{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T20:55:12Z","timestamp":1771275312238,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Comput Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1008971908649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T17:46:35Z","timestamp":1040579195000},"page":"171-185","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["The Autapse: A Simple Illustration of Short-Term Analog Memory Storage by Tuned Synaptic Feedback"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"H. Sebastian","family":"Seung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ben Y.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Tank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"270317_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511574566","volume-title":"Corticonics: Neural Circuits of the Cerebral Cortex","author":"M Abeles","year":"1991","unstructured":"Abeles M (1991) Corticonics: Neural Circuits of the Cerebral Cortex. Cambridge University, Cambridge."},{"key":"270317_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00040164","volume":"18","author":"DJ Amit","year":"1995","unstructured":"Amit DJ (1995) The Hebbian paradigm reintegrated: Local reverberations as internal representations. Behav. Brain Sci. 18:617-626.","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Sci."},{"key":"270317_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6435","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-11-06435.1994","volume":"14","author":"DJ Amit","year":"1994","unstructured":"Amit DJ, Brunel N, Tsodyks MV (1994) Correlations of cortical Hebbian reverberations: Theory versus experiment. J. Neurosci. 14:6435-6445.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"270317_CR4","first-page":"327","volume":"B337","author":"DB Arnold","year":"1992","unstructured":"Arnold DB, Robinson DA (1992) A neural network model of the vestibulo-ocular reflex using a local synaptic learning rule. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B337:327-330.","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"270317_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02454142","volume":"113","author":"DB Arnold","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arnold DB, Robinson DA (1997) The oculomotor integrator: Testing of a neural network model. Exp. Brain Res. 113:57-74.","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"270317_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7834","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.17.7834","volume":"88","author":"JM Bekkers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bekkers JM, Stevens CF (1991) Excitatory and inhibitory autaptic currents in isolated hippocampal neurons maintained in cell culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88(17):7834-7838.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"270317_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008837311948","volume":"5","author":"M Camperi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Camperi M, Wang XJ (1998) A model of visuospatial working memory in prefrontal cortex: Recurrent network and cellular bistability [in process citation]. J. Comput. Neurosci. 5(4):383-405.","journal-title":"J. Comput. Neurosci."},{"key":"270317_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00320393","volume":"49","author":"SC Cannon","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cannon SC, Robinson DA, Shamma S (1983) A proposed neural network for the integrator of the oculomotor system. Biol. Cybern. 49:127-136.","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"key":"270317_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.4.679","volume":"6","author":"B Ermentrout","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ermentrout B (1994) Reduction of conductance-based models with slow synapses to neural nets. Neural Comput. 6:679-695.","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"270317_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017106","volume":"10","author":"B Ermentrout","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ermentrout B (1998a) Linearization of f-i curves by adaptation. Neural Comput. 10:1721-1729.","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"270317_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/61\/4\/002","volume":"61","author":"B Ermentrout","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ermentrout B (1998b) Neural networks as spatio-temporal pattern-forming systems. Rep. Prog. Phys. 61:353-430.","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. Phys."},{"key":"270317_CR12","volume-title":"Memory in the Cerebral Cortex","author":"JM Fluster","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fluster JM (1995) Memory in the Cerebral Cortex. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"270317_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8465199","volume":"260","author":"AP Georgopoulos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Georgopoulos AP, Taira M, Lukashin A (1993) Cognitive neurophysiology of the motor cortex. Science 260:47-52.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"270317_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1993.5.1.1","volume":"5","author":"M Griniasty","year":"1993","unstructured":"Griniasty M, Tsodyks MV, Amit DJ (1993) Conversion of temporal correlations between stimuli to spatial correlations between attractors. Neural Comput. 5:1-17.","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"270317_CR15","volume-title":"Organizational Behavior","author":"DO Hebb","year":"1949","unstructured":"Hebb DO (1949) Organizational Behavior. Wiley, New York."},{"key":"270317_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_6_3_006","volume":"6","author":"M Herrmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Herrmann M, Hertz JA, Prugel-Bennett A (1995) Analysis of synfire chains. Network 6:403-414.","journal-title":"Network"},{"key":"270317_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_7_2_017","volume":"7","author":"J Hertz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hertz J, Prugel-Bennett A (1996) Learning short synfire chains by self-organization. Network 7:357-363.","journal-title":"Network"},{"key":"270317_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.8.2554","volume":"79","author":"JJ Hopfield","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hopfield JJ (1982) Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:2554-2558.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"270317_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-5564(76)90073-0","volume":"30","author":"BY Kamath","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kamath BY, Keller EL (1976) A neurological integrator for the oculomotor control system. Math. Biosci. 30:341-352.","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"270317_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1933.02240140009001","volume":"30","author":"R Lorente de No","year":"1933","unstructured":"Lorente de No R (1933) Vestibulo-ocular reflex arc. Arch. Neurol. Psych. 30:245-291.","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol. Psych."},{"issue":"10","key":"270317_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03209.1996","volume":"16","author":"J Lubke","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lubke J, Markram H, Frotscher M, Sakmann B (1996) Frequency and dendritic distribution of autapses established by layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the developing rat neocortex: Comparison with synaptic innervation of adjacent neurons of the same class. J. Neurosci. 