{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T19:48:37Z","timestamp":1793130517050,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]],"date-time":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":875664000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]],"date-time":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":875664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Computer Vision"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1007977618277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T07:13:40Z","timestamp":1040541220000},"page":"23-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":317,"title":["Recognizing Facial Expressions in Image Sequences Using Local Parameterized Models of Image Motion"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaser","family":"Yacoob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"140725_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1985.4767678","volume":"PAMI-7","author":"G. Adiv","year":"1985","unstructured":"Adiv, G. 1985. Determining three-dimensional motion and structure from optical flow generated by several moving objects. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, PAMI-7(4):384-401.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"140725_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azarbayejani, A., Horowitz, B., and Pentland, A. 1993a. Recursive estimation of structure and motion using relative orientation constraints. In Proc. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR-93, New York, pp. 294-299.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1993.340966"},{"issue":"6","key":"140725_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1109\/34.216730","volume":"15","author":"A. Azarbayejani","year":"1993","unstructured":"Azarbayejani, A., Starner, T., Horowitz, B., and Pentland, A. 1993b. Visually controled graphics. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 15(6):602-604.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"140725_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.11.2049","volume":"37","author":"J. N. Bassili","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bassili, J. N. 1979. Emotion recognition: The role of facial movement and the relative importance of upper and lower areas of the face. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37:2049- 2059.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"140725_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergen, J. R., Anandan, P., Hanna, K. J., and Hingorani, R. 1992. Hierarchical model-based motion estimation. In Proc. of Second European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV-92, G. Sandini (Ed.), Springer-Verlag, volume 588 of LNCS-Series, pp. 237-252.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-55426-2_27"},{"key":"140725_CR6","unstructured":"Beymer, D., Shashua, A., and Poggio, T. 1993. Example based image analysis and synthesis. Technical Report A. I. Memo No. 1431, MIT."},{"key":"140725_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black, M. J. and Anandan, P. 1993. A framework for the robust estimation of optical flow. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, ICCV-93, Berlin, Germany, pp. 231-236.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1993.378214"},{"key":"140725_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black, M. J. and Jepson, A. 1994. Estimating multiple independent motions in segmented images using parametric models with local deformations. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion of Non-rigid and Articulated Objects, Austin, Texas, pp. 220- 227.","DOI":"10.1109\/MNRAO.1994.346232"},{"issue":"1","key":"140725_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1996.0006","volume":"63","author":"M. J. Black","year":"1996","unstructured":"Black, M. J. and Anandan, P. 1996. The robust estimation of multiple motions: Parametric and piecewise-smooth flow fields. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 63(1):75-104.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"140725_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blake, A. and Isard, M. 1994. 3D position, attitude and shape input using video tracking of hands and lips. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 94, pp. 185-192.","DOI":"10.1145\/192161.192197"},{"issue":"12","key":"140725_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(93)90173-T","volume":"26","author":"G. Chow","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chow, G. and Li, X. 1993. Towards a system for automatic facial feature detection. Pattern Recognition, 26(12):1739-1755.","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"140725_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cipolla, R. and Blake, A. 1992. Surface orientation and time to contact from image divergence and deformation. In Proc. of Second European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV-92, G. Sandini (Ed.), Springer-Verlag, volume 588 of LNCS-Series, pp. 187- 202.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-55426-2_21"},{"key":"140725_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1992.0008","volume":"335","author":"P. Ekman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ekman, P. 1992. Facial expressions of emotion: An old controversy and new findings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B(335):63-69.","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London"},{"key":"140725_CR14","unstructured":"Ekman, P. and Friesen, W. 1975. Unmasking the Face. Prentice Hall."},{"key":"140725_CR15","unstructured":"Ekman, P. (Ed.) 1982. Emotion in the Human Face. