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Chem."},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","unstructured":"No changes are observed in the absorption spectra of phthalocyanine upon association with the dendrimer in the region of the Q-band (transition to S1 state); however, in the region of the Soret band (transition to S2 state), a shift and broadening of this band toward longer wavelengths is observed."},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","unstructured":"The Rehm\u2212Weller expression can be written as\u0394G0=(EDox\u2212EAred)B+(1\u22121\u03b5B)(Sp\u2212Sr)\u2212Wr+Wp\u2212h\u03bdwhereEDoxandEAredstand for the oxidation and reduction potential of the donor and acceptor, respectively, in a medium of permittivity\u03b5B;Sp,rare the solvation energies of individual reactant and product ions in vacuum;Wr,pare the solvation energies and Coulomb interaction of the ions, andh\u03bd is the excited-state energy. The expressions forSp,randWr,pcan be found in"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50a","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6078","DOI":"10.1021\/jp981754r","volume":"102","author":"Tavernier H. L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50b","unstructured":"ForEDox, we used a value of 0.97 V (vs. SCE) for the oxidation potential of triethylamine in water taken from"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50c","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1021\/jp991562b","volume":"104","author":"Okutsu T.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50d","unstructured":"ForEAred, we used a value of \u22120.5 V (vs. SCE) for the reduction potential of aluminum phthalocyanine in DMSO taken from"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50e","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9569","DOI":"10.1021\/ic061072f","volume":"45","author":"Ou Z.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Inorg. 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Phys."},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","unstructured":"The value ofV02= 10 cm\u22121is small enough to justify the nonadiabatic approximation in eq2but at the same time large enough to quench the excited-state lifetime of the phthalocyanine down to subnanosecond values. The value of \u03b2 = 1 \u00c5\u22121is typical for electron tunneling through an aliphatic carbon donor\u2212acceptor bridge and therefore is appropriate for the PAMAM dendrimer systems."},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4897","DOI":"10.1021\/ma0002186","volume":"34","author":"Prosa T. J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","volume-title":"Classical Mechanics","author":"Goldstein H.","year":"2000","edition":"3"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200400439","volume":"6","author":"Vall\u00e9e R. A. 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A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1086911","volume":"302","author":"Yang H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7932","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.15.7932","volume":"94","author":"Jia Y.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","unstructured":"Besides fluorescence quenching by electron transfer, other factors can change the intensity of the \u201con\u201d level in single-molecule fluorescence traces (rotational dynamics, spectral diffusion, and so forth). Indeed, we observe intensity fluctuations in traces of unquenched single phthalocyanine molecules that have monoexponential decays. This is probably related to rotational dynamics of phthalocyanine in more flexible environments. This effect is more pronounced here, because the excitation light is not circularly polarized, and in-plane rotation is enough to change emission intensity. Spectral diffusion does not seem plausible, because the emission light is collected through a filter with a broad wavelength window."},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3197","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2628068100","volume":"100","author":"Rhoades E.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"ref68\/cit68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611093104","volume":"104","author":"Nettels D.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 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