{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T13:36:54Z","timestamp":1756993014732,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,1]],"date-time":"1999-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":928195200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,6,1]],"date-time":"1999-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":928195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World Wide Web"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1019292504731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,19]],"date-time":"2003-02-19T19:09:50Z","timestamp":1045681790000},"page":"69-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Measuring the capacity of a Web server under realistic loads"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Banga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Druschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"330607_CR1","unstructured":"ACME (1998), \"ACME Laboratories, thttpd,\" http:\/\/www.acme.com\/software\/thttpd\/."},{"key":"330607_CR2","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Measuring the Behavior of a World-Wide Web Server","author":"J. Almeida","year":"1996","unstructured":"Almeida, J., V. Almeida, and D. Yates (1996), \"Measuring the Behavior of a World-Wide Web Server,\" Technical Report TR-96-025, Boston University, Department of Computer Science, Boston, MA."},{"key":"330607_CR3","volume-title":"Measuring Proxy Performance with the Wisconsin Proxy Benchmark","author":"J. Almeida","year":"1998","unstructured":"Almeida, J. and P. Cao (1998), \"Measuring Proxy Performance with the Wisconsin Proxy Benchmark,\" Presented at the 3rd Web Caching Workshop, Manchester, England."},{"key":"330607_CR4","unstructured":"Apache (1998), \"Apache HTTP Server Project,\" http:\/\/www.apache.org\/."},{"key":"330607_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arlitt, M.F. and C.L. Williamson (1996), \"Web Server Workload Characterization: The Search for Invariants,\" In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS '96 Conference, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 126\u2013137.","DOI":"10.1145\/233013.233034"},{"key":"330607_CR6","unstructured":"Bach, M.J. (1986), The Design of the UNIX Operating System, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."},{"key":"330607_CR7","volume-title":"The Design and Implementation of a New Network Subsystem Architecture for Server Systems","author":"G. Banga","year":"1998","unstructured":"Banga, G. (1998), \"The Design and Implementation of a New Network Subsystem Architecture for Server Systems,\" Master's thesis, Rice University, Houston, TX."},{"key":"330607_CR8","unstructured":"Banga, G., F. Douglis, and M. Rabinovich (1997), \"Optimistic Deltas for WWW Latency Reduction,\" In Proceedings of the 1997 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, Anaheim, CA, pp. 289\u2013303."},{"key":"330607_CR9","unstructured":"Banga, G., P. Druschel, and J.C. Mogul (1998), \"Better Operating System Features for Faster Network Servers,\" In Proceedings of the Workshop on Internet Server Performance, Madison, WI, pp. 69\u201379."},{"key":"330607_CR10","unstructured":"Banga, G., P. Druschel, and J.C. Mogul (1999), \"Resource Containers: A New Facility for Resource Management in Server Systems,\" In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, New Orleans, LA, pp. 45\u201358."},{"key":"330607_CR11","unstructured":"Banga, G. and J.C. Mogul (1998), \"Scalable Kernel Performance for Internet Servers Under Realistic Loads,\" In Proceedings of the 1998 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, New Orleans, LA, pp. 1\u201312."},{"key":"330607_CR12","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Application-Level Document Caching in the Interne","author":"A. Bestavros","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bestavros, A., R. Carter, M. Crovella, C. Cunha, A. Heddaya, and S. Mirdad (1995), \"Application-Level Document Caching in the Internet,\" Technical Report TR-95-002, Boston University, Department of Computer Science, Boston, MA."},{"key":"330607_CR13","unstructured":"Braun, H. and K. Claffy (1994), \"Web Traffic Characterization: An Assessment of the Impact of Caching Documents from NCSA's Web Server,\" In Proceedings of the Second International WWW Conference, Chicago, IL, pp. 1007\u20131027."},{"key":"330607_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chankhunthod, A., P.B. Danzig, C. Neerdaels, M.F. Schwartz, and K.J. Worrell (1996), \"A Hierarchical Internet Object Cache,\" In Proceedings of the 1996 USENIX Annual Technical Conference, San Diego, CA, pp. 153\u2013163.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA446612"},{"key":"330607_CR15","unstructured":"Compaq (1998), \"Compaq Computer Corporation, Digital UNIX Tuning Parameters for Web Servers,\" http:\/\/www.digital.com\/info\/internet\/document\/ ias\/tuning.html."},{"key":"330607_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crovella, M. and A. Bestavros (1996), \"Self-Similarity in World Wide Web Traffic: Evidence and Possible Causes,\" In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS '96 Conference, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 160\u2013169.","DOI":"10.1145\/233013.233038"},{"key":"330607_CR17","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"Characteristics of WWW Client-Based Traces","author":"C. Cunha","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cunha, C., A. Bestavros, and M. Crovella (1995), \"Characteristics of WWW Client-Based Traces,\" Technical Report TR-95-010, Boston University, Department of Computer Science, Boston, MA."