{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:07:59Z","timestamp":1774973279979,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Computer Vision"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008118801668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T08:17:47Z","timestamp":1040545067000},"page":"59-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Morphable Models for the Analysis and Synthesis of Complex Motion Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Martin A.","family":"Giese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomaso","family":"Poggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"266551_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, T., Taylor, C.J., Lanitis, A., and Cootes, T.F. 1997. Tracking and recognizing hand gestures, using statistical shape models. Image and Vision Computing, 19, in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(96)01136-5"},{"key":"266551_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195073591.001.0001","volume-title":"Simulating Humans","author":"N.I. Badler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Badler, N.I. 1993. Simulating Humans. Oxford University Press: New York."},{"key":"266551_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1905","volume":"272","author":"D. Beymer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beymer, D. and Poggio, T. 1996. Image representations for visual learning. Science, 272:1905\u20131909.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"266551_CR4","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Example-based image analysis and synthesis","author":"D. Beymer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beymer, D., Shashua, A., and Poggio, T. 1993. Example-based image analysis and synthesis. Technical Report 1431, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"266551_CR5","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, Cambridge","author":"M.J. Black","year":"1996","unstructured":"Black, M.J. and Jepson, A.D. 1996. Eigen tracking: Robust matching and tracking of articulated objects using a view-based representation. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, Cambridge. Springer, NY."},{"key":"266551_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1555-7","volume-title":"Active Contours","author":"A. Blake","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blake, A. and Isard, M. 1998. Active Contours. Springer: New York."},{"key":"266551_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanz, V. and Vetter, T. 1999. Morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99, Los Angeles, pp. 187\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311556"},{"key":"266551_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruderlin, A. and Williams, L. 1995. Motion signal processing. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 95, Los Angeles, pp. 97\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218421"},{"key":"266551_CR9","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Task-specific gesture analysis in real-time using interpolated views","author":"T.J. Darrell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Darrell, T.J., Essa, I.A., and Pentland, A. 1995. Task-specific gesture analysis in real-time using interpolated views. Technical Report 364, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"266551_CR10","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"The representation and recognition of action using temporal templates","author":"J.W. Davis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Davis, J.W. and Bobick, A.F. 1996. The representation and recognition of action using temporal templates. Technical Report 402, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"266551_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598232","volume":"19","author":"I.A. Essa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Essa, I.A. and Pentland, A.P. 1997. Coding, analysis, interpretation and recognition of facial expressions. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, 19:757\u2013763.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"266551_CR12","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Visual speech synthesis by morphing visemes","author":"T. Ezzat","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ezzat, T. and Poggio, T. 1999. Visual speech synthesis by morphing visemes. Technical Report 1658, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"266551_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1998.0716","volume":"73","author":"D.M. Gavrila","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gavrila, D.M. 1999. The visual analysis of human movement: A survey. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 73:82\u201398.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"key":"266551_CR14","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Proceedings of the MVIEW 99 Symposium at CVPR, Fort Collins, CO","author":"M.A. Giese","year":"1999","unstructured":"Giese, M.A. and Poggio, T. 1999. Synthesis and recognition of biological motion patterns based on linear superposition of prototypical motion sequences. In Proceedings of the MVIEW 99 Symposium at CVPR, Fort Collins, CO, IEEE (Ed.), IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, pp. 73\u201380."},{"key":"266551_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.2.219","volume":"7","author":"F. Girosi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Girosi, F., Jones, M., and Poggio, T. 1995. Regularization theory and neural network architectures. Neural Computation, 7:219\u2013269.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"266551_CR16","unstructured":"Jones, M. and Pogio, T. 1997. Model-based matching by linear combinations of prototypes. In Proceedings of the DARPA Image Understanding Workshop, New Orleans, LA, pp. 1357\u20131365."},{"key":"266551_CR17","volume-title":"Multidimensional morphable models: A framework for representing and matching object classes","author":"M.J. Jones","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jones, M.J. 1997. Multidimensional morphable models: A framework for representing and matching object classes. Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"266551_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J. and Shin, S.Y. 1999. A hierarchical approach to interactive motion editiong for human-like figures. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 99, Los Angeles, pp. 39\u201348.","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311539"},{"key":"266551_CR19","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Analyzing and recognizing walking figures in XYT","author":"S.A. Niyogi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Niyogi, S.A. and Adelson, E.H. 1994. Analyzing and recognizing walking figures in XYT. Technical Report 223, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"266551_CR20","first-page":"522","volume":"2","author":"J. O'Rourke","year":"1982","unstructured":"O'Rourke, J. and Badler, N.I. 1982. Model-based analysis of human motion using constraint propagation. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, 2:522\u2013536.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"266551_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/343263a0","volume":"343","author":"T. Poggio","year":"1990","unstructured":"Poggio, T. and Edelman, S. 1990. A network that learns to recognize three-dimensional objects. Nature, 343:263\u2013266.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"266551_CR22","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Speech Recognition","author":"L. Rabiner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rabiner, L. and Juang, B.H. 1993. Fundamentals of Speech Recognition. Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"266551_CR23","volume-title":"Three-dimensional correspondence","author":"C.R. Shelton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shelton, C.R. 1998. Three-dimensional correspondence. Master's Thesis, Dept. of Computer Science, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"266551_CR24","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Proceeding of International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition","author":"T. Starner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Starner, T. and Pentland, A.P. 1995. Recognition of American sign language using hidden Markov models. In Proceeding of International Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. IEEE Press, Los Alamitos, pp. 265\u2013270."},{"key":"266551_CR25","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion of Non-Rigid and Articulated Objects","author":"K. Takahashi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Takahashi, K., Seki, S., Kojima, H., and Oka, R. 1994. Recognition of dexterous manipulations from time-varying images. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion of Non-Rigid and Articulated Objects, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos CA, pp. 23\u201328."},{"key":"266551_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1109\/34.99234","volume":"13","author":"S. Ullman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ullman, S. and Basri, R. 1991. Recognition by linear combination of models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, 13:992\u20131006.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"266551_CR27","volume-title":"Statistical Learning Theory","author":"V.N. Vapnik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vapnik, V.N. 1998. Statistical Learning Theory. Wiley: New York."},{"issue":"2","key":"266551_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008058932445","volume":"28","author":"T. Vetter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vetter, T. 1998. Synthesis of novel views from a single face image. International Journal of Computer Vision, 28(2):103\u2013116.","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"266551_CR29","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Linear object classes and image synthesis from a single example image","author":"T. Vetter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vetter, T. and Poggio, T. 1995. Linear object classes and image synthesis from a single example image. Technical Report 1531, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA."},{"issue":"7","key":"266551_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598230","volume":"19","author":"T. Vetter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Vetter, T. and Poggio, T. 1997. Linear object classes and image synthesis from a single example. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, 19(7):733\u2013742.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"266551_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598236","volume":"19","author":"C. Wren","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wren, C., Azarbayejani, A., Darrell, T., and Pantland, A. 1997. Real-time tracking of a human body. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence, 19:780\u2013785.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"266551_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1006\/cviu.1998.0726","volume":"73","author":"Y. Yacoob","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yacoob, Y. and Black, M.J. 1999. Parameterized modeling and recognition of activities. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 73(2):232\u2013247.","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Computer Vision"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1008118801668.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1008118801668\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1008118801668.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T09:54:31Z","timestamp":1754906071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1008118801668"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["266551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1008118801668","relation":{},"ISSN":["0920-5691","1573-1405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0920-5691","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1405","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}