{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T04:03:23Z","timestamp":1747627403919,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1014338000161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,28]],"date-time":"2002-12-28T20:15:16Z","timestamp":1041106516000},"page":"205-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Applying Learning by Examples for Digital Design Automation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ben","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"397928_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1109\/69.382304","volume":"7","author":"P. Frasconi","year":"1995","unstructured":"P. Frasconi, M. Giro, M. Maggini, and G. Soda, \u201cUnified integration of explicit knowledge and learning by example in recurrent networks,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 340\u2013346, 1995.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"397928_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007402410823","volume":"30","author":"A. Blum","year":"1998","unstructured":"A. Blum and A. Kalai, \u201cNote on learning from multiple-instance examples,\u201d Machine Learning, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 23\u201329, 1998.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"issue":"4","key":"397928_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1109\/21.156576","volume":"22","author":"I. Pitas","year":"1992","unstructured":"I. Pitas, E. Milios, and A.N. Venetsanopoulos, \u201cA minimum entropy approach to rule learning from examples,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 621\u2013635, 1992.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"397928_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1109\/41.170975","volume":"39","author":"S.P. Eberhardt","year":"1992","unstructured":"S.P. Eberhardt, R. Tawel, T.X. Brown, T. Daud, and A.P. Thakoor, \u201cAnalog VLSI neural networks\u2014implementation issues and examples in optimization and supervised learning,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 552\u2013564, 1992.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics"},{"key":"397928_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-59497-3_252","volume":"930","author":"O. Vermesan","year":"1995","unstructured":"O.Vermesan, \u201cAmodular VLSI architecture for neural networks implementation,\u201d From Natural to Artificial Neural Computation, vol. 930, pp. 794\u2013799, 1995.","journal-title":"From Natural to Artificial Neural Computation"},{"issue":"1","key":"397928_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-007X(199601\/02)24:1<93::AID-CTA906>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"24","author":"S. Espejo","year":"1996","unstructured":"S. Espejo, R. Carmona, R. DominguezCastro, and A. RodriguezVazquez, \u201cA CNN universal chip in CMOS technology,\u201d International Journal on Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 93\u2013109, 1996.","journal-title":"International Journal on Circuit Theory and Applications"},{"key":"397928_CR7","unstructured":"Proceedings of the 1998 Symposium on VLSI Technology Source, Symposium on VLSI Technology (sponsored by IEEE), 1998."},{"key":"397928_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Moini, K. Eshraghian, and A. Bouzerdoum, \u201cImpact of VLSI technology on neural networks,\u201d IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 158\u2013163, 1995.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488085"},{"key":"397928_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.E. Rumelhart, G.E. Hinton, and R.J.Willians, \u201cLearning internal representations by error propagation,\u201d Parallel Distributed Processing, vol. 1, 1987.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-1446-7.50035-2"},{"key":"397928_CR10","volume-title":"Neurocomputing","author":"R. Hecht-Nielsen","year":"1990","unstructured":"R. Hecht-Nielsen, Neurocomputing, Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA, 1990."},{"key":"397928_CR11","volume-title":"Foundations of Neural Networks","author":"T. Khanna","year":"1990","unstructured":"T. Khanna, Foundations of Neural Networks, Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA, 1990."},{"key":"397928_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.C. Anderson, \u201cNeural network machines,\u201d IEEE Potentials, pp. 13\u201316, Feb. 1989.","DOI":"10.1109\/45.31575"},{"key":"397928_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00139193","volume":"3","author":"J.B. Pollack","year":"1989","unstructured":"J.B. Pollack, \u201cConnectionism: Past, present, and future,\u201d Artifi-cial Intelligence Review, vol. 3, pp. 3\u201322, 1989.","journal-title":"Artifi-cial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"397928_CR14","volume-title":"The Mathematical Foundations of Learning Machines","author":"N.J. Nilsson","year":"1990","unstructured":"N.J. Nilsson, The Mathematical Foundations of Learning Machines, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers: San Mateo, CA, 1990."},{"key":"397928_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bibyk and M. Ismail, \u201cIssues in analog VLSI and MOS techniques for neural computing,\u201d in Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural systems, edited by C. Mead and M. Ismail, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 103\u2013133, 1989.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1639-8_5"},{"key":"397928_CR16","unstructured":"J. Hootman, (Ed.), IEEE Micro, Special Issue on Silicon Neural Networks, Dec., 1989."},{"key":"397928_CR17","volume-title":"Analog VLSI and Neural Systems","author":"C. Mead","year":"1989","unstructured":"C. Mead, Analog VLSI and Neural Systems, Addison-Wesley: Reading, MA, 1989."