{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T04:51:33Z","timestamp":1773204693484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]],"date-time":"2001-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,10,1]],"date-time":"2001-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientometrics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1017963706595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,30]],"date-time":"2002-12-30T09:36:44Z","timestamp":1041241004000},"page":"225-233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Karl Heinrich Fr\u00f6mmichen (1736\u20131783) and Adrian Balbi (1782\u20131848) \u2014 The Pioneers of Biblio- and Scientometrics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"\u017bbikowska-Migo\u0144","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"393326_CR1","unstructured":"W. Vois\u00c9, My\u015bl spo\u0142eczna siedemnastego wieku (Seventeenth Century Social Thought), Pa\u0144stwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, 1970, passim."},{"key":"393326_CR2","unstructured":"L. V. Fedorovic, Istoria i teoria statistiki, Odessa, 1894 passim."},{"key":"393326_CR3","unstructured":"K. H. Fr\u00f6mmichen, Einige Bemerkungen, welche sich \u00fcber den deutschen Messkatalogus machen lassen, Deutsches Museum, 1780 St.8, 176\u2013187. For more information on Fr\u00f6mmichen's article see: A. BIKOWSKA-MIGO\u0143, Pocz\u0105tki bibliometrii? O\u015bwieceniowa pr\u00f3ba analizy statystycznej katalog\u00f3w ksigarskich (Beginnings of bibliometrics? Enlightenement attempt at statistical analysis of booksellers' catalogues), Roczniki Biblioteczne, 31 (1987)1:175\u2013188."},{"key":"393326_CR4","unstructured":"Deutsches Museum was published in Leipzig in the years 1776\u20131788, edited by Heinrich Christian Boie and Christian Wilhelm Konrad von Dohm-see, e.g., J. Wilke, Literarische Zeitschriften des 18.Jahrhunderts (1688\u20131789), Bd. 2 Repertorium, Stuttgart 1978, pp.141\u2013145."},{"key":"393326_CR5","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6mmichen, Einige Bemerkungen, welche sich \u00fcber den deutschen Messkatalogus machen lassen, Deutsches Museum, 1780 St.8, op.cit. pp.178\u2013180 (\u201c...so schreiben in Deutschland immer 3 Theologen gegen einen Juristen, und nur 2 Theologen gegen einen Mediziner, 10 Aerzte immer gegen 7 Juristen; 5 Aerzte gegen 4 Philologen und 9 Aerzte gegen 2 Mathematiker\u201d)."},{"key":"393326_CR6","first-page":"130","volume":"1","author":"s. e. C. Von wurzbach","year":"1856","unstructured":"For biographical data see, e.g., C. Von wurzbach, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums \u00d5sterreich, Vol. 1, Vienna 1856, pp.130\u2013131; C. Errera, Balbi Adriano, In: Enciclopedia Italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti, Vol. 5, Milano 1938, p. 68. Balbi had a high reputation in Russia, where he was often quoted in university lectures on statistics (cf. M. PTUCHA, Ocerki po istorii statistiki XVII i XVIII veka, Vol. 1\u20132, Moskva 1955 pass.); this was probably the reason why from among the special encyclopedias on book and library science only the Russian ones have included a biographic entry on Balbi (Knigovedenije. Enciklopediceskij slovar', Moskva 1981, p.30; Kniga. Enciklopedija, Moskva 1999, p. 51).","journal-title":"Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums \u00d5sterreich"},{"key":"393326_CR7","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Essai statistique sur la presse p\u00e9riodique du globe, Revue encyclop\u00e9dique, 1828 Mars, pp. 593\u2013603."},{"key":"393326_CR8","volume-title":"La statistique internationale des imprim\u00e9s","author":"B. Iwinski","year":"1911","unstructured":"B. Iwinski, La statistique internationale des imprim\u00e9s, Institut International de Bibliographie, Bruxelles, 1911 passim."},{"key":"393326_CR9","unstructured":"Ibidem, p. 63."},{"key":"393326_CR10","first-page":"68","volume-title":"La bibliologie. Introduction historique a une science de l'\u00e9crit, T.1, La bibliom\u00e9trie","author":"R. Estivals","year":"1978","unstructured":"R. Estivals, La bibliologie. Introduction historique a une science de l'\u00e9crit, T.1, La bibliom\u00e9trie, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de bibliologie et de sch\u00e9matisation, Paris 1978, p. 68."},{"key":"393326_CR11","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Studia bibliograficzno-bibliologiczne. Praca zbiorowa dla uczczenia 45\u2013lecia pracy naukowej profesora Wies\u0142awa Bie\u0144kowskiego","author":"K. Migo\u0143","year":"1995","unstructured":"K. Migo\u0143, Boles\u0142aw Iwi\u0144ski i mi\u0119dzynarodowa statystyka druk\u00f3w (Boles\u0142aw Iwi\u0144ski and international statistics of printed matter), In: Studia bibliograficzno-bibliologiczne. Praca zbiorowa dla uczczenia 45\u2013lecia pracy naukowej profesora Wies\u0142awa Bie\u0144kowskiego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiello\u0144skiego, Krak\u00f3w 1995, p. 213."},{"key":"#cr-split#-393326_CR12.1","unstructured":"A. Balbi, A Statistical Essay on the Libraries of Vienna and the World, Mc Farland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, NC, s.a. Reviews: N. D. STEVENS, Wilson Library Bulletin, 60 (1986) May, 55-56"},{"key":"#cr-split#-393326_CR12.2","unstructured":"A. E. DAY, Library Review, 36 (1987) Spring, 65-66"},{"key":"#cr-split#-393326_CR12.