{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T03:39:14Z","timestamp":1772077154864,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"04","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Open Syst. Inf. Dyn."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we formulate the least action principle for organized system as the minimum of the total sum of the actions of all of the elements. This allows us to see how this most basic law of physics determines the development of the system towards states with less action \u2014 organized states. Also we state that the metric tensor can describe the specific state of the constraints of the system, which is its actual organization. With this the organization is defined in two ways: 1. quantitative: the action I; 2. qualitative: the metric tensor g<jats:sub>mn<\/jats:sub>. These two measures can describe the level of development and the specifics of the organization of a system. We consider closed and open systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1021858318296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,21]],"date-time":"2003-03-21T23:56:02Z","timestamp":1048290962000},"page":"371-380","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Least Action and the Metric of an Organized System"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"09","author":[{"given":"Georgi","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics and Astronomy Department, TUFTS University, Medford, MA, USA 02155, USA"}]},{"given":"Iskren","family":"Georgiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics and Astronomy Department, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria 1000, Bulgaria"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/tcsme-2000-0023"},{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005243320885"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004070050034"},{"key":"rf5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8928(76)90027-7"},{"key":"rf6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7225(98)00131-1"},{"key":"rf7","first-page":"95","volume":"62","author":"Filippov G. 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