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"140725_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Essa, I. A. and Pentland, A. 1994. A vision system for observing and extracting facial action parameters. In Proc. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR-94, Seattle, WA, pp. 76-83.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1994.323813"},{"key":"140725_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Essa, I., Darrell, T., and Pentland, A. 1994. Tracking facial motion. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion of Non-rigid and Articulated Objects, Austin, Texas, pp. 36-42.","DOI":"10.1109\/MNRAO.1994.346257"},{"key":"140725_CR18","first-page":"5","volume":"LII-4","author":"S. Geman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Geman, S. and McClure, D. E. 1987. Statistical methods for tomographic image reconstruction. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, LII-4:5-21.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute"},{"key":"140725_CR19","volume-title":"Robust Statistics: The Approach Based on Influence Functions","author":"F. R. Hampel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hampel, F. R., Ronchetti, E. M., Rousseeuw, P. J., and Stahel, W. A. 1986. Robust Statistics: The Approach Based on Influence Functions. John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY."},{"key":"140725_CR20","unstructured":"Kass, M., Witkin, A., and Terzopoulos, D. 1987. Snakes: Active contour models. In Proc. First International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 259-268"},{"issue":"9","key":"140725_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/713819112","volume":"22","author":"J. J. Koenderink","year":"1975","unstructured":"Koenderink, J. J. and van Doorn, A. J. 1975. Invariant properties of the motion parallax field due to the movement of rigid bodies relative to an observer. Optica Acta, 22(9):773-791.","journal-title":"Optica Acta"},{"issue":"6","key":"140725_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1109\/34.216724","volume":"15","author":"H. Li","year":"1993","unstructured":"Li, H., Roivainen, P., and Forcheimer, R. 1993. 3-D motion estimation in model-based facial image coding. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 15(6):545-555.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"140725_CR23","first-page":"3474","volume":"74","author":"K. Mase","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mase, K. 1991. Recognition of facial expression from optical flow. IEICE Transactions, E 74:3474-3483.","journal-title":"IEICE Transactions"},{"key":"140725_CR24","unstructured":"Rosenblum, M., Yacoob, Y., and Davis, L. S. 1994. Human emotion recognition from motion using a radial basis function network architecture. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion of Non-rigid and Articulated Objects, Austin, Texas."},{"issue":"6","key":"140725_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1109\/34.216726","volume":"15","author":"D. Terzopoulos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Terzopoulos, D. and Waters, K. 1993. Analysis and synthesis of facial image sequences using physical and anatomical models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 15(6):569-579.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"140725_CR26","unstructured":"Toelg, S. and Poggio, T. 1994. Towards an example-based image compression architecture for video-conferencing. Technical Report CAR-TR-723, Center for Automation Research, U. of Maryland."},{"key":"140725_CR27","unstructured":"Waxman, A. M., Kamgar-Parsi, B., and Subbarao, M. 1987. Close-form solutions to image flow equations. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, ICCV-87, London, England, pp. 12-24."},{"key":"140725_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yacoob, Y. and Davis, L. S. 1993. Labeling of human face components from range data. In Proc. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR-94, New York, NY, pp. 592-593.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1993.341070"},{"key":"140725_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yacoob, Y. and Davis, L. S. 1994. Computing spatio-temporal representations of human faces. In Proc. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR-94, Seattle, WA, pp. 70-75.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1994.323812"},{"key":"140725_CR30","unstructured":"Young, A. W. and Ellis, H. D. (Eds.) 1989. Handbook of Research on Face Processing. Elsevier Science Publishers B. V."},{"key":"140725_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuille, A. L., Cohen, D. S., and Hallinan, P. W. 1989. Feature extraction from faces using deformable templates. In Proc. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR-89, pp. 104-109.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1989.37836"},{"key":"140725_CR32","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Active Vision","author":"A. Yuille","year":"1992","unstructured":"Yuille, A. and Hallinan, P. 1992. Deformable templates. In Active Vision, A. Blake and A. Yuille (Eds.), MIT Press: Cambridge, Mass, pp. 21-38."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1007977618277.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1007977618277\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1007977618277.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T09:36:08Z","timestamp":1754904968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1007977618277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}},"alternative-id":["140725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1007977618277","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-5691","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]}}}