacy in Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"415","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit27","first-page":"2677","article-title":"Increased Antiparkinson Efficacy of the Combined Administration of VEGF- and GDNF-Loaded Nanospheres in a Partial Lesion Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"9","author":"Herra\u0301n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit28","first-page":"552","article-title":"Resuscitation Agents","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr. Anesth.-Basic Principles, State Art, Future"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.07.045","article-title":"The Kinetics of the Tissue Distribution of Silver Nanoparticles of Different Sizes","volume":"31","author":"Lankveld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2014.05.021","article-title":"Synthesis of Doxorubicin Loaded Magnetic Chitosan Nanoparticles for pH Responsive Targeted Drug Delivery","volume":"62","author":"Unsoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2007.05.034","article-title":"Effect of Acidic pH on PLGA Microsphere Degradation and Release","volume":"122","author":"Zolnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(02)00023-4","article-title":"PLGA-Based Microparticles: Elucidation of Mechanisms and a New, Simple Mathematical Model Quantifying Drug Release","volume":"15","author":"Faisant","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-012-0920-7","article-title":"Colloidal Stability of Polymeric Nanoparticles in Biological Fluids","volume":"14","author":"Lazzari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.07.032","article-title":"Enhanced Anti-Tumor Efficacy by Co-delivery of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel with Amphiphilic Methoxy PEG-PLGA Copolymer Nanoparticles","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.08.049","article-title":"Assessing the Physical-Chemical Properties and Stability of Dapivirine-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles","volume":"456","author":"Nevesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15597","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610893200","article-title":"Kinetic and Structural Analysis of the Early Oxidation Products of Dopamine: Analysis of the Interactions with Alpha-Synuclein","volume":"282","author":"Bisaglia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.08.017","article-title":"Immunocytochemical Identification of Proteins Involved in Dopamine Release from the Somatodendritic Compartment of Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons","volume":"164","author":"Witkovsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.2174\/187152706784111579","article-title":"Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Functional Role of the Plasma Membrane Dopamine Transporter","volume":"5","author":"Sotnikova","year":"2006","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-02-00436.1996","article-title":"The Dopamine Transporter Is Localized to Dendritic and Axonal Plasma Membranes of Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons","volume":"76","author":"Nirenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6794","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4177-08.2009","article-title":"Visualization of Dopamine Transporter Trafficking in Live Neurons by Use of Fluorescent Cocaine Analogs","volume":"29","author":"Eriksen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10092","article-title":"Region-Specific Targeting of Dopamine D2-Receptors and Somatodendritic Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 (VMAT2) within Ventral Tegmental Area Subdivisions","volume":"45","author":"Pickel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1021\/mp800137z","article-title":"Intracellular Drug Delivery by Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles, Revisited","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.1062","article-title":"Neuron-Specific Delivery of Nucleic Acids Mediated by Tet1-Modified Poly(ethylenimine)","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e903","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.362","article-title":"Nanoparticle-Mediated Catalase Delivery Protects Human Neurons from Oxidative Stress","volume":"4","author":"Singhal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20554","article-title":"Extracellular Dopamine Induces the Oxidative Toxicity of SH-SY5Y Cells","volume":"62","author":"Jiang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033137","article-title":"Dopamine- or L-DOPA-Induced Neurotoxicity: The Role of Dopamine Quinone Formation and Tyrosinase in a Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"5","author":"Asanuma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurotox. Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit47","first-page":"221","article-title":"Quinone Formation as Dopaminergic Neuron-Specific Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Sporadic Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Neurotoxin-Induced Parkinsonism","volume":"58","author":"Asanuma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Med. Okayama"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5916","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15045916","article-title":"Toxicity and Metabolism of Layered Double Hydroxide Intercalated with Levodopa in a Parkinson\u2019s Disease Model","volume":"15","author":"Kura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.6.23","article-title":"Release Behaviour and Toxicity Evaluation of Levodopa from Carboxylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.10.037","article-title":"Regulatory Effects of Costunolide on Dopamine Metabolism-Associated Genes Inhibit Dopamine-Induced Apoptosis in Human Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y