{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:40:42Z","timestamp":1770882042748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]],"date-time":"2001-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]],"date-time":"2001-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arch Sex Behav"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1002752214526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,21]],"date-time":"2002-12-21T00:37:45Z","timestamp":1040431065000},"page":"301-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Depersonalization, Self-Esteem and Body Image in Male-to-Female Transsexuals Compared to Male and Female Controls"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Uwe","family":"Wolfradt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"295250_CR1","volume-title":"Theoriegeleitete Itemkonstruktion und-auswahl: Eine Modifikation des Einsatzes der Repertory-Grid-Technik dargestellt am Beispiel der Erfassung der Geschlechtsidentit \u00e4t","author":"C. Altst\u00f6tter-Gleich","year":"1989","unstructured":"Altst\u00f6tter-Gleich, C. (1989). Theoriegeleitete Itemkonstruktion und-auswahl: Eine Modifikation des Einsatzes der Repertory-Grid-Technik dargestellt am Beispiel der Erfassung der Geschlechtsidentit \u00e4t [Theory oriented item construction and selection: A modification of the use of the Repertory-Grid-Technique as shown at the exemple of the assessment of gender identity], Verlag f\u00fcr empirische P\u00e4dagogik, Landau."},{"key":"295250_CR2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Ed., American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.","edition":"4th Ed."},{"key":"295250_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.34.5.1016","volume":"34","author":"S. L. Bem","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bem, S. L., Martyna, W., and Watson, C. (1976). Sex typing and androgyny: Further explorations of the expressive domain. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 34: 1016-1023.","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"295250_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541770","volume":"22","author":"C. Brems","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brems, C., Adams, R. L., and Skillman, G. D. (1993). Person drawing by transsexual clients, psychiatric clients, and nonclients compared: Indicators of sex-typing and pathology. Arch. Sex. Behav. 22: 253-264.","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"295250_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199605000-00001","volume":"184","author":"G. R. Brown","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brown, G. R., Wise, T. N., Costa, P. T., Herbst, J. H., and Fagan, P. J. (1996). Personality characteristics and sexual functioning of 188 cross-dressing men. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 184: 265-273.","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"295250_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(81)90129-7","volume":"19","author":"N. Buhrich","year":"1981","unstructured":"Buhrich, N. (1981). Psychological adjustment in transvestism and transsexualism. Behav. Res. Ther. 19: 407-411.","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"295250_CR7","first-page":"254","volume":"46","author":"U. Clement","year":"1996","unstructured":"Clement, U., and Loewe, B. (1996). Die Validierung des FKB-20 als Instrument zur Erfassung von K\u00f6rperbildst\u00f6rungen bei psychosomatischen Patienten [The validation of the Body-Image-Questionnaire (BIQ): A German-language instrument for assessing body image disturbances in patients with psychsomatic disorders]. Psychother. Psychosom. Med. Psychol. 46: 254-259.","journal-title":"Psychother. Psychosom. Med. Psychol."},{"key":"295250_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199702)53:2<187::AID-JCLP12>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"53","author":"L. Cohen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cohen, L., Ruiter, C., de, Ringelberg, H., and Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (1997). Psychological functioning of adolescent transsexuals: Personality and psychopathology. J. Clin. Psychol. 53: 187-196.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"295250_CR9","first-page":"187","volume":"5","author":"P. M. Coons","year":"1992","unstructured":"Coons, P. M. (1992). Dissociative disorder not otherwise specified: A clinical investigation of 50 cases with suggestions for typology and treatment. Dissociation 5: 187-195.","journal-title":"Dissociation"},{"key":"295250_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1300\/J056v06n03_04","volume":"6","author":"H. Devor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Devor, H. (1994). Transsexualism, dissociaton, and child abuse: An initial discussion based on nonclinical data. J. Psychol. Hum. Sex. 6: 49-72.","journal-title":"J. Psychol. Hum. Sex."},{"key":"295250_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00036","volume":"9","author":"A. Feingold","year":"1998","unstructured":"Feingold, A., and Mazzella, R. (1998). Gender differences in body image are increasing. Psychol. Sci. 9: 190-195.","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"295250_CR12","first-page":"284","volume":"42","author":"D. Ferring","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ferring, D., and Filipp, S.-H. (1996). Messung des Selbstwertgef\u00fchls: Befunde zu Reliabilit\u00e4t, Validit\u00e4t und Stabilit\u00e4t der Rosenberg-Skala [Measurement of self-esteem: Findings on reliability, validity, and stability of the Rosenberg Scale]. Diagnostica 42: 284-292.","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"295250_CR13","volume-title":"Clustering Algorithms","author":"J. A. Hartigan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hartigan, J. A. (1975). Clustering Algorithms, Wiley & Sons, New York."},{"key":"295250_CR14","unstructured":"Hartmann, U., Becker, H., and Rueffer-Hesse, C. (1997). Self and gender: Narcissistic pathology and personality factors in gender dysphoric patients. Preliminary results of a prospective study. Int. J. Transg. 1: http:\/\/www.symposion.com\/ijt\/ijtc0103.htm."},{"key":"295250_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541930","volume":"19","author":"S. L. Johnson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johnson, S. L., and Hunt, D. D. (1990). The relationship of male transsexual typology to psychological adjustment. Arch. Sex. Behav. 19: 349-360.","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"295250_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01542363","volume":"22","author":"H. I. Lief","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lief, H. I., and Hubschman, L. (1993). Orgasm and postoperative transsexual. Arch. Sex. Behav. 