{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T15:10:02Z","timestamp":1747581002616,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,1]],"date-time":"2003-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1057017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1023868723792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,6]],"date-time":"2003-06-06T18:24:03Z","timestamp":1054923843000},"page":"65-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Efficient Part-of-Speech Tagging with a Min-Max Modular Neural-Network Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Bao-Liang","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michinori","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Isahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"5123488_CR1","unstructured":"Q. Ma, M. Sun, and H. Isahara, \u201cA multi-neuro tagger applied in Chinese texts,\u201d in Proc. of 1998 Int. Conf. Chinese Info. Processing, Beijing, Nov. 18\u201320, 1998, pp. 200\u2013207."},{"issue":"4","key":"5123488_CR2","first-page":"543","volume":"21","author":"E. Brill","year":"1994","unstructured":"E. Brill, \u201cTransformation-based error-driven learning and natural language processing: A case study in part-of-speech tagging,\u201d Computational Linguistics, vol. 21, no.4, pp. 543\u2013565, 1994.","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"5123488_CR3","unstructured":"T. Charoenporn, V. Sornlertlamvanich, and H. Isahara, \u201cBuilding a large Thai text corpus\u2014part of speech tagged corpus: ORCHID,\u201d in Proc. Natural Language Processing Pacific Rim Symposium 1997, Phuket, Thailand, 1997, pp. 509\u2013512."},{"issue":"2","key":"5123488_CR4","first-page":"155","volume":"20","author":"B. Merialdo","year":"1994","unstructured":"B. Merialdo, \u201cTagging English text with a probabilistic model,\u201d Computational Linguistics, vol. 20, no.2, pp. 155\u2013171, 1994.","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"5123488_CR5","first-page":"359","volume":"19","author":"R. Weischedel","year":"1993","unstructured":"R. Weischedel, M. Meteer, R. Schwartz, L. Ramshaw, and J. Palmucci, \u201cCoping with ambiguity and unknown words through probabilistic models,\u201d Computational Linguistics, vol. 19, no.2, pp. 359\u2013382, 1993.","journal-title":"Computational Linguistics"},{"key":"5123488_CR6","volume-title":"Statistical Language Learning","author":"E. Charniak","year":"1993","unstructured":"E. Charniak, Statistical Language Learning, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 1993."},{"key":"5123488_CR7","volume-title":"Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing","author":"C.D. Manning","year":"1999","unstructured":"C.D. Manning and H. Schutze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 1999."},{"key":"5123488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-2308(89)90018-1","volume":"3","author":"J. Benello","year":"1989","unstructured":"J. Benello, A.W. Mackie, and J.A. Anderson, \u201cSyntactic category disambiguation with neural networks,\u201d Computer Speech and Language, vol. 3, pp. 203\u2013217, 1989.","journal-title":"Computer Speech and Language"},{"key":"5123488_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Nakamura, K. Maruyama, T. Kawabata, and K. Shikano, \u201cNeural network approach to word category prediction for English texts,\u201d in Proc. COLING\u201990, Helsinki University, 1990, pp. 213\u2013218.","DOI":"10.3115\/991146.991184"},{"key":"5123488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Schmid, \u201cPart-of-speech tagging with neural networks,\u201d in Proc. COLING\u201994, Kyoto, Japan, 1994, pp. 172\u2013176.","DOI":"10.3115\/991886.991915"},{"key":"5123488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Q. Ma and H. Isahara, \u201cA multi-neuro tagger using variable lengths of contexts,\u201d in Proc. COLING-ACL\u201998, Montreal, 1998, pp. 802\u2013806.","DOI":"10.3115\/980432.980701"},{"key":"5123488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Q. Ma, K. Uchimoto, M. Murata, and H. Isahara, \u201cHybrid neuro and rule-based part of speech taggers,\u201d in Proc. COLING-2000, Saarbr\u00fccken, 2000, pp. 509\u2013515.","DOI":"10.3115\/990820.990894"},{"key":"5123488_CR13","unstructured":"S. Haykin, Neural Networks, 2nd edn., Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1999."},{"key":"5123488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5236.001.0001","volume-title":"Parallel Distributed Processing: Exploration in the Microstructure of Cognition","author":"D.E. Rumelhart","year":"1986","unstructured":"D.E. Rumelhart, G.E. Hinton, and R.J. Williams, \u201cLearning internal representations by error propagation,\u201d in Parallel Distributed Processing: Exploration in the Microstructure of Cognition, edited by D.E. Rumelhart, J.L. McClelland, and PDP Research Group, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, vol. 1, 1986, pp. 318\u2013362."},{"key":"5123488_CR15","volume-title":"C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning","author":"J. Quinlan","year":"1993","unstructured":"J. Quinlan, C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning, Morgan Kaufmann: San Mateo, CA, 1993."