{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:56:20Z","timestamp":1773777380820,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]],"date-time":"2000-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":951868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Global Optimization"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008308218364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T14:41:38Z","timestamp":1040568098000},"page":"245-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Note on a Penalty Function Approach for Solving Bilevel Linear Programs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Manoel","family":"Campelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Dantas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Scheimberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"257680_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1109\/9.58565","volume":"35","author":"G. Anandalingam","year":"1990","unstructured":"Anandalingam, G. and White, D.J. (1990), A Solution Method for the Linear Static Stackelberg Problem using Penalty Functions, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 35(10): 1170-1173.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control"},{"key":"257680_CR2","volume-title":"Nonlinear Programming: Theory and Algorithms","author":"M.S. Bazaraa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bazaraa, M.S., Sherali, H.D. and Shetty, C.M. (1979), Nonlinear Programming: Theory and Algorithms, Wiley, New York."},{"key":"257680_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0548(93)90013-9","volume":"20","author":"O. Ben-Ayed","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ben-Ayed, O. (1993), Bilevel Linear Programming, Computers and Operations Research 20: 485-501.","journal-title":"Computers and Operations Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"257680_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.30.8.1004","volume":"30","author":"W.F. Bialas","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bialas, W.F. and Karwan, M.H. (1984), Two-Level Linear Programming, Management Science 30(8): 1004-1020.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"257680_CR5","unstructured":"Camp\u00ealo, M., Dantas, S. and Scheimberg, S. (1998), A Note on a Penalty Function Approach for Solving Bi-Level Linear Programs, Tech. Report ES-467\/ 98, Engenharia de Sistemas e Computa\u00e7\u00e3o, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro."},{"issue":"5","key":"257680_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.10.5.711","volume":"10","author":"A. Charnes","year":"1962","unstructured":"Charnes, A., Cooper, W.W. and Thompson, G.L. (1962), Some Properties of Redundant Constraints and Extraneous Variables in Direct and Dual Linear Programming Problems, Operations Reserach 10(5): 711-723.","journal-title":"Operations Reserach"},{"key":"257680_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/02331938708843247","volume":"18","author":"S. Dempe","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dempe, S. (1987), a Simple Algorithm for the Linear Bilevel Programming Problem, Optimization 18: 373-385.","journal-title":"Optimization"},{"key":"257680_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1137\/0913069","volume":"13","author":"P. Hansen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hansen, P., Jaumard, B. and Savard, G. (1992), New Branch-and-Bound Rules for Linear Bilevel Programming, SIAM J. on Scientific and Statistical Computing 13: 1194-1217.","journal-title":"SIAM J. on Scientific and Statistical Computing"},{"key":"257680_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-02598-7","volume-title":"Global Optimization: Deterministic Approaches","author":"R. Horst","year":"1990","unstructured":"Horst, R. and Tuy, H. (1990), Global Optimization: Deterministic Approaches, Springer-Verlag, Berlin."},{"key":"257680_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400873173","volume-title":"Convex Analysis","author":"R.T. Rockafeller","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rockafeller, R.T. (1970), Convex Analysis, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ."},{"key":"257680_CR11","first-page":"32","volume":"158","author":"H. Tuy","year":"1964","unstructured":"Tuy, H. (1964), Concave Programming under Linear Constraints, Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR 158: 32-35 [English version: Soviet Mathematics 5: 1437-1440].","journal-title":"Doklady Academii Nauk SSSR"},{"key":"257680_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01100237","volume":"3","author":"H. Tuy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tuy, H., Migdalas, A. and V\u00e4rbrand, P. (1993), A Global Optimization Approach for the Linear Two-Level Program, Journal of Global Optimization 3: 1-23.","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"},{"issue":"3","key":"257680_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01096458","volume":"5","author":"L.N. Vicente","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vicente, L.N. and Calamai, P.H. (1994), Bilevel and Multilevel Programming: a Bibliography Review, Journal of Global Optimization 5(3): 291-306.","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"},{"key":"257680_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01096412","volume":"3","author":"D.J. White","year":"1993","unstructured":"White, D.J. and Anandalingam, G. (1993), A Penalty Function Approach for Solving Bi-Level Linear Programs, Journal of Global Optimization 3: 397-419.","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Optimization"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1008308218364.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1008308218364\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1008308218364.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T10:42:41Z","timestamp":1751366561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1008308218364"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}},"alternative-id":["257680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1008308218364","relation":{},"ISSN":["0925-5001","1573-2916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0925-5001","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2916","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3]]}}}