{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T04:21:50Z","timestamp":1779078110078,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,2,1]],"date-time":"2002-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1012521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1014848323806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,28]],"date-time":"2002-12-28T16:20:03Z","timestamp":1041092403000},"page":"171-193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":431,"title":["Journal impact measures in bibliometric research"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Gl\u00e4nzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henk F.","family":"Moed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"400216_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1177\/030631278001000203","volume":"10","author":"P. Allison","year":"1980","unstructured":"Allison, P. (1980), Inequality of scientific productivity, Social Studies of Science, 10: 163-179.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"400216_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630320303","volume":"32","author":"I. Asai","year":"1981","unstructured":"Asai, I. (1981), Adjusted age distribution and its application to Impact Factor and Immediacy Index, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 32:172-174.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"400216_CR3","unstructured":"Braun, T., Gl\u00c4nzel, W. (1995), On a source of error in computing Journal Impact Factors, Chemical Intelligencer, January, 31-32."},{"key":"400216_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017057","volume":"15","author":"T. Braun","year":"1989","unstructured":"Braun, T., Gl\u00c4nzel, W., Schubert, A. (1989), Some data on the distribution of journal publication types in the Science Citation Index Database, Scientometrics, 15: 325-330.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4060.471","volume":"178","author":"E. Garfield","year":"1972","unstructured":"Garfield, E. (1972), Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation, Science, 178: 471-479.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"400216_CR6","volume-title":"Citation Indexing: Its Theory and Applications in Science, Technology and Humanities","author":"E. Garfield","year":"1979","unstructured":"Garfield, E., Citation Indexing: Its Theory and Applications in Science, Technology and Humanities, New York: Wiley, 1979."},{"key":"400216_CR7","first-page":"3","volume":"3","author":"E. Garfield","year":"1986","unstructured":"Garfield, E. (1986), The evolution of physical chemistry to chemical physics, Current Contents, 3: 3-12.","journal-title":"Current Contents"},{"key":"400216_CR8","unstructured":"Garfield, E. (1987), Why are the impacts of leading medical journal so similar yet so different: Item-by-item audits reveal a diversity of editorial materials, Current Contents, January 12."},{"key":"400216_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(78)90066-3","volume":"14","author":"N. L. Geller","year":"1978","unstructured":"Geller, N. L. (1978), Citation influence methodology of Pinski and Narin, Information Processing and Management, 14: 93-95.","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"400216_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158801400208","volume":"14","author":"W. Gl\u00c4nzel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gl\u00c4nzel, W., Schubert, A. (1988), Characteristic scores and scales in assessing citation impact, Journal of Information Science, 14: 123-127.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"400216_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(94)E0012-Q","volume":"31","author":"W. Gl\u00c4nzel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gl\u00c4nzel, W., Schubert, A. (1995), Predictive aspects of a stochastic model for citation processes, Information Processing & Management, 31: 69-80.","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"400216_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017212","volume":"30","author":"W. Gl\u00c4nzel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gl\u00c4nzel, W., Schoepflin, U. (1994), A stochastic model for the ageing analyses of scientific literature, Scientometrics, 30: 49-64.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159502100104","volume":"21","author":"W. Gl\u00c4nzel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gl\u00c4nzel, W., Schoepflin, U. (1995), A bibliometric study on ageing and reception processes of scientific literature, Journal of Information Science, 21: 37-53.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"400216_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630290403","volume":"29","author":"G. Hirst","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hirst, G. (1978), Discipline Impact Factor: a method for determining core journal lists, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 29: 171-172.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"400216_CR15","first-page":"373","volume-title":"The Web of Knowledge: A Festschrift in Honor of Eugene Garfield","author":"P. Ingwersen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ingwersen, P., Larsen, B., Wormell, I. (2000), Applying diachronous citation analysis to research program evaluations, In: Cronin, B., Atkins, H. B. (Eds). The Web of Knowledge: A Festschrift in Honor of Eugene Garfield, Medford, N. J.: Information Today, Inc. & American Society for Information Science, pp. 373-387."},{"key":"400216_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03187274","volume":"46","author":"P. Ingwersen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ingwersen, P., Larsen, B., Rousseau, R., Russell., J. (2001), The publication-citation matrix and its derived quantities, Chinese Science Bulletin, 46: 524-528.","journal-title":"Chinese Science Bulletin"},{"key":"400216_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/030631277800800307","volume":"8","author":"D. Lindsey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lindsey, D. (1978), Corrected quality ratio: A composite index of scientific contribution to knowledge, Social Studies of Science, 8: 349-354.","journal-title":"Social Studies of Science"},{"key":"400216_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199507)46:6<461::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"46","author":"H. F. Moed","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moed, H. F., van Leeuwen, Th. N. (1995), Improving the accuracy of the Institute for Scientific Information's Journal Impact Factor, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 46: 461-467.