{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T13:46:01Z","timestamp":1761918361268,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,5,1]],"date-time":"2000-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":957139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1005506031717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,21]],"date-time":"2002-12-21T17:31:09Z","timestamp":1040491869000},"page":"1028-1035","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Nature and Behavior of Serum Cytokines in Type 1 Autoimmune Hepatitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Albert J.","family":"Czaja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Sievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nizar N.","family":"Zein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"223557_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02065434","volume":"40","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1995","unstructured":"Czaja AJ: Autoimmune hepatitis: Evolving concepts and treatment strategies. Dig Dis Sci 40:435-456, 1995","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"223557_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91122-K","volume":"103","author":"H Tilg","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tilg H, Wilmer A, Vogel W, Herold M, Nolchen B, Judmaier G, Huber C: Serum levels of cytokines in chronic liver diseases. Gastroenterology 103:264-274, 1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"223557_CR3","first-page":"23","volume":"20","author":"G Maggiore","year":"1995","unstructured":"Maggiore G, De Benedetti F, Massa M, Pignatti P, Martini A: Circulating levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in children with autoimmune hepatitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 20:23-27, 1995","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"223557_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(93)90068-Q","volume":"92","author":"A Al-Wabel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Al-Wabel A, Al-Janadi M, Raziuddin S: Cytokine profile of viral and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 92:902-908, 1993","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"223557_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1994.tb00067.x","volume":"14","author":"HF Lohr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lohr HF, Schaak JF, Gerken G, Fleischer B, Dienes H-P, Meyer zum Buschenfelde K-H: Phenotypical analysis and cytokine release of liver-infiltrating and peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis of different etiology. Liver 14:161-166, 1994","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"223557_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05996.x","volume":"94","author":"JF Schlaak","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schlaak JF, Lohr H, Gallati H, Meyer zum Buschenfelde K-H, Fleischer B: Analysis of the in vitro cytokine production by liver-infiltrating T cells of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 94:168-173, 1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"223557_CR7","first-page":"138","volume-title":"Cytokines and the Liver","author":"C Trautwein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Trautwein C, Manns MP: Autoimmune hepatitis and cytokines. In Cytokines and the Liver. W Gerok, K Decker, T Andus, V Gross (eds). Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, pp 138-144"},{"key":"223557_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80068-9","volume":"16","author":"RS Liblau","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liblau RS, Singer SM, McDevitt HO: Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Immunol Today 16:34-38, 1995","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"223557_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.4.532","volume":"9","author":"DR Lucey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lucey DR, Clerici M, Shearer GM: Type 1 and type 2 cytokine dysregulation in human infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 9:532-562, 1996","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"223557_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(87)80059-4","volume":"5","author":"M Civeira","year":"1987","unstructured":"Civeira M, Prieto J, Morte S, Rinon M, Serrano M: Interleukins in chronic active hepatitis B: relationship with viral markers. J Hepatol 5:37-44, 1987","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"223557_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90559-8","volume":"94","author":"C Anatassakos","year":"1988","unstructured":"Anatassakos C, Alexander GJ, Wolstencroft RA, Avery JA, Portmann BC, Panayi GS, Dumonde DC, Eddleston ALWF, Williams R: Interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 activity in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology 94:999-1055, 1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"223557_CR12","first-page":"6","volume":"24","author":"TV Cacciarelli","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cacciarelli TV, Martinez OM, Gish RG, Villanueva JC, Krams SM: Immunoregulatory cytokines in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Pre-and posttreatment with interferon alpha. Hepatology 24:6-9, 1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"223557_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70235-X","volume":"112","author":"A Bertoletti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bertoletti A, D'Elios MM, Boni C, De Carli M, Zignego AL, Durazzo M, Missale G, Penna A, Fiaccadori F, Del Prete G, Ferrari C: Different cytokine profiles of intrahepatic T cells in chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections. Gastroenterology 112:193-199, 1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"223557_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230436","volume":"23","author":"M Peters","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peters M: Actions of cytokines on the immune response and viral interactions: An overview. Hepatology 23:909-916, 1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"223557_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(92)90110-S","volume":"13","author":"BR Bloom","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bloom BR, Salgame P, Diamond B: Revisiting and revising suppressor T cells. Immunol Today 13:131-136, 1992","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"223557_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90220-8","volume":"15","author":"M Clerici","year":"1994","unstructured":"Clerici M, Shearer GM: The Th1-Th2 hypothesis of HIV infection: New insights. Immunol Today 15:575-581, 1994","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"223557_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(92)90314-J","volume":"153","author":"P Riches","year":"1992","unstructured":"Riches P, Gooding R, Millar BC, Rowbottom AW: Influence of collection and separation of blood samples on plasma IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 concentrations. J Immunol Methods 153:125-131, 1992","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"223557_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(95)00128-W","volume":"186","author":"AR Mire-Sluis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mire-Sluis AR, Gaines-Das R, Thorpe R: Immunoassays for detecting cytokines: What are they really measuring? J Immunol Methods 186:157-160, 1995","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"223557_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840180435","volume":"18","author":"PJ Johnson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johnson PJ, McFarlane IG, Alvarez F, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs A, Chapman RW, Czaja AJ, Desmet V, Edleston ALWF, Gerber MA, Hoofnagle JH, Kakumu S, MacSween RNM, Maddrey WC, Manns MP, Meyer zum Buschenfelde K-H, Mieli-Vergani G, Portmann BC, Reed WD, Schalm SW, Scheuer PJ, Toda G, Tsuji T, Tygstrup N, Vergani D, Zeniya M: Meeting report. