{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T14:06:19Z","timestamp":1762351579197},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Inher Metab Disea"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controversies exist on the role of tyrosine in the pathogenesis of phenylketonuria (PKU) and, consequently, on the therapeutic role of tyrosine. This review examines data and theoretical considