{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:47:36Z","timestamp":1788454056762,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101056306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101056306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe project ENTICE","award":["101184775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101184775"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe project DIAMOND","award":["101081179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101081179"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Sci. Technol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c15099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T06:07:05Z","timestamp":1780985225000},"page":"17099-17109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Linking Global Integrated Assessment and Hybrid Input\u2013Output Models To Support Steel Decarbonization Policies in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1808-4192","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debora","family":"Ghezzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Politecnico di Milano","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Politecnico di Milano","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basque Center for Climate Change","place":["Leoia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9120-564X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dirk-Jan","family":"van de Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basque Center for Climate Change","place":["Leoia, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Holtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment & Energy","place":["Wuppertal, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3648-1205","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"J\u00fclich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment & Energy","place":["Wuppertal, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3129-3654","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matteo Vincenzo","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Politecnico di Milano","place":["Milan, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","unstructured":"European Commission.\n                      Commission\u2019s Action Plan to secure\na competitive and decarbonised steel and metals industry in Europe\n                      . https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_25_805 (accessed 2025-09-24)."},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","unstructured":"EU Climate Targets: How to\nDecarbonise the Steel Industry - European Commission. https:\/\/joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu\/jrc-news-and-updates\/eu-climate-targets-how-decarbonise-steel-industry-2022-06-15_en (accessed 2025-08-19)."},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","unstructured":"European Steel in Figures\n2025\n                      ; EUROFER\nThe European Steel Association, 2025. https:\/\/www.eurofer.eu\/publications\/brochures-booklets-and-factsheets\/european-steel-in-figures-2025 (accessed 2025-08-19)."},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","unstructured":"European Commission.\n                      Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism\n                      . https:\/\/taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu\/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism_en#latest-developments (accessed 2025-09-24)."},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","unstructured":"EUROFER.\n                      EU Policy to Support Investments in the Transformation\n                      . https:\/\/www.steelactionplan.eu\/topics\/eu-policy-to-support-investments-in-the-transformation (accessed 2025-09-24)."},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","unstructured":"World Steel in Figures 2025\n                      , worldsteel.org. https:\/\/worldsteel.org\/data\/world-steel-in-figures\/world-steel-in-figures-2025\/ (accessed 2026-03-23)."},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-024-32528-2"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eneco.2023.106673"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15567249.2024.2360443"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10168737.2025.2483321"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14693062.2023.2200758"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10784-025-09662-4"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2026.115161"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2023.2285397"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ae3fb1"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2025.112483"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joint Global Change Research\nInstitute. GCAM Documentation. Zenodo September 2024. 10.5281\/zenodo.13760699.","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.13760699"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/jors.473"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad5bf1"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","unstructured":"Joint Global\nChange Research\nInstitute.\n                      GCAM: Global Change Analysis\nModel\n                      . https:\/\/gcims.pnnl.gov\/modeling\/gcam-global-change-analysis-model (accessed 2026-03-02)."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511626982"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12713"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","unstructured":"Tahavori, M. A.; Rinaldi, L.; Golinucci, N. MARIO - MARIO 0.3.1 documentation. https:\/\/mario-suite.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/intro.html#what-is-it (accessed 2026-03-02)."},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15342220"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","unstructured":"CO\n                      2\n                      -Neutrale Prozessw\u00e4rme-Erzeugung. Umweltbundesamt, 2023."},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egycc.2024.100161"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","unstructured":"Agora Industry; Wuppertal Institute; Lund University.\n                      Low-Carbon Technologies\nfor the Global Steel Transformation. A Guide to the Most Effective\nWays to Cut Emissions in Steelmaking\n                      ; 2024. https:\/\/www.agora-industry.org\/publications\/low-carbon-technologies-for-the-global-steel-transformation (accessed 2026-05-18)."},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jiec.12713"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","unstructured":"EU Policy to Support Investments in the Transformation\n                      . https:\/\/www.steelactionplan.eu\/topics\/eu-policy-to-support-investments-in-the-transformation (accessed 2025-09-26)."},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","unstructured":"Energy\nAgency, I. Iron and Steel Technology\nRoadmap Towards More Sustainable\nSteelmaking Part of the Energy Technology Perspectives Series."},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3866403"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","unstructured":"Chatam House. https:\/\/resourcetrade.earth\/ (accessed 2025-07-09)."},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","unstructured":"European Commission.\n                      Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism\n                      . https:\/\/taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu\/carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism_en#cbam-definitive-regime-from-2026 (accessed 2025-07-09)."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","unstructured":"Corporate CBAM implementation\nand experiences from SMEs. https:\/\/co2-iq.com\/en\/corporate-cbam-implementation (accessed 2025-09-26)."},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glt.2025.03.003"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wene.70000"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JITLP-12-2024-0081"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14693062.2023.2200758"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e30976"}],"container-title":["Environmental Science & Technology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c15099","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c15099","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T08:29:53Z","timestamp":1782203393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c15099"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acs.est.5c15099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c15099","relation":{},"ISSN":["0013-936X","1520-5851"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0013-936X","type":"print"},{"value":"1520-5851","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]}}}