{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T17:55:51Z","timestamp":1769968551372,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,1]],"date-time":"2000-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":970358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1018964524717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,19]],"date-time":"2003-02-19T22:07:13Z","timestamp":1045692433000},"page":"315-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The logic of events"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Glenn","family":"Shafer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter R.","family":"Gillett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Scherl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"325566_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0743-1066(96)00141-0","volume":"31","author":"C. Baral","year":"1997","unstructured":"C. Baral, M. Gelfond and A. Provetti, Representing actions: Laws, observations and hypotheses, Journal of Logic Programming 31 (1997) 201-243.","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"325566_CR2","unstructured":"B. Baras et al., The Coq Proof Assistant Manual. Version 6.2.4(January 28, 1999)."},{"key":"325566_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00414289","volume":"92","author":"N. Belnap","year":"1992","unstructured":"N. Belnap, Branching space-time, Synthese 92 (1992) 385-434.","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"325566_CR4","volume-title":"Time and Logic: A Computational Approach","author":"L. Bolc","year":"1995","unstructured":"L. Bolc and A. Szalas, Time and Logic: A Computational Approach(UCL Press, London, 1995)."},{"key":"325566_CR5","unstructured":"B. Bru, Postface, in [9] (1986)."},{"key":"325566_CR6","volume-title":"Implementing Mathematics with the NuPRL Proof Development System","author":"R.L. Constable","year":"1986","unstructured":"R.L. Constable et al., Implementing Mathematics with the NuPRL Proof Development System(Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986)."},{"key":"325566_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-5401(88)90005-3","volume":"76","author":"T. Coquand","year":"1988","unstructured":"T. Coquand and G. Huet, The calculus of constructions, Information and Computation 76 (1988) 95-120.","journal-title":"Information and Computation"},{"key":"325566_CR8","volume-title":"Introduction to Lattices and Order","author":"B.A. Davey","year":"1990","unstructured":"B.A. Davey and H.A. Priestley, Introduction to Lattices and Order(Cambridge University Press, New York, 1990)."},{"key":"325566_CR9","volume-title":"Essai philosophique sur les probabilit\u00b4es","author":"P.S. de Laplace","year":"1986","unstructured":"P.S. de Laplace, Essai philosophique sur les probabilit\u00b4es(Christian Bourgois, Paris, 1986) (Laplace's Essaiwas first published in 1814, and the fifth and definitive edition was published in 1825)."},{"key":"325566_CR10","unstructured":"G. Dowek, A. Felty, H. Herbelin, G. Huet, C. Murthy, C. Parent, C. Paulin-Mohring and B. Werner, The Coq Proof Assistant User's Guide, Version 5.8(INRIA-Rocquencourt and CNRS-ENS, Lyon, 1993). http:\/\/pauillac.inria.fr\/coq\/assis-eng.html."},{"key":"325566_CR11","volume-title":"Elements of Intuitionism","author":"M. Dummett","year":"1977","unstructured":"M. Dummett, Elements of Intuitionism(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1977)."},{"key":"325566_CR12","first-page":"995","volume-title":"Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science","author":"E.A. Emerson","year":"1990","unstructured":"E.A. Emerson, Temporal and modal logic, in: Handbook of Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. B, ed. J. Leeuwen (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990) pp. 995-1072."},{"issue":"1","key":"325566_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1145\/4904.4999","volume":"33","author":"E.A. Emerson","year":"1986","unstructured":"E.A. Emerson and J.Y. Halpern, \"Sometimes\" and \"not never\" revisited: On branching versus linear time temporal logic, Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery 33(1) (1986) 151-171.","journal-title":"Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery"},{"key":"325566_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-1066(93)90035-F","volume":"17","author":"M. Gelfond","year":"1993","unstructured":"M. Gelfond and V. Lifschitz, Representing actions and change by logic programs, Journal of Logic Programming 17 (1993) 301-323.","journal-title":"Journal of Logic Programming"},{"key":"325566_CR15","volume-title":"Logics of Time and Computation","author":"R. Goldblatt","year":"1992","unstructured":"R. Goldblatt, Logics of Time and Computation, 2nd edition, revised and expanded (CSLI Publications, Stanford, 1992).","edition":"2nd edition"},{"key":"325566_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03037383","volume":"4","author":"R.A. Kowalski","year":"1986","unstructured":"R.A. Kowalski and M.J. Sergot, A logic-based calculus of events, New Generation Computing 4 (1986) 67-95.","journal-title":"New Generation Computing"},{"key":"325566_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Levesque, R. Reiter, Y. Lesperance, F. Lin and R.B. Scherl, GOLOG: A logic programming language for dynamic domains, Journal of Logic Programming (1997).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0743-1066(96)00121-5"},{"key":"325566_CR18","first-page":"566","volume":"4","author":"F. Lin","year":"1994","unstructured":"F. Lin and R. Reiter, State constraints revisited, Journal of Logic and Computation 4 (1994) 566-678.","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"key":"325566_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(96)00044-6","volume":"92","author":"F. Lin","year":"1997","unstructured":"F. Lin and R. Reiter, How to progress a database, Artificial Intelligence 92 (1997) 131-167.