},{"key":"330607_CR18","volume-title":"Inside Windows NT","author":"H. Custer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Custer, H. (1993), Inside Windows NT, Microsoft Press, Redmond, WA."},{"key":"330607_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Druschel, P. and G. Banga (1996), \"Lazy Receiver Processing (LRP): A Network Subsystem Architecture for Server Systems,\" In Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Seattle, WA, pp. 261\u2013276.","DOI":"10.1145\/238721.238786"},{"key":"330607_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fielding, R., J. Gettys, J.C. Mogul, H. Frystyk, and T. Berners-Lee (1997), \"Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP\/1.1,\" RFC 2068.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc2068"},{"key":"330607_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox, A., S.D. Gribble, Y. Chawathe, E.A. Brewer, and P. Gauthier (1997), \"Cluster-Based Scalable Network Services,\" In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles, San Malo, France, pp. 78\u201391.","DOI":"10.1145\/268998.266662"},{"key":"330607_CR22","unstructured":"Hu, J.C., S. Mungee, and D.C. Schmidt (1998), \"Techniques for Developing and Measuring High-Performance Web Servers Over ATM Networks,\" In Proceedings of the IEEE Infocom Conference, San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"330607_CR23","unstructured":"Hu, J.C., I. Pyrali, and D.C. Schmidt (1997a), \"Measuring the Impact of Event Dispatching and Concurrency Models on Web Server Performance Over High-Speed Networks,\" In Proceedings of the 2nd Global Internet Conference, Phoenix, AZ."},{"key":"330607_CR24","unstructured":"Hu, Y., A. Nanda, and Q. Yang (1997b), \"Measurement, Analysis, and Performance Improvement of the Apache Web Server,\" Technical Report TR 1097-0001, University of Rhode Island, ECE Dept."},{"key":"330607_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaashoek, M.F., D.R. Engler, G.R. Ganger, H. Briceno, R. Hunt, D. Mazieres, T. Pinckney, R. Grimm, J. Janotti, and K. Mackenzie (1997), \"Application Performance and Flexibility on Exokernel Systems,\" In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles, Saint-Malo, France, pp. 52\u201365.","DOI":"10.1145\/268998.266644"},{"key":"330607_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaashoek, M.F., D.R. Engler, G.R. Ganger, and D.A. Wallach (1996), \"Server Operating Systems,\" In Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGOPS European Workshop, Connemara, Ireland, pp. 141\u2013148.","DOI":"10.1145\/504450.504478"},{"key":"330607_CR27","unstructured":"Kwan, T.T., R.E. McGrath, and D.A. Reed (1995), \"User Access Patterns to NCSA's World-Wide Web Server,\" Technical Report UIUCDCS-R-95-1934, Dept. of Computer Science, Univ. IL."},{"key":"330607_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maltzahn, C., K.J. Richardson, and D. Grunwald (1997), \"Performance Issues of Enterprise Level Web Proxies,\" In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS '97 Conference, Seattle, WA, pp. 13\u201323.","DOI":"10.1145\/258612.258668"},{"key":"330607_CR29","unstructured":"McGrath, R.E. (1995), \"Performance of Several HTTP Demons on an HP 735 Workstation,\" http:\/\/www.nc-sa.uiuc.edu\/InformationServers\/ Performance\/V1.4\/report.html."},{"key":"330607_CR30","volume-title":"The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System","author":"M.K. McKusick","year":"1996","unstructured":"McKusick, M.K., K. Bostic, M.J. Karels, and J.S. Quarterman (1996), The Design and Implementation of the 4.4BSD Operating System, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"330607_CR31","unstructured":"Mecklermedia (1996), \"Mecklermedia Corporation, WebServer Compare,\" http:\/\/webcompare.iworld.com\/."},{"key":"330607_CR32","unstructured":"Mindcraft (1998), \"Mindcraft Inc., WebStone,\" http:\/\/www.mindcraft.com\/webstone\/."},{"key":"330607_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogul, J.C. (1993), \"Observing TCP Dynamics in Real Networks,\" In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '92 Conference, pp. 281\u2013292.","DOI":"10.1145\/144179.144305"},{"key":"330607_CR34","volume-title":"Network Behavior of a Busy Web Server and its Clients","author":"J.C. Mogul","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mogul, J.C. (1995a), \"Network Behavior of a Busy Web Server and its Clients,\" Technical Report WRL 95\/5, DEC Western Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA."},{"key":"330607_CR35","unstructured":"Mogul, J.C. (1995b), \"Operating System Support for Busy Internet Servers,\" In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, Orcas Island, WA."