},{"key":"397928_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-1639-8","volume-title":"Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems","author":"C. Mead","year":"1989","unstructured":"C. Mead and M. Ismail, Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Boston, 1989."},{"key":"397928_CR19","volume-title":"Analog VLSI Signal and Information Processing","author":"M. Ismail","year":"1994","unstructured":"M. Ismail and T. Fiez, Analog VLSI Signal and Information Processing, McGraw-Hill: New York, 1994."},{"issue":"3","key":"397928_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008222414574","volume":"15","author":"H.C. Card","year":"1998","unstructured":"H.C. Card, D.K. McNeill, and C.R. Schneider, \u201cAnalog VLSI circuits for competitive learning networks,\u201d Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 291\u2013314, 1998.","journal-title":"Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing"},{"issue":"6","key":"397928_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1109\/41.170975","volume":"39","author":"P.S. Eberhardt","year":"1992","unstructured":"P.S. Eberhardt, R. Tawel, T.X. Brown, T. Daud, and A.P. Thakoor, \u201cAnalog VLSI neural networks: Implementation issues and examples in optimization and supervised learning,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 522\u2013564, 1992.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics"},{"issue":"1","key":"397928_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/72.80203","volume":"1","author":"M.W. Roth","year":"1990","unstructured":"M.W. Roth, \u201cSurvey of neural network technology for automatic target recognition,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 1, no.1, pp. 28\u201343, 1990.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks"},{"key":"397928_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.L. Giles, G.M. Kuhn, and R.J. Williams (Guest Editors), \u201cSpecial issue on dynamic recurrent neural networks, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 5, no. 2, 1994.","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.1994.8753425"},{"key":"397928_CR24","unstructured":"M.I. Jordan, \u201cAttractor dynamics and parallelism in connectionist sequential machine,\u201d in Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 521\u2013545, 1986."},{"key":"397928_CR25","unstructured":"Y. Bengio, P. Frasconi, and P. Simard, \u201cThe problem of learning long-term dependencies in recurrent networks,\u201d in IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, 1993."},{"key":"397928_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Bengio, P. Simard, and P. Frasconi, \u201cLearning long-term dependencies with gradient descent is difficult,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 5, no. 2, 1994.","DOI":"10.1109\/72.279181"},{"key":"397928_CR27","volume-title":"Digital Design Fundamentals","author":"K.J. Breeding","year":"1992","unstructured":"K.J. Breeding, Digital Design Fundamentals, Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992."},{"key":"397928_CR28","volume-title":"Digital Systems Design with VHDL and Synthesis: An Integrated Approach","author":"K.C. Chang","year":"1999","unstructured":"K.C. Chang, Digital Systems Design with VHDL and Synthesis: An Integrated Approach, IEEE Computer Society: Los Alamitos, CA, 1999."},{"key":"397928_CR29","unstructured":"H. Dicken and M. Griffith (Eds.), ASIC Outlook, 1998: An Application Specific IC Report and Directory, Integrated Circuit Engineering Corporation, Nov. 1997."},{"key":"397928_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Porat and J.A. Feldman, \u201cLearning automata from ordered examples,\u201d in Proceedings of the 1988 Workshop on Computational Learning Theory (also on Machine Learning, 1991), 1988.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA206851"},{"issue":"3","key":"397928_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1109\/21.364856","volume":"25","author":"I. Rouvellou","year":"1995","unstructured":"I. Rouvellou and G.W. Hart, \u201cInference of a probabilistic finite state machine from its output,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 424\u2013437, 1995.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"397928_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1972.5009015","volume":"21","author":"A.W. Biermann","year":"1972","unstructured":"A.W. Biermann and J.A. Feldman, \u201cOn the synthesis of finitestate machines from samples of their behavior,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 21, pp. 592\u2013597, 1972.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Computers"},{"issue":"2","key":"397928_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/027836499101000205","volume":"10","author":"B.J. Oommen","year":"1991","unstructured":"B.J. Oommen, N. Andrade, and S. Iyengar, \u201cTrajectory planning of robot manipulators in noisy work spaces using stochastic automata,\u201d International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 135\u2013148, 1991.","journal-title":"International Journal of Robotics Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"397928_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1985.6313371","volume":"SMC-15","author":"A.C. Barto","year":"1985","unstructured":"A.C. Barto and P. Anandan, \u201cPattern-recognizing stochastic learning automata,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. SMC-15, no. 3, pp. 360\u2013375, 1985.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"397928_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1109\/21.199471","volume":"22","author":"K. Lanctot","year":"1992","unstructured":"K. Lanctot and B.J. Oommen, \u201cDiscretized estimator learning automata,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 22, no. 6, 1992.