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"325566_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198538356.001.0001","volume-title":"Computation and Reasoning: A Type Theory for Computer Science","author":"Z. Luo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Z. Luo, Computation and Reasoning: A Type Theory for Computer Science(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994)."},{"key":"325566_CR21","unstructured":"Z. Luo and R. Pollack, Lego Proof Development System: User's Manual, LFCS Report ECS-LFCS-92-211, Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh (May 7, 1992). http:\/\/www.dcs.ed.ac.uk\/home\/lego."},{"key":"325566_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-58085-9_78","volume-title":"Types for Proofs and Programs","author":"L. Magnusson","year":"1994","unstructured":"L. Magnusson and B. Nordstr\u00a8om, The ALF proof editor and its proof engine, in: Types for Proofs and Programs, eds. H. Barendregt and T. Nipkow, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 806 (Springer, New York, 1994) pp. 213-237."},{"key":"325566_CR23","volume-title":"Probabilit\u00b4es et critique philosophique selon Cournot","author":"T. Martin","year":"1996","unstructured":"T. Martin, Probabilit\u00b4es et critique philosophique selon Cournot(Vrin, Paris, 1996)."},{"key":"325566_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-237X(09)70189-2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science","author":"P. Martin-L\u00a8of","year":"1982","unstructured":"P. Martin-L\u00a8of, Constructive mathematics and computer programming, in: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, eds. L.J. Cohen, J. Los, H. Pfeiffer and K.-P. Podewski (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1982) pp. 153-175."},{"key":"325566_CR25","volume-title":"Intuitionistic Type Theory","author":"P. Martin-L\u00a8of","year":"1984","unstructured":"P. Martin-L\u00a8of, Intuitionistic Type Theory(Bibliopolis, Naples, 1984)."},{"key":"325566_CR26","first-page":"463","volume-title":"Machine Intelligence","author":"J. McCarthy","year":"1969","unstructured":"J. McCarthy and P. Hayes, Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence, in: Machine Intelligence, Vol. 4, eds. B. Meltzer and D. Michie (Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 1969) pp. 463-502."},{"key":"325566_CR27","volume-title":"Programming in Martin-L\u00a8of's Type Theory","author":"B. Nordstr\u00a8om","year":"1990","unstructured":"B. Nordstr\u00a8om, K. Petersson and J.M. Smith, Programming in Martin-L\u00a8of's Type Theory(Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990)."},{"key":"325566_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0030541","volume-title":"Isabelle: A Generic Theorem Prover","author":"L. Paulson","year":"1994","unstructured":"L. Paulson, Isabelle: A Generic Theorem Prover, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 828 (Springer, New York, 1994). http:\/\/www.cl.cam.ac.uk\/Research\/HVG\/Isabelle\/dist\/."},{"key":"325566_CR29","unstructured":"J.A. Pinto, Temporal reasoning in the situation calculus. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (1994). Available as report KRR-TR-94-1."},{"key":"325566_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/8.6.777","volume":"9","author":"J.A. Pinto","year":"1998","unstructured":"J.A. Pinto, Occurrences and narratives as constraints in the branching structure of the Situation calculus, Journal of Logic and Computation 9 (1998) 777-808.","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"key":"325566_CR31","first-page":"261","volume":"45","author":"F. Pirri","year":"1999","unstructured":"F. Pirri and R. Reiter, Some contributions to the metatheory of the situation calculus, Journal of the ACM 45 (1999) 261-325.","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"key":"325566_CR32","volume-title":"Type Theoretical Grammar","author":"A. Ranta","year":"1994","unstructured":"A. Ranta, Type Theoretical Grammar(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994)."},{"key":"325566_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-450010-5.50026-8","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of Computation: Papers in Honor of John McCarthy","author":"R. Reiter","year":"1991","unstructured":"R. Reiter, The frame problem in the situation calculus: A simple solution (sometimes) and a completeness result for goal regression, in: Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Theory of Computation: Papers in Honor of John McCarthy(Academic Press, San Diego, 1991) pp. 359-380."},{"key":"325566_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90109-O","volume":"64","author":"R. Reiter","year":"1993","unstructured":"R. Reiter, Proving properties of states in the situation calculus, Artificial Intelligence 64 (1993) 337-351.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"325566_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Reiter, Knowledge in Action: Logical Foundations for Describing and Implementing Dynamical Systems, Book draft, 2000.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4074.001.0001"},{"key":"325566_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1145\/321250.321253","volume":"12","author":"J.A. Robinson","year":"1965","unstructured":"J.A. Robinson, A machine-oriented logic based on the resolution principle, Journal of the ACM 12 (1965) 23-41.","journal-title":"Journal of the ACM"},{"key":"325566_CR37","volume-title":"Features and Fluents: The Representation of Knowledge about Dynamical Systems","author":"E. Sandewall","year":"1994","unstructured":"E. Sandewall, Features and Fluents: The Representation of Knowledge about Dynamical Systems, Vol. 1 (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1994)."