},{"key":"330607_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogul, J.C., F. Douglis, A. Feldmann, and B. Krishnamurthy (1997), \"Potential Benefits of Delta Encoding and Data Compression for HTTP,\" In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 Conference, Cannes, France, pp. 181\u2013194.","DOI":"10.1145\/263105.263162"},{"key":"330607_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1145\/263326.263335","volume":"3","author":"J.C. Mogul","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mogul, J.C. and K.K. Ramakrishnan (1997), \"Eliminating Receive Livelock in an Interrupt-Driven Kernel,\" ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 15, 3, 217\u2013252.","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 15"},{"key":"330607_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosberger, D. and T. Jin (1998), \"httperf - A Tool for Measuring Web Server Performance,\" In Proceedings of the Workshop on Internet Server Performance, Madison, WI, pp. 59\u201368.","DOI":"10.1145\/306225.306235"},{"key":"330607_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nielsen, H., J. Gettys, A. Baird-Smith, E. Prud'hommeaux, H.W. Lie, and C. Lilley (1997), \"Network Performance Effects of HTTP\/1.1, CSS1, and PNG,\" In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '97 Conference, Cannes, France, pp. 155\u2013166.","DOI":"10.1145\/263105.263157"},{"key":"330607_CR40","unstructured":"Padmanabhan, V.N. and J.C. Mogul (1994), \"Improving HTTP Latency,\" In Proceedings of the Second International WWW Conference, Chicago, IL, pp. 995\u20131005."},{"key":"330607_CR41","unstructured":"Pai, V.S., P. Druschel, and W. Zwaenepoel (1999), \"IO-Lite: A Unified I\/O Buffering and Caching System,\" In Proceedings of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, New Orleans, LA, pp. 15\u201328."},{"key":"330607_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Postel, J.B. (1981), \"Transmission Control Protocol,\" RFC 793.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc0793"},{"key":"330607_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan, K.K. (1992), \"Scheduling Issues for Interfacing to High Speed Networks,\" In Proceedings of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, Orlando, FL, pp. 622\u2013626.","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.1992.276441"},{"key":"330607_CR44","unstructured":"Schechte, S.E. and J. Sutaria (1996), \"A Study of the Effects of Context Switching and Caching on HTTP Server Performance,\" http:\/\/www.eecs.harvard.edu\/_stuart\/Tarantula\/ FirstPaper.html."},{"key":"330607_CR45","unstructured":"Seltzer, M. and J. Gwertzman (1995), \"The Case for Geographical Pushcaching,\" In Proceedings of the 1995 Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems, Orcas Island, WA, pp. 51\u201355."},{"key":"330607_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1145\/381906.381931","volume":"4","author":"S. Shenker","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shenker, S., L. Zhang, and D. Clark (1990), \"Some Observations on the Dynamics of a Congestion Control Algorithm,\" ACM Computer Communication Review 20, 4, 30\u201339.","journal-title":"ACM Computer Communication Review 20"},{"key":"330607_CR47","unstructured":"Spasojevic, M., M. Bowman, and A. Spector (1994), \"Using a Wide-Area File System Within the World-Wide Web,\" In Proceedings of the Second International WWW Conference, Chicago, IL."},{"key":"330607_CR48","unstructured":"SPEC (1996), \"The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation, SPECWeb96,\" http:\/\/www.specbench.-org\/osg\/web96\/."},{"key":"330607_CR49","volume-title":"TCP\/IP Illustrated Volume 3","author":"W. Stevens","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stevens, W. (1996), TCP\/IP Illustrated Volume 3, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"330607_CR50","unstructured":"Web66 (1996), \"Web66 GStone Testing Laboratory Preliminary Report,\" http:\/\/web66.coled.umn.edu\/gstone\/."},{"key":"330607_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams, S., M. Abrams, C.R. Standridge, G. Abdulla, and E.A. Fox (1996), \"Removal Policies in Network Caches for World-Wide Web Documents,\" In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '96 Conference, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 293\u2013305.","DOI":"10.1145\/248156.248182"},{"key":"330607_CR52","volume-title":"TCP\/IP Illustrated Volume 2","author":"G. Wright","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wright, G. and W. Stevens (1995), TCP\/IP Illustrated Volume 2, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"330607_CR53","series-title":"Technical Report","volume-title":"On the Interaction Between an Operating System and Web Server","author":"D. Yates","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yates, D., V. Almeida, and J. Almeida (1997), \"On the Interaction Between an Operating System and Web Server,\" Technical Report TR-97-012, Boston University, Department of Computer Science, Boston, MA."},{"key":"330607_CR54","unstructured":"Zeus (1998), \"Zeus,\" http:\/\/www.zeus.co.uk\/."}],"container-title":["World Wide Web"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1019292504731.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1019292504731\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1019292504731.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T11:51:25Z","timestamp":1755085885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1019292504731"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}},"alternative-id":["330607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1019292504731","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-145X","1573-1413"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1386-145X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-1413"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,6]]}}}