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. Hepatology 18:998-1005, 1993","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"223557_CR20","first-page":"1206","volume":"90","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1995","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Manns MP: The validity and importance of subtypes of autoimmune hepatitis: A point of view. Am J Gastroenterol 90:1206-1211, 1995","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"223557_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70476-4","volume":"80","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1996","unstructured":"Czaja AJ: Diagnosis and therapy of autoimmune liver disease. Med Clin North Am 80:973-994, 1996","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"223557_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199957010-00005","volume":"57","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1999","unstructured":"Czaja AJ: Drug therapy in the management of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Drugs 57:49-68, 1999","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"223557_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.16.11.876","volume":"16","author":"WHJ Summerskill","year":"1975","unstructured":"Summerskill WHJ, Korman MG, Ammon HV, Baggenstoss AH: Prednisone for chronic active liver disease: dose titration, standard dose, and combination with azathioprine compared. Gut 16:876-883, 1975","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"223557_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61285-3","volume":"64","author":"EP DiMagno","year":"1989","unstructured":"DiMagno EP, Corle D, O'Brien JF, Masnyk IJ, Go VLW, Aamodt R: Effect of long-term freezer storage, thawing, and refreezing on selected constituents of serum. Mayo Clin Proc 64:1226-1234, 1989","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"223557_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(72)80072-8","volume":"3","author":"AH Baggenstoss","year":"1972","unstructured":"Baggenstoss AH, Soloway RD, Summerskill WHJ, Elveback LR, Schoenfield LJ: Chronic active liver disease. The range of histologic lesions, their response to treatment, and evolution. Hum Pathol 3:183-198, 1972","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"223557_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)91081-R","volume":"105","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1993","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Carpenter HA: Sensitivity, specificity and predictability of biopsy interpretations in chronic hepatitis. Gastroenterology 105:1824-1832, 1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"223557_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.001121","volume":"11","author":"K Moore","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moore K, O'Garra A, Malefyt R, Vieira P, Mosmann T: Interleukin-10. Annu Rev Immunol 11:165-190, 1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"223557_CR28","first-page":"162","volume":"8","author":"ALWF Eddleston","year":"1976","unstructured":"Eddleston ALWF, Williams R: The role of immunological mechanisms in chronic hepatitis. Ann Clin Res 8:162-173, 1976","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res"},{"key":"223557_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528509093770","volume":"20","author":"S Vento","year":"1985","unstructured":"Vento S, Nouri-Aria KT, Eddleston ALWF: Immune mechanisms in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol (suppl 114) 20:91-103, 1985","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol (suppl 114)"},{"key":"223557_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.1.33","volume":"181","author":"JP Leung","year":"1995","unstructured":"Leung JP, Martin MRJ, Szefler SJ, Sher ER, Ying S, Kay AB, Hamid Q: Dysregulation of interleukin 4, interleukin 5, and interferon \u03b3 gene expression in steroid-resistant asthma. J Exp Med 181:33-40, 1995","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"223557_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(05)80035-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Czaja","year":"1993","unstructured":"Czaja AJ, Wang KK, Shiels MT, Katzmann JA: Oral pulse prednisone therapy after relapse of severe autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. A prospective randomized treatment trial evaluating clinical, biochemical, and lymphocyte subset responses. J Hepatol 17:180-186, 1993","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"223557_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.6.3074","volume":"152","author":"V Barnaba","year":"1994","unstructured":"Barnaba V, Franco A, Paroli M, Benvenuto R, De Petrillo G, Burgio VL, Santilio I, Balsano C, Bonavita MS, Cappelli G, Colizzi V, Cutrona G, Ferrarini M: Selective expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with a CD4+ CD56\u2013 surface phenotype and a T helper type 1 profile of cytokine secretion in the liver of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. J Immunol 152:3074-3087, 1994","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"223557_CR33","first-page":"1120","volume":"77","author":"M De Carli","year":"1993","unstructured":"De Carli M, D'Elios MM, Mariotti S, Marcocci C, Pinchera A, Ricci M, Romagnani S, Del Prete G: Cytolytic T cells with Th1-like cytokine profile predominate in retroorbital lymphocytic infiltrates of Graves' ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:1120-1124, 1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"223557_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.141.7.2349","volume":"141","author":"A Nagler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nagler A, Lanier LL, Phillips JH: The effects of IL-4 on human natural killer cells. A potent regulator of IL-2 activation and proliferation. J Immunol 141:2349-2351, 1988","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"223557_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.6.2211","volume":"144","author":"OM Martinez","year":"1990","unstructured":"Martinez OM, Gibbons RS, Garovoy MR, Aronson FR: IL-4 inhibits IL-2 receptor expression and IL-2-dependent proliferation of human T-cells. J Immunol 144:2211-2215, 1990","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"223557_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(91)90028-Y","volume":"3","author":"SL Swain","year":"1991","unstructured":"Swain SL: Lymphokines and the immune response: The central role of interleukin-2. Curr Opin Immunol 3:304-310, 1991","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"223557_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00093-3","volume":"219","author":"M Wadhwa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wadhwa M, Thorpe R: Cytokine immunoassays: Recommendations for standardization, calibration and validation. J Immunol Methods 219:1-5, 1998","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"223557_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.2.539","volume":"139","author":"C Ferrari","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ferrari C, Mondelli MU, Penna A, Fiaccadori F, Chisari FV: Functional characterization of cloned intrahepatic hepatitis B virus nucleoprotein-specific T helper lines. J Immunol 139:539-544, 1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1005506031717.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1005506031717\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1005506031717.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T03:05:18Z","timestamp":1752462318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1005506031717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}},"alternative-id":["223557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1005506031717","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0163-2116"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-2568"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,5]]}}}