22: 145-155.","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"295250_CR17","volume-title":"An Introduction to Psychological Tests and Scales","author":"K. L. Loewenthal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Loewenthal, K. L. (1996). An Introduction to Psychological Tests and Scales, UCL Press, London."},{"key":"295250_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4805_9","volume":"48","author":"L. M. Lothstein","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lothstein, L. M. (1984). Psychological testing with transsexuals: A 30-year review. J. Pers. Ass. 48: 500-507.","journal-title":"J. Pers. Ass."},{"key":"295250_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-108X(199901)25:1<89::AID-EAT11>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"25","author":"M. R. Ludwig","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ludwig, M. R., and Brownell, K. D. (1999). Lesbians, bisexual women, and body image: An investigation of gender roles and social group affiliation. Int. J. Eat. Dis. 25: 89-97.","journal-title":"Int. J. Eat. Dis."},{"key":"295250_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/00224498409551232","volume":"20","author":"D. J. Lutz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lutz, D. J., Roback, H. B., and Hart, M. (1984). Feminine gender identity and psychological adjustment of male transsexuals and male homosexuals. J. Sex Res. 20: 350-362.","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"295250_CR21","unstructured":"Marone, P., Iacoella, S., Cecchini, M. G., and Ravenna, A. R. (1998). An experimental study of body image and perception in gender identity disorders. Int. J. Trans. 2: http:\/\/www.symposion. com\/ijt\/ijtc0501.htm."},{"key":"295250_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/00223989709603842","volume":"131","author":"K. Midence","year":"1997","unstructured":"Midence, K., and Hargreaves, I. (1997). Psychological adjustment in male-to-female transsexuals: An overview of research evidence. J. Psychol. 131: 602-614.","journal-title":"J. Psychol."},{"key":"295250_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1997.tb01607.x","volume":"27","author":"J. L. Muth","year":"1997","unstructured":"Muth, J. L., and Cash, T. F. (1997). Body image attitudes: What difference does gender make? J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. 27: 1438-1452.","journal-title":"J. Appl. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"295250_CR24","first-page":"75","volume":"253","author":"K. Neumann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Neumann, K., and Berghaus, A. (1996). Raising the medium speaking voice pitch by surgical means in male-female transsexuals. Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 253: 75.","journal-title":"Arch. Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"key":"295250_CR25","volume-title":"Transsexualit\u00e4t: Beitr\u00e4ge zur Psychopathologie, Psychodynamik und zum Verlauf","author":"F. Pf\u00e4fflin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pf\u00e4fflin, F. (1993). Transsexualit\u00e4t: Beitr\u00e4ge zur Psychopathologie, Psychodynamik und zum Verlauf [Transsexuality: Contributions to psychopathology, psychodynamics and to course], Enke, Stuttgart."},{"key":"295250_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1995.77.3f.1260","volume":"77","author":"N. V. Ramanaiah","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ramanaiah, N. V., Detwiler, F. R., and Byravan, A. (1995). Sex-role orientation and satisfaction with life. Psychol. Rep. 77: 1260-1262.","journal-title":"Psychol. Rep."},{"key":"295250_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136","volume-title":"Society and the Adolescent Self-Image","author":"M. Rosenberg","year":"1965","unstructured":"Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image, Princeton University Press, Princeton."},{"key":"295250_CR28","unstructured":"Saks, B. R. (1998). Transgenderism and Dissociative Identity Disorder-A case study. Int J. Trans. 2: http:\/\/www.symposion.com\/ijt\/ijtc0404.htm."},{"key":"295250_CR29","first-page":"48","volume":"1","author":"P. G. Schwartz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schwartz, P. G. (1988). A case of concurrent multiple personality disorder and transsexualism. Dissociation 1: 48-51.","journal-title":"Dissociation"},{"key":"295250_CR30","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Review of Psychiatry, Vol. 10","author":"M. Steinberg","year":"1991","unstructured":"Steinberg, M. (1991). The spectrum of depersonalization: Assessment and treatment. In Tasman, A., and Goldfinger, S. M. (eds.), Review of Psychiatry, Vol. 10, American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC, pp. 223-247."},{"key":"295250_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.92.2.347","volume":"92","author":"M. C. Taylor","year":"1982","unstructured":"Taylor, M. C., and Hall, J. A. (1982). Psychological androgyny: Theories, methods, and conclusions. Psychol. Bull. 92: 347-366.","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"295250_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/01614576.1998.11074218","volume":"23","author":"D. P. Walling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Walling, D. P., Goodwin, J. M., and Cole, C. M. (1998). Dissociation in a transsexual population. J. Sex. Edu. Thera. 23: 121-123.","journal-title":"J. Sex. Edu. Thera."},{"key":"295250_CR33","volume-title":"The Scale of Depersonalization Experiences","author":"U. Wolfradt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wolfradt, U. (1998). The Scale of Depersonalization Experiences, Unpublished Manuscript, University Halle, Germany."},{"key":"295250_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199902)55:2<225::AID-JCLP10>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"55","author":"U. Wolfradt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wolfradt, U., and Engelmann, S. (1999). Depersonalization, fantasies and coping behavior in clinical context. J. Clin. Psychol. 55: 225-232.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Archives of Sexual Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1002752214526.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1002752214526\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1002752214526.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T11:01:00Z","timestamp":1747738860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1002752214526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}},"alternative-id":["295250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1002752214526","relation":{},"ISSN":["0004-0002","1573-2800"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0004-0002","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2800","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6]]}}}