16(10):3209-3218.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"270317_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_8_4_002","volume":"8","author":"W Maass","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maass W, Natschlager T (1997) Networks of spiking neurons can emulate arbitrary Hopfield nets in temporal coding. Network 8:355-371.","journal-title":"Network"},{"key":"270317_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(96)80073-0","volume":"6","author":"RU Muller","year":"1996","unstructured":"Muller RU, Ranck Jr JB, Taube JS (1996) Head direction cells: Properties and functional significance. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6:196-206.","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"270317_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017917","volume":"10","author":"H Nakahara","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nakahara H, Doya K (1998) Near-saddle-node bifurcation behavior as dynamics in working memory for goal-directed behavior. Neural Comput. 10(1):113-132.","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"issue":"6753","key":"270317_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/44145","volume":"401","author":"Y Prut","year":"1999","unstructured":"Prut Y, Fetz EE (1999) Primate spinal interneurons show premovement instructed delay activity. Nature 401(6753):590-594.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"270317_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1992.4.4.534","volume":"4","author":"J Rinzel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rinzel J, Frankel P (1992) Activity patterns of a slow synapse network predicted by explicitly averaging spike dynamics. Neural Comput. 4:534-545.","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"issue":"6735","key":"270317_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/20939","volume":"399","author":"R Romo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Romo R, Brody CD, Hernandez A, Lemus L (1999) Neuronal correlates of parametric working memory in the prefrontal cortex. Nature 399(6735):470-473.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"270317_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4575-7","volume-title":"Averaging Methods in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems. Applied mathematical sciences","author":"JA Sanders","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sanders JA, Verhulst F (1985) Averaging Methods in Nonlinear Dynamical Systems. Applied mathematical sciences. Springer-Verlag, New York."},{"issue":"4","key":"270317_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.4.761","volume":"65","author":"MM Segal","year":"1991","unstructured":"Segal MM (1991) Epileptiform activity in microcultures containing one excitatory hippocampul neuron. J. Neurophysiol. 65(4):761-770.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"270317_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.72.4.1874","volume":"72","author":"MM Segal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Segal MM (1994) Endogenous bursts underlie seizurelike activity in solitary excitatory hippocampal neurons in microcultures. J. Neurophysiol. 72(4):1874-1884.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"270317_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13339","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13339","volume":"93","author":"HS Seung","year":"1996","unstructured":"Seung HS (1996) How the brain keeps the eyes still. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:13339-13344.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"1","key":"270317_CR32","first-page":"8","volume":"23","author":"HS Seung","year":"1997","unstructured":"Seung HS (1997) Learning to integrate without visual feedback. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 23(1):8.","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"270317_CR33","first-page":"654","volume":"10","author":"HS Seung","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seung HS (1998) Learning continuous attractors in recurrent networks. Adv. Neural Info. Proc. Sys. 10:654-660.","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Info. Proc. Sys."},{"key":"270317_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81155-1","volume":"26","author":"HS Seung","year":"2000","unstructured":"Seung HS, Lee DD, Reis BY, Tank DW (2000) Stability of the memory of eye position in a recurrent network of conductance-based model neurons. Neuron. 26:259-271.","journal-title":"Neuron."},{"key":"270317_CR35","unstructured":"Shriki O, Sompolinksy H, Hansel D (1999) Rate models for conductance based cortical neural networks. Unpublished."},{"issue":"16","key":"270317_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6352","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-16-06352.1997","volume":"17","author":"G Tamas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tamas G, Buhl EH, Somogyi P (1997) Massive autaptic self-innervation of gabaergic neurons in cat visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 17(16):6352-6364.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"270317_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.3.1549","volume":"79","author":"XJ Wang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wang XJ (1998) Calcium coding and adaptive temporal computation in cortical pyramidal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 79:1549-1566.","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"270317_CR38","first-page":"534","volume":"1992","author":"XJ Wang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wang XJ, Rinzel J (1992) Alternating and synchronous rhythms in reciprocally coupled inhibitory model neurons. Neural Comput. 1992:534-545.","journal-title":"Neural Comput."},{"key":"270317_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-06-02112.1996","volume":"16","author":"K Zhang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zhang K (1996) Representation of spatial orientation by the intrinsic dynamics of the head-direction cell ensemble: A theory. J. Neurosci. 16:2112-2126.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"270317_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3406","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-08-03406.1993","volume":"13","author":"D Zisper","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zisper D, Kehoe B, Littlewort G, Fuster J (1993) A spiking network model of short-term active memory. J. Neurosci. 13:3406-3420.","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1008971908649.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1008971908649\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1008971908649.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T09:34:38Z","timestamp":1749202478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1008971908649"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["270317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1008971908649","relation":{},"ISSN":["0929-5313","1573-6873"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0929-5313","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6873","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}