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"400216_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/381186a0","volume":"381","author":"H. F. Moed","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moed, H. F., van Leeuwen, Th. N. (1996), Impact Factors can mislead, Nature, 381: 186.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"400216_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093487","volume":"37","author":"H. F. Moed","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moed, H. F., van Leeuwen, Th. N., Reedijk, J. (1996), A critical analysis of the Journal Impact Factors of Angewandte Chemie and the Journal of the American Chemical Society: Inaccuracies in published impact factors based on overall citations only, Scientometrics, 37: 105-115.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1108\/EUM0000000007175","volume":"54","author":"H.F. Moed","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moed, H.F., van Leeuwen, Th. N., Reedijk, J. (1998), A new classification system to describe the ageing of scientific journals and their impact factors. Journal of Documentation, 54: 387-419.","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"key":"400216_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02459613","volume":"46","author":"H.F. Moed","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moed, H.F., van Leeuwen, Th. N., Reedijk, J. A. (1999), Towards appropriate indicators of journal impact, Scientometrics, 46: 575-589","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(76)90048-0","volume":"12","author":"G. Pinski","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pinski, G., Narin, F. (1976), Citation influence for journal aggregates of scientific publications, Information Processing and Management, 12: 297-312.","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"400216_CR24","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Communication among Scientists and Engineers","author":"D. J. d. S. Price","year":"1970","unstructured":"Price, D. J. de Solla ( 1970), Citation measures of hard science, soft science, technology, and non-science, In: C. E. Nelson, D. K. Pollak (Eds), Communication among Scientists and Engineers (Heat, Lexington, Mass. pp. 1-12."},{"key":"400216_CR25","unstructured":"Rousseau, R. (1988), Citation distribution of pure mathematics journals. In: L. Egghe, R. Rousseau (Eds), Informetrics 87\/88, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., pp. 249-260."},{"key":"400216_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02097178","volume":"5","author":"A. Schubert","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schubert, A., Gl\u00c4nzel W. (1983), Statistical reliability of comparisons based on the citation impact of scientific publications, Scientometrics, 5: 59-74.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01599743","volume":"B36","author":"A. Schubert","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schubert, A., Gl\u00c4nzel, W. (1986), Mean response time. A new indicator of journal citation speed with application to physics journals, Czechoslovakian Journal of Physics, B 36: 121-125.","journal-title":"Czechoslovakian Journal of Physics"},{"key":"400216_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02016664","volume":"12","author":"A. Schubert","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schubert, A., Gl\u00c4nzel, W., Braun, T. (1987), Subject field characteristic citation scores and scales for assessing research performance, Scientometrics, 12: 267-291.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02093234","volume":"16","author":"A. Schubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schubert, A., Gl\u00c4nzel, W., Braun, T. (1989), Scientometric Datafiles. A comprehensive set of indicators on 2649 journals and 96 countries in all major fields and subfields 1981-1985, Scientometrics, 16: 3-478.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00175.x","volume":"52","author":"P. O. Seglen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Seglen, P. O. (1997), Citations and Journal Impact Factors: Questionable indicators of research quality, Allergy, 52: 1050-1056.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"400216_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02135121","volume":"4","author":"J. C. Smart","year":"1982","unstructured":"Smart, J. C., Elton, C. F. (1982), Consumption factor scores of psychology journals, Scientometrics, 4: 349-360.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02147225","volume":"5","author":"R. Todorov","year":"1983","unstructured":"Todorov, R. (1983), Condensed matter physics journals, Scientometrics, 5: 291-301.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"400216_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/016555158801400106","volume":"14","author":"R. Todorov","year":"1988","unstructured":"Todorov, R., Gl\u00c4nzel, W. (1988), Journal citation measures: A concise review, Journal of Information Science, 14: 47-56.","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"400216_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4573(86)90057-9","volume":"22","author":"C. Tomer","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tomer, C. (1986), A statistical assessment of two measures of citation: the impact factor and the immediacy index, Information Processing and Management, 22: 251-258.","journal-title":"Information Processing and Management"},{"key":"400216_CR35","unstructured":"van Leeuwen, Th. N., Moed, H. F., Reedijk, J. (1997), JACS still topping Angewandte Chemie: Beware of erroneous impact factors, Chemical Intelligencer, July, 32-36."},{"key":"400216_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(198605)37:3<136::AID-ASI4>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"37","author":"D. P. Wallace","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wallace, D. P. (1986), The relationship between journal productivity and obsolescence, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 37: 136-145.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science"},{"key":"400216_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02101667","volume":"3","author":"V. I. Yanovsky","year":"1981","unstructured":"Yanovsky, V. I. (1981), Citation analysis significance of scientific journals, Scientometrics, 3: 223-233.","journal-title":"Scientometrics"}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1014848323806.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1014848323806\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1014848323806.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T08:26:54Z","timestamp":1754555214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1014848323806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}},"alternative-id":["400216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1014848323806","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}}}