},{"key":"325566_CR38","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (Time-98)","author":"R. Scherl","year":"1998","unstructured":"R. Scherl and G. Shafer, A logic of action, causality, and the temporal relations of events, in: Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (Time-98), eds. L. Khatib and R. Morris (IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 1998) pp. 89-96."},{"key":"325566_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1403.001.0001","volume-title":"The Art of Causal Conjecture","author":"G. Shafer","year":"1996","unstructured":"G. Shafer, The Art of Causal Conjecture(MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1996)."},{"key":"325566_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1090\/psapm\/055\/1619610","volume-title":"Mathematical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence","author":"G. Shafer","year":"1998","unstructured":"G. Shafer, Mathematical foundations for probability and causality, in: Mathematical Aspects of Artificial Intelligence, ed. F. Hoffman, Symposia in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 55 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1998) pp. 207-270."},{"key":"325566_CR41","first-page":"711","volume-title":"Proceedings of ECAI98 (13th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence)","author":"G. Shafer","year":"1998","unstructured":"G. Shafer, Causal logic, in: Proceedings of ECAI98 (13th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence), ed. H. Prade (Wiley, Chichester, 1998) pp. 711-719."},{"key":"325566_CR42","volume-title":"Solving the Frame Problem: A Mathematical Investigation of the Common Sense Law of Inertia","author":"M. Shanahan","year":"1997","unstructured":"M. Shanahan, Solving the Frame Problem: A Mathematical Investigation of the Common Sense Law of Inertia(MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997)."},{"key":"325566_CR43","volume-title":"Reasoning about Change: Time and Causation from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence","author":"Y. Shoham","year":"1988","unstructured":"Y. Shoham, Reasoning about Change: Time and Causation from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence(MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1988)."},{"key":"325566_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(94)90061-2","volume":"71","author":"L. Stein","year":"1994","unstructured":"L. Stein and L. Morgenstern, Motivated action theory: a formal theory of causal reasoning, Artificial Intelligence 71 (1994) 1-42.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"325566_CR45","volume-title":"Introduction to Lattice Theory","author":"G. Sz\u00b4asz","year":"1963","unstructured":"G. Sz\u00b4asz, Introduction to Lattice Theory, 3rd revised and enlarged edition (Academic Press, New York, 1963).","edition":"3rd revised and"},{"key":"325566_CR46","volume-title":"Constructivism in Mathematics","author":"A. Troelstra","year":"1988","unstructured":"A. Troelstra and D. van Dalen, Constructivism in Mathematics, Vol. 2 (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1988)."},{"key":"325566_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. van Dalen, Intuitionistic logic, in: Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Vol. III, eds. D. Gabbay and F. Guenther (Reidel, 1986) pp. 225-339.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5203-4_4"},{"key":"325566_CR48","unstructured":"D. van Dalen, Logic and Structure(Springer, 1997)."},{"issue":"1","key":"325566_CR49","first-page":"4","volume":"7","author":"L. Vila","year":"1994","unstructured":"L. Vila, A survey on temporal reasoning in artificial intelligence, Artificial Intelligence Communications 7(1) (1994) 4-28.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Communications"},{"key":"325566_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0072(95)00005-2","volume":"76","author":"J. von Plato","year":"1995","unstructured":"J. von Plato, The axioms of constructive geometry, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 76 (1995) 169-200.","journal-title":"Annals of Pure and Applied Logic"},{"key":"325566_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-61780-9_76","volume-title":"Types for Proofs and Programs","author":"J. von Plato","year":"1996","unstructured":"J. von Plato, Organization and development of a constructive axiomatization, in: Types for Proofs and Programs, eds. S. Berardi and M. Coppo, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1158 (Springer, New York, 1996) pp. 288-296."},{"key":"325566_CR52","unstructured":"J. von Plato, Positive partial order, lattices, and Heyting algebras, unpublished (1997)."}],"container-title":["Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1018964524717.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1018964524717\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1018964524717.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T05:33:07Z","timestamp":1747546387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1018964524717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}},"alternative-id":["325566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1018964524717","relation":{},"ISSN":["1012-2443","1573-7470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1012-2443","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7470","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10]]}}}