Cells","volume":"507","author":"Ham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4547(20001001)62:1<112::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Effects of Dopamine and L-DOPA on Survival of PC12 Cells","volume":"62","author":"Koshimura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Neurosci Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1021\/jp909314t","article-title":"Radical Scavenging Reactivity of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and the Inhibition Effect for DNA Cleavage","volume":"114","author":"Kawashima","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.8.18.9512","article-title":"Dopaminergic Modulation of Neurogenesis in the Subventricular Zone of the Adult Brain","volume":"8","author":"O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8754","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803955106","article-title":"Dopamine-Induced Proliferation of Adult Neural Precursor Cells in the Mammalian Subventricular Zone is Mediated through EGF","volume":"106","author":"O\u2019Keeffe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1265","article-title":"Dopamine Depletion Impairs Precursor Cell Proliferation in Parkinson Disease","volume":"7","author":"Ho\u0308glinger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.016","article-title":"Zuckerkandl\u2019s Organ Improves Long-Term Survival and Function of Neural Stem Cell Derived Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinsonian Rats","volume":"210","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2010.06.006","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of Dopamine-Derived Quinones Reactivity toward NADH and Glutathione: Implications for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease","volume":"1802","author":"Bisaglia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e38026","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038026","article-title":"Human SOD2 Modification by Dopamine Quinones Affects Enzymatic Activity by Promoting Its Aggregation: Possible Implications for Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"7","author":"Belluzzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.07.048","article-title":"Catechol and Aldehyde Moieties of 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde Contribute to Tyrosine Hydroxylase Inhibition and Neurotoxicity","volume":"1474","author":"Vermeer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.031682","article-title":"Control of Mitochondrial Apoptosis by the Bcl-2 Family","volume":"122","author":"Brunelle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400655","article-title":"Ultrastructural Localization of Cytochrome C in Apoptosis Demonstrates Mitochondrial Heterogeneity","volume":"7","author":"D\u2019Herde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2952","article-title":"Mitochondria and Cell Death: Outer Membrane Permeabilization and Beyond","volume":"11","author":"Tait","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00751-4","article-title":"Activation of c-jun N-Terminal Kinase\/Stress-Activated Protein Kinase and the Decreased Ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax Are Associated with the Auto-Oxidized Dopamine-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells","volume":"256","author":"Kang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2013.02.003","article-title":"The BCL2 Code to Dopaminergic Development and Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"19","author":"van der Heide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.12.015","article-title":"p53 and Mitochondrial Function in Neurons","volume":"1842","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2010.19.3.155","article-title":"Selective Susceptibility of Human Dopaminergic Neural Stem Cells to Dopamine-Induced Apoptosis","volume":"19","author":"Jeon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.10.038","article-title":"A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Analysis of Brain Monoamine Neurotransmitters Using Ultra-fast Liquidchromatography Coupled to Electrochemical Detection","volume":"879","author":"Parrot","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.5607\/en.2014.23.3.246","article-title":"Increasing the Efficiency of Parkinson\u2019s Disease Treatment Using a Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Based L-DOPA Delivery System","volume":"23","author":"Gambaryan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. Neurobiol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2011.07.036","article-title":"Characterization and Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Dopamine Brain Delivery","volume":"419","author":"Trapani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106362","article-title":"Striatal Astrocytes Act as a Reservoir for L-DOPA","volume":"9","author":"Asanuma","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.05983.x","article-title":"Enhanced Survival and Function of Neural Stem Cells-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons under Influence of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells in Parkinsonian Rats","volume":"109","author":"Shukla","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1006\/neur.1995.0020","article-title":"Intrastriatal Dopamine Infusion Reverses Compensatory Increases in D2-Dopamine Receptors in the 6-OHDA Lesioned Rat","volume":"4","author":"Woiciechowsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00161.2013","article-title":"Supersensitive Presynaptic Dopamine D2 Receptor Inhibition of the Striatopallidal Projection in Nigrostriatal Dopamine-Deficient Mice","volume":"110","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20811","article-title":"Upregulation of Dopamine D2 Receptors in Dopaminergic Drug-Naive Patients with Parkin Gene Mutations","volume":"21","author":"Scherfler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90759","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090759","article-title":"Differential