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This work breaks this bottleneck by developing a hybrid single-pass multistage (HSPM) system with selectivity-optimized loose RO membranes. Tailoring commercial RO membranes into high-flux variants via a 5 h controlled chlorination achieves an optimal balance, whereas an extended 20-h modification causes an impractical 24.1-fold increase in boron passage. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the 4-fold increase in apparent activation energy (Ea) for B(OH)4\u2013 transport at pH 11 fails to fully offset the intrinsic loss of steric selectivity under neutral conditions. To overcome this material-level limitation, a multidimensional performance map identifies the operational sweet spot of the HSPM system, enabling membranes with moderate boron rejection and high water permeance to meet the 1.0 mg L\u20131 threshold via multistage blending and energy recovery. Coupling the 5 h chlorinated membrane with an optimized 3-stage configuration theoretically yields a \u223c42.5% energy saving versus conventional two-pass RO. This research establishes a novel paradigm for application-specific membrane selection and process synergy, offering a scalable, low-carbon blueprint for desalination and water reuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6c02502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:00:49Z","timestamp":1784307649000},"page":"21320-21331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decoupling Energy\nDemand from Boron Compliance in\nSeawater Desalination via a Hybrid Single-Pass Multistage (HSPM) System"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Likun","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3942-9766","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng-Fei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuling","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3296-8536","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhiyang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaxing","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9600-3713","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-7712","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinglin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology of China , , ,","place":["Hefei, China, 230026"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026080409305005400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-63784-6","article-title":"The first emergence of unprecedented global water scarcity\nin the Anthropocene","volume":"16","author":"Ravinandrasana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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