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. W. KRUMMEL, Collection Management, 10 (1988)1-2:191-193.","DOI":"10.1300\/J105v10n03_16"},{"key":"393326_CR13","unstructured":"Quoted after A. E Day's review, op.cit., p.65."},{"key":"393326_CR14","first-page":"378","volume":"1","author":"A. Balbi","year":"1826","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Atlas ethnographique du globe ou classification des peuples anciens et modernes d'apr\u00e8s leur langue, Vol. 1, Paris 1826, pp.378\u2013382;Tableau bibliographique de l'Empire Russe ou Tableau des ouvrages publi\u00e9 en langue russe dans cet empire, pendant les ann\u00e9es 1822, 1823 et 1824; suivi de quelques observations sur les ouvrages le plus remarquables.","journal-title":"Atlas ethnographique du globe ou classification des peuples anciens et modernes d'apr\u00e8s leur langue"},{"key":"393326_CR15","unstructured":"Giving information on 40 countries of the world Balbi included a table \u201cEcoliers et \u00e9tudians en 1824.\u201d"},{"key":"393326_CR16","unstructured":"A. Balbi, L'Empire Russe compar\u00e9 aux pricipaux \u00c9tats du monde, ou Essai sur la statistique de la Russie, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 sous les rapports g\u00e9ographique, moral et politique, Paris s.a., plano."},{"key":"393326_CR17","first-page":"XXVIII","volume":"1","author":"A. Balbi","year":"1822","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Essai statistique sur le royaume de Portugal et d'Algarve, compar\u00e9 aux autres \u00e9tats de l'Europe et suivi d'un coup d'oeil sur l'\u00e9tat actuel des sciences, des lettres et des beaux arts parmi les Portugals et des 2 h\u00e9mispheres,Vol. 1, Paris, 1822, p. XXVIII.","journal-title":"Essai statistique sur le royaume de Portugal et d'Algarve, compar\u00e9 aux autres \u00e9tats de l'Europe et suivi d'un coup d'oeil sur l'\u00e9tat actuel des sciences, des lettres et des beaux arts parmi les Portugals et des 2 h\u00e9mispheres"},{"key":"393326_CR18","unstructured":"About the role of \u201cla coop\u00e9ration de beaucoup de savans et d'hommes d'\u00e9tat distingu\u00e9s \u201done can read in the introduction to A.Balbi, Essai statistique sur la presse p\u00e9riodique du globe, p. 594."},{"key":"393326_CR19","unstructured":"A. B. ALBI, Essai statistique sur le royaume de Portugal et d'Algarve..., compar\u00e9 aux autres \u00e9tats de l'Europe et suivi d'un coup d'oeil sur l'\u00e9tat actuel des sciences, des lettres et des beaux arts parmi les Portugals et des 2 h\u00e9mispheres, Vol. 1\u20132, Paris 1822."},{"key":"393326_CR20","unstructured":"Ibidem, Vol. 2, pp. 100\u2013101. This division does not fulfil the disjunction condition: it is hard to figure out on what basis were the groups, for example, \u201cnouvelles \u00e9ditions\u201d and \u201creimpressions\u201d distinguished and how they relate to the groups \u201coriginaux\u201d and \u201ctraductions\u201d."},{"key":"393326_CR21","unstructured":"Ibidem, p. 101."},{"key":"393326_CR22","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Essai statistique sur la presse p\u00e9riodique du globe. pp. 594\u2013595."},{"key":"393326_CR23","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Essai statistique sur le royaume de Portugal et d'Algarve..., Vol. 2, p. 102."},{"key":"393326_CR24","unstructured":"Ibidem, pp. 159\u2013162."},{"key":"393326_CR25","unstructured":"Ibidem, p. 158."},{"key":"393326_CR26","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Essai statistique sur les biblioth\u00e8ques des Vienne, pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 de la statistique de la Biblioth\u00e8que Imp\u00e9riale compar\u00e9e aux plus grands \u00e9tablissemens de ce genre ancien et modernes, Vienna 1835, pp. 14\u201316, 29, 35\u201345, 71."},{"key":"393326_CR27","unstructured":"Ibidem, pp. 32\u201333."},{"key":"393326_CR28","unstructured":"Ibidem, p. 74."},{"key":"393326_CR29","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Essai statistique sur le royaume de Portugal et d'Algarve., Vol. 2, p. 151."},{"key":"393326_CR30","unstructured":"Ibidem, Vol.1, p. XXI."},{"key":"393326_CR31","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Atlas ethnographique..., Vol. 1, pp. 378\u2013382."},{"key":"393326_CR32","unstructured":"The journal was published in Paris 1792 under changing titles: Magasin Encyclop\u00e9dique ou journal des sciences, des lettres et des arts (1792\u20131816), Annales Encyclop\u00e9diques (1817\u20131818), Revue Encyclop\u00e9dique, ou analyse raisonn\u00e9e des productions les plus remarquables dans la litt\u00e9rature, les sciences et les arts."},{"key":"393326_CR33","unstructured":"A. Balbi, Essai statistique sur la presse p\u00e9riodique du globe..., p. 595."}],"container-title":["Scientometrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1017963706595.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1017963706595\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1017963706595.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T08:18:38Z","timestamp":1754554718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1017963706595"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}},"alternative-id":["393326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1017963706595","relation":{},"ISSN":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0138-9130","type":"print"},{"value":"1588-2861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,10]]}}}