{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:28:44Z","timestamp":1791386924913,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,9]],"date-time":"2015-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/I528034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/I528034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/L007010\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/L007010\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microscopic plastic debris, termed \u201cmicroplastics\u201d, are of increasing environmental concern. Recent studies have demonstrated that a range of zooplankton, including copepods, can ingest microplastics. Copepods are a globally abundant class of zooplankton that form a key trophic link between primary producers and higher trophic marine organisms. Here we demonstrate that ingestion of microplastics can significantly alter the feeding capacity of the pelagic copepod Calanus helgolandicus. Exposed to 20 \u03bcm polystyrene beads (75 microplastics mL\u20131) and cultured algae ([250 \u03bcg C L\u20131) for 24 h, C. helgolandicus ingested 11% fewer algal cells (P = 0.33) and 40% less carbon biomass (P &amp;lt; 0.01). There was a net downward shift in the mean size of algal prey consumed (P &amp;lt; 0.001), with a 3.6 fold increase in ingestion rate for the smallest size class of algal prey (11.6\u201312.6 \u03bcm), suggestive of postcapture or postingestion rejection. Prolonged exposure to polystyrene microplastics significantly decreased reproductive output, but there were no significant differences in egg production rates, respiration or survival. We constructed a conceptual energetic (carbon) budget showing that microplastic-exposed copepods suffer energetic depletion over time. We conclude that microplastics impede feeding in copepods, which over time could lead to sustained reductions in ingested carbon biomass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/es504525u","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]],"date-time":"2015-01-06T15:16:52Z","timestamp":1420557412000},"page":"1130-1137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1256,"title":["The Impact\nof Polystyrene Microplastics on Feeding,\nFunction and Fecundity in the Marine Copepod\n                    <i>Calanus helgolandicus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Life Support Systems, Plymouth Marine Laboratory , Prospect Place, The Hoe , ,","place":["Plymouth, U.K., PL1 3DH"]},{"name":"University of Exeter , , Stocker Road , ,","place":["Exeter, U.K., EX4 4QD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pennie","family":"Lindeque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Life Support Systems, Plymouth Marine Laboratory , Prospect Place, The Hoe , ,","place":["Plymouth, U.K., PL1 3DH"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Fileman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Life Support Systems, Plymouth Marine Laboratory , Prospect Place, The Hoe , ,","place":["Plymouth, U.K., PL1 3DH"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Halsband","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Akvaplan-niva AS, FRAM \u2212 High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment , ,","place":["Troms\u00f8, Norway, N-9296"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara S.","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter , , Stocker Road , ,","place":["Exeter, U.K., EX4 4QD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090113412945100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094559","article-title":"Lost at sea:\nWhere is all the plastic?","volume":"304","author":"Thompson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090113412945100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-326X(02)00220-5","article-title":"The\npollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: A review","volume":"44","author":"Derraik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mar. 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Oceanogr."},{"key":"2026090113412945100_cit28","volume-title":"The Biology of Calanoid\nCopepods","author":"Mauchline","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090113412945100_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10152-002-0105-3","article-title":"Feeding rates\nand selectivity among nauplii, copepodites and adult females of Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus helgolandicus","volume":"56","author":"Meyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Helgoland Mar. Res."},{"key":"2026090113412945100_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3354\/meps143045","article-title":"Viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK","volume":"143","author":"Pond","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol.:\nProg. 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Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090113412945100_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00354327","article-title":"The effect\nof low concentrations of phenol and ammonia on egg production rates,\nfecal pellet production and egg viability of the calanoid copepod Acartia clausi","volume":"119","author":"Buttino","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"2026090113412945100_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3354\/meps027055","article-title":"The feeding response of a marine planktonic copepod\nto quantity and quality of particles","volume":"27","author":"Paffenho\u0308fer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Mar. Ecol.:\nProg. 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