},{"key":"5123488_CR16","first-page":"330","volume-title":"Biological and Artificial Computation: From Neuroscience to Technology, Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences","author":"B.L. Lu","year":"1997","unstructured":"B.L. Lu and M. Ito, \u201cTask decomposition based on class relations: A modular neural network architecture for pattern classification,\u201d in Biological and Artificial Computation: From Neuroscience to Technology, Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences, edited by J. Mira, R. Moreno-Diaz, and J. Cabestany, Springer-Verlag: New York, vol. 1240, 1997, pp. 330\u2013339."},{"issue":"5","key":"5123488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1109\/72.788664","volume":"10","author":"B.L. Lu","year":"1999","unstructured":"B.L. Lu and M. Ito, \u201cTask decomposition and module combination based on class relations: A modular neural network for pattern classification,\u201d IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 10, no.5, pp. 1244\u20131256, 1999.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"5123488_CR18","first-page":"159","volume":"4","author":"B.L. Lu","year":"2000","unstructured":"B.L. Lu and M. Ichikawa, \u201cEmergence of learning: An approach to coping with NP-complete problems in learning,\u201d in Proc. IJCNN\u20192000, Como, Italy, 2000, July 24\u201327, vol. 4, pp. 159\u2013164.","journal-title":"Proc. IJCNN\u20192000, Como, Italy"},{"key":"5123488_CR19","volume-title":"Learning Machines: Foundations of Trainable Pattern Classifying Systems","author":"N.J. Nilsson","year":"1965","unstructured":"N.J. Nilsson, Learning Machines: Foundations of Trainable Pattern Classifying Systems, McGraw-Hill: New York, 1965; reissued as The Mathematical Foundations of Learning Machines, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, CA, 1990."},{"key":"5123488_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.2.181","volume":"6","author":"M.I. Jordan","year":"1994","unstructured":"M.I. Jordan and R.A. Jacobs, \u201cHierarchical mixtures of experts and the EM algorithm,\u201d Neural Computation, vol. 6, pp. 181\u2013214, 1994.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"5123488_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2366.001.0001","volume-title":"Design Rules: The Power of Modularity","author":"C.Y. Baldwin","year":"2000","unstructured":"C.Y. Baldwin and K.B. Clark, Design Rules: The Power of Modularity, vol. 1, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 2000."},{"key":"5123488_CR22","unstructured":"J.H. Friedman, \u201cAnother approach to polychotomous classification,\u201d Technical Report (ftp:\/\/stat.stanford.edu\/pub\/friedman\/poly.ps.Z), Stanford University, 1996."},{"key":"5123488_CR23","unstructured":"G.S. Almasi and A. Gottlieb, Highly Parallel Computing, 2nd edn., The Benjamin\/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc., 1994."},{"key":"5123488_CR24","unstructured":"M.S. Sun, \u201cDesign of Chinese taggers,\u201d Technical Report, Tsinghua University, 1996, in Chinese."},{"key":"5123488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3905.001.0001","volume-title":"An Introduction to Neural Networks","author":"J.A. Anderson","year":"1995","unstructured":"J.A. Anderson, An Introduction to Neural Networks, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 1995."},{"key":"5123488_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1109\/72.286891","volume":"4","author":"R. Anand","year":"1993","unstructured":"R. Anand, K.G. Mehrota, C.K. Mohan, and S. Ranka, \u201cAn improved algorithm for neural network classification of imbalanced training sets,\u201d IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, vol. 4, pp. 962\u2013973, 1993.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"5123488_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Q. Ma, K. Uchimoto, M. Murata, and H. Isahara, \u201cElastic neural networks for part of speech tagging,\u201d in Proc. IJCNN\u201999, Washington DC, 1999, pp. 2991\u20132996.","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.1999.835997"},{"key":"5123488_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4932.001.0001","volume-title":"Neural Network Design and the Complexity of Learning","author":"J.S. Judd","year":"1990","unstructured":"J.S. Judd, Neural Network Design and the Complexity of Learning, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, 1990."},{"key":"5123488_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(05)80010-3","volume":"5","author":"A.L. Blum","year":"1992","unstructured":"A.L. Blum and R.L. Rivest, \u201cTraining a 3-node neural network is NP-complete,\u201d Neural Networks, vol. 5, pp. 117\u2013127, 1992.","journal-title":"Neural Networks"}],"container-title":["Applied Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1023868723792.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1023868723792\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1023868723792.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T14:55:00Z","timestamp":1747580100000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1023868723792"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5123488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1023868723792","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-669X","1573-7497"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0924-669X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7497"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]}}}