{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T14:40:07Z","timestamp":1749220807323,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]],"date-time":"2000-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":975628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008107924617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T13:17:47Z","timestamp":1040563067000},"page":"335-347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Computerised Auto-Scoring System Based Upon Feature Extraction and Neural Network Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"D. J.","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y. C.","family":"Soh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"269703_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0450-1","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms","author":"J. C. Bezdek","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bezdek, J. C.: Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms, Plenum, New York, 1981."},{"key":"269703_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1987.6499296","volume":"17","author":"J. C. Bezdek","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bezdek, J. C., Hathaway, R. J., Sabin, M. J., and Tucker, W. T.: Convergence theory for fuzzy C-means: Counterexamples and repairs, IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet.\n17 (1987), 873-877.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet."},{"key":"269703_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198538493.001.0001","volume-title":"Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition","author":"C. M. Bishop","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bishop, C. M.: Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition, Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 1995."},{"key":"269703_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-189X(86)80047-0","volume":"34","author":"G. Borgefors","year":"1986","unstructured":"Borgefors, G.: Distance transformation in digital images, Comput. Vision Graphics Images Proc.\n34 (1986), 344-371.","journal-title":"Comput. Vision Graphics Images Proc."},{"key":"269703_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1006\/dspr.1994.1016","volume":"4","author":"G. Bors","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bors, G. and Gabbouj, M.: Minimal topology for a radial basis functions neural networks for pattern classification, Digital Processing\n4 (1994), 173-188.","journal-title":"Digital Processing"},{"key":"269703_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.1961.5219197","volume":"10","author":"H. Freeman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Freeman, H.: On the encoding of arbitrary geometric configurations, IRE Trans. Electronic Computers\n10 (June 1961), 260-268.","journal-title":"IRE Trans. Electronic Computers"},{"key":"269703_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00195855","volume":"63","author":"F. Girosi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Girosi, F. and Poggio, T.: Networks and the best approximation property, Biological Cybernetics\n63 (1990), 169-176.","journal-title":"Biological Cybernetics"},{"key":"269703_CR8","volume-title":"Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning","author":"D. E. Goldberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goldberg, D. E.: Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1989."},{"key":"269703_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1109\/34.107014","volume":"14","author":"M. Gori","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gori, M. and Tesi, A.: On the problem of local minima in backpropagation, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intelligence\n14 (1992), 76-86.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intelligence"},{"key":"269703_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hathaway, R. J. and Bezdek, J. C.: NERF c-means non-Euclidean relational fuzzy clustering, Pattern Recognition\n27, 429-437.","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)90119-8"},{"key":"269703_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1969.tb12670.x","volume":"157","author":"J. Hilditch","year":"1969","unstructured":"Hilditch, J. and Rutovitz, D.: Chromosome recognition, Ann. New York Acad. Sci.\n157 (1969), 339-364.","journal-title":"Ann. New York Acad. Sci."},{"key":"269703_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.678658","volume":"28","author":"D. S. Huang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Huang, D. S.: The local minima-free condition of feedforward neural networks for outersupervised learning, IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet. B\n28 (1998), 477-480.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Systems Man Cybernet. B"},{"key":"269703_CR13","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing","author":"A. K. Jain","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jain, A. K.: Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Clifs, NJ, 1989."},{"key":"269703_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","volume":"220","author":"S. Kirkpatrick","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C. D., and Vecchi, M. P.: Optimization by stimulated annealing, Science\n220 (1983), 671-680.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"269703_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1109\/72.165597","volume":"3","author":"S. Knerr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Knerr, S., Personnaz, L., and Dreyfus, G.: Handwritten digit recognition by neural networks with single-layer training, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks\n3(6) (1992), 962-968.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"issue":"1","key":"269703_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1109\/72.554195","volume":"8","author":"S. Lawrence","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lawrence, S., Giles, C. L., Tsoi, A. C., and Back, A. D.: Face recognition: A convolutional neural networks approach, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks (Special Issue on Neural Networks and Pattern Recognition) 8(1) (1997), 98-113.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"269703_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(91)90005-P","volume":"4","author":"S. Lee","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee, S. and Kil, R. M.: A Gaussian potential function network with hierarchically selforganizing learning, Neural Networks\n4 (1991), 207-224.","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"issue":"5","key":"269703_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(95)00020-Z","volume":"8","author":"S.-W. Lee","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lee, S.-W.: Multilayer cluster neural networks for totally unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition, Neural Networks\n8(5) (1995), 783-792.","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"269703_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(94)00244-2","volume":"70","author":"S. Mitra","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mitra, S., Kuncheva, L., and Ludmila, I.: Improving classification performance using MLP and two-level selective partitioning of the feature space, Fuzzy Set Systems\n70 (1995), 1-13.","journal-title":"Fuzzy Set Systems"},{"key":"269703_CR20","first-page":"191","volume":"5","author":"I. Mokris","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mokris, I., Barath, J., and Semancik, L.: Image recognition by means of singular value decomposition and multilayered percepton, Neural Networks World\n5 (1995), 191-197.","journal-title":"Neural Networks World"},{"key":"269703_CR21","unstructured":"Moody, J.: A fast learning algorithm for parsimonious fuzzy neural systems, in: Proc. of the 5th European Control Conf., Karlsruhe, Germany, 1999."},{"key":"269703_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1989.1.2.281","volume":"1","author":"J. Moody","year":"1989","unstructured":"Moody, J. and Darken, C. J.: Fast learning in network of locally-tuned processing units, Neural Computation\n1 (1989), 281-294.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"269703_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(05)80038-3","volume":"5","author":"T. Musavi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Musavi, T. et al.: On the training of radial basis function classifiers, Neural Networks\n5 (1992), 595-603.","journal-title":"Neural Networks"},{"key":"269703_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1991.3.2.246","volume":"3","author":"J. Park","year":"1991","unstructured":"Park, J. and Wsandberg, J.: Universal approximation using radial basis functions network, Neural Computation\n3 (1991), 246-257.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"4","key":"269703_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1109\/72.701174","volume":"9","author":"W. Pedrycz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pedrycz,W.: conditional fuzzy clustering in the design of radial basis function neural networks, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks\n9(4) (1998), 601-612.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"269703_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1109\/72.410380","volume":"6","author":"X. H. Yu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yu, X. H. and Chen, G. A.: On the local minima free condition of backpropagation learning, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks\n6 (1995), 1300-1303.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"}],"container-title":["Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1008107924617.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1008107924617\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1008107924617.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T14:19:59Z","timestamp":1749219599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1008107924617"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}},"alternative-id":["269703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1008107924617","relation":{},"ISSN":["0921-0296","1573-0409"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0921-0296"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-0409"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}}}