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"key":"397928_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.L. Rivest and R.E. Schapire, \u201cInference of finite automata using homing sequences,\u201d in Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, May 15\u201317, pp. 411\u2013420, 1989.","DOI":"10.1145\/73007.73047"},{"key":"397928_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-5401(87)90052-6","volume":"75","author":"D. Angluin","year":"1987","unstructured":"D. Angluin, \u201cLearning regular sets from queries and counter examples,\u201d Information and Computation, vol. 75, pp. 87\u2013106, 1987.","journal-title":"Information and Computation"},{"key":"397928_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Angluin, \u201cA note on the number of queries needed to identify regular languages,\u201d Information and Control, 1981.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(81)90090-5"},{"key":"397928_CR39","unstructured":"O.H. Ibarra and T. Jiang, \u201cLearning regular languages from counterexamples,\u201d in Proceedings of the 1988 Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, 1988."},{"key":"397928_CR40","unstructured":"A. Marron, \u201cLearning pattern languages form a single initial example and from queries,\u201d in Proceedings of the 1988 Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, 1988."},{"key":"397928_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.M. Gold, \u201cSystem identification via state characterization,\u201d Automatica, 1972.","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(72)90033-7"},{"key":"397928_CR42","unstructured":"L.A. Litteral, \u201cAn algorithm for solving the sequential machine identification problem,\u201d Thesis, The Ohio State University, 1973."},{"key":"397928_CR43","volume-title":"Switching and Finite Automata Theory","author":"Z. Kohavi","year":"1978","unstructured":"Z.Kohavi, Switching and Finite Automata Theory,McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, 1978."},{"key":"397928_CR44","unstructured":"R.E. Schapire, \u201cDiversity-based inference of finite automata,\u201d MIT\/LCS\/TR-414, 1988."},{"key":"397928_CR45","first-page":"139","volume":"7","author":"M.C. Mozer","year":"1991","unstructured":"M.C. Mozer and J. Bachrach, \u201cSLUG: A connectionist architecture for inferring the structure of finite-state environments,\u201d Machine Learning, vol. 7, pp. 139\u2013160, 1991.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"397928_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037319","volume":"16","author":"B. Choi","year":"1998","unstructured":"B. Choi, \u201cAutomata for learning sequential tasks,\u201d New Generation Computing, vol. 16, pp. 23\u201354, 1998.","journal-title":"New Generation Computing"},{"issue":"3","key":"397928_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1109\/PGEC.1965.264140","volume":"14","author":"A. Grasselliand","year":"1965","unstructured":"A. Grasselliand and F. Luccio, \u201cA method for minimizing the number of internal states in incompletely specified sequential networks,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 350\u2013359, 1965.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers"},{"key":"397928_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W.S. Meisel, \u201cA note on internal state minimization in incompletely specified sequential networks,\u201d IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, pp. 508\u2013509, 1967.","DOI":"10.1109\/PGEC.1967.264674"},{"key":"397928_CR49","first-page":"306","volume":"37","author":"E.M. Gold","year":"1978","unstructured":"E.M. Gold, \u201cComplexity of automaton identification from given data,\u201d Information and Control, vol. 37, pp. 306\u2013320, 1978.","journal-title":"Information and Control"},{"key":"397928_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Pitt and M.K.Warmuth, \u201cThe minimum consistent DFAproblem cannot be approximated within any polynomial,\u201d in Proceedings of the 21 Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 421\u2013432, 1989.","DOI":"10.1145\/73007.73048"},{"issue":"2","key":"397928_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(94)90010-8","volume":"126","author":"R. Alur","year":"1994","unstructured":"R. Alur and D.L. Dill, \u201cTheory of timed automata,\u201d Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 183\u2013235, 1994.","journal-title":"Theoretical Computer Science"},{"key":"397928_CR52","unstructured":"C. Largou\u00ebt and M.O. Cordier, \u201cTimed automata model to improve the classification of a sequence of images,\u201d in Proc. of 14th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI' 2000), 2000, pp. 156\u2013160."},{"issue":"2","key":"397928_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008319830371","volume":"9","author":"A. Puri","year":"1999","unstructured":"A. Puri, \u201cUndecidable problem for timed automat,\u201d Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: Theory and Applications, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 135\u2013146, 1999.","journal-title":"Discrete Event Dynamic Systems: Theory and Applications"},{"key":"397928_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Alur, R.P. Kurshan, and M. Viswanatha, \u201cMembership questions for timed and hybrid automata,\u201d in Proceedings of Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1998, pp. 254\u2013263.","DOI":"10.1109\/REAL.1998.739751"}],"container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1014338000161.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1014338000161\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1014338000161.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T14:49:55Z","timestamp":1747579795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1014338000161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["397928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1014338000161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0924-669X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7497"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}