Dopamine Receptor Occupancy Underlies L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Rat Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"9","author":"Sahin","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.12.042","article-title":"Nerve Growth Factor Increases Survival of Dopaminergic Graft, Rescue Nigral Dopaminergic Neurons and Restores Functional Deficits in Rat Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"398","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit77","first-page":"2077","article-title":"Controlled-Release Levodopa Methyl Ester\/Benserazide-Loaded Nanoparticles Ameliorate Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Rats","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-011-0541-z","article-title":"Quinoprotein Adducts Accumulate in the Substantia Nigra of Aged Rats and Correlate with Dopamine-Induced Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00713525","article-title":"Caudate Nucleus Pathology in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Ultrastructural and Biochemical Findings in Biopsy Material","volume":"83","author":"Lach","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e360379","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/360379","article-title":"Effect of Chronic L-Dopa or Melatonin Treatments after Dopamine Deafferentation in Rats: Dyskinesia, Motor Performance, and Cytological Analysis","volume":"2012","author":"Gutierrez-Valdez","year":"2012","journal-title":"ISRN Neurol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.1835","article-title":"Dopamine-Loaded Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres: New Strategy for Encapsulating Small Hydrophilic Drugs with High Efficiency","volume":"30","author":"Shin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Prog."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2006.11.033","article-title":"Imidazolyl-Pei Modified Nanoparticles for Enhanced Gene Delivery","volume":"335","author":"Swami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2014.01.002","article-title":"Mechanical Stretch Exacerbates the Cell Death in SH-SY5Y Cells Exposed to Paraquat: Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2014.894636","article-title":"Neuroprotective Potentials of Neurotrophin Rich Olfactory Ensheathing Cell\u2019s Conditioned Media against 6OHDA-Induced Oxidative Damage","volume":"48","author":"Shukla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Free Radical Res."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.12.005","article-title":"Salsolinol Induced Apoptotic Changes in Neural Stem Cells: Amelioration by Neurotrophin Support","volume":"35","author":"Shukla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.04.014","article-title":"Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplantation Restores Functional Deficits in Rat Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Cotransplantation Approach with Fetal Ventral Mesencephalic Cells","volume":"16","author":"Agrawal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit87","volume-title":"The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates","author":"Paxinos","year":"1998","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-129825","article-title":"Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Targeted Gene Delivery across Nasal Respiratory Epithelium","volume":"23","author":"Sundaram","year":"2009","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.07.017","article-title":"Attenuation of Arsenic Neurotoxicity by Curcumin in Rats","volume":"240","author":"Yadav","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(87)90549-2","article-title":"Intracerebral Dialysis: Direct Evidence for the Utility of 3-MT Measurements as an Index of Dopamine Release","volume":"41","author":"Wood","year":"1987","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21112","article-title":"Astrocyte-Derived Metallothionein Protects Dopaminergic Neurons from Dopamine Quinone Toxicity","volume":"59","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.03.005","article-title":"Association between Children Death and Consumption of Cassia occidentalis Seeds: Clinical and Experimental Investigations","volume":"67","author":"Panigrahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3317\/jraas.2000.039","article-title":"Effects of Losartan on Haemodynamic Parameters and Angiotensin Receptor mRNA Levels in Rat Heart after Myocardial Infarction","volume":"1","author":"Zhu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst."},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.3.6_Pt_2.II-138","article-title":"Enhancement of Blood Pressure Response to Dopamine by Angiotensin II","volume":"3","author":"Perez-Olea","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2026090308444972000_cit95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14824","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.451336","article-title":"Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b21 (TGF-\u03b21)-Stimulated Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Differentiation Is Mediated by Hyaluronan (HA)-Facilitated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and CD44 Co-localization in Lipid Rafts","volume":"288","author":"Midgley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/nn506408v","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/4850\/18060061\/nn506408v.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/4850\/18060061\/nn506408v.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:45:09Z","timestamp":1788439509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/9\/5\/4850\/1363737\/Trans-Blood-Brain-Barrier-Delivery-of-Dopamine"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/nn506408v","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,31]]}}}