{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T04:10:49Z","timestamp":1782360649794,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Statistics and Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1024218716736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,15]],"date-time":"2003-09-15T11:32:14Z","timestamp":1063625534000},"page":"227-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Statistical modelling of artificial neural networks using the multi-layer perceptron"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Murray","family":"Aitkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Foxall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"5124338_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2307\/2981826","volume":"144","author":"M. Aitkin","year":"1981","unstructured":"Aitkin M., Anderson D., and Hinde J. 1981. Statistical modelling of data on teaching styles (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A 144: 419\u2013461.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A"},{"key":"5124338_CR2","volume-title":"Neurocomputing: Foundations of Research","year":"1989","unstructured":"Anderson J. and Rosenfeld E. (Eds.) 1989. Neurocomputing: Foundations of Research. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts."},{"key":"5124338_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198538493.001.0001","volume-title":"Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition","author":"C.M. Bishop","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bishop C.M. 1995. Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition. Oxford University Press, Oxford."},{"key":"5124338_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","volume":"39","author":"A. Dempster","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dempster A., Laird N., and Rubin D. 1977. Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 39: 1\u201338.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B"},{"issue":"14","key":"5124338_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(98)00096-8","volume":"11","author":"R. Dybowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dybowski R. 1998. Classification of incomplete feature vectors by radial basis function networks. Pattern Recognition Letters 11(14): 1257\u20131264.","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"key":"5124338_CR6","unstructured":"Foxall R. 2001. Statistical modelling of artificial neural networks. Ph.D. thesis, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne."},{"key":"5124338_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1991.3.1.79","volume":"3","author":"R.A. Jacobs","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jacobs R.A., Jordan M.I., Nowlan S.J., and Hinton G.E. 1991. Adaptive mixtures of local experts. Neural Computation 3: 79\u201387.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"5124338_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1994.6.2.181","volume":"6","author":"M.I. Jordan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jordan M.I. and Jacobs R.A. 1994. Hierarchical mixtures of experts and the EM algorithm. Neural Computation 6: 181\u2013214.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"issue":"3","key":"5124338_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1992.4.3.415","volume":"4","author":"D.J. MacKay","year":"1992","unstructured":"MacKay D.J. 1992a. Bayesian interpolation. Neural Computation 4(3): 415\u2013447.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"5124338_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1992.4.3.448","volume":"4","author":"D.J. MacKay","year":"1992","unstructured":"MacKay D.J. 1992b. A practical bayesian framework for backprop networks. Neural Computation 4: 448\u2013472.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"5124338_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1088\/0954-898X_6_3_011","volume":"6","author":"D.J. MacKay","year":"1995","unstructured":"MacKay D.J. 1995. Probable networks and plausible predictions-A review of practical bayesian methods for supervised neural networks. Network: Computation in Neural Systems 6: 469\u2013505.","journal-title":"Network: Computation in Neural Systems"},{"key":"5124338_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1162\/089976699300016331","volume":"11","author":"D.J. MacKay","year":"1999","unstructured":"MacKay D.J. 1999. Comparison of approximate methods for handling hyperparameters. Neural Computation 11: 1035\u20131068.","journal-title":"Neural Computation"},{"key":"5124338_CR13","unstructured":"MATLAB Reference Guide 1998. The MathWorks, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts."},{"key":"5124338_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511812651","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks","author":"B.D. Ripley","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ripley B.D. 1996. Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge."},{"key":"5124338_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042519","volume":"65","author":"F. Rosenblatt","year":"1958","unstructured":"Rosenblatt F. 1958. The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. Psychological Review 65: 386\u2013408. Reprinted in Anderson and Rosenfeld (1989).","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"5124338_CR16","unstructured":"Sarle W.S. 1995. Stopped training and other remedies for overfitting. In: Proceedings of the 27th Symposium on the Interface, pp. 352\u2013360."},{"key":"5124338_CR17","unstructured":"Schmidt G., Mattern R., and Schueler F. 1981. Biomechanical investigation to determine physical and traumatological differentiation criteria for the maximum load capacity of head and vertebral column with and without protective helmet under the effects of impact. Tech. Rep., Institut fur Rechtsmedizin, University of Heidelberg, West Germany."},{"issue":"1","key":"5124338_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1985.tb01327.x","volume":"47","author":"B. Silverman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Silverman B. 1985. Some aspects of the spline smoothing approach to non-parametric regression curve fitting. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 47(1): 1\u201352.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B"},{"key":"5124338_CR19","first-page":"128","volume":"6","author":"V. Tresp","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tresp V., Ahmad S., and Neuneier R. 1994. Training neural networks with deficient data. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 6: 128\u2013135.","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"5124338_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Widrow B. and Hoff M. 1960. Adaptive switching circuits. IRE WESCON Convention Record 96-104. Reprinted in Anderson and Rosenfeld (1989).","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0241531"}],"container-title":["Statistics and Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1024218716736.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1024218716736\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1024218716736.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T05:14:25Z","timestamp":1754630065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1024218716736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["5124338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1024218716736","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-3174","1573-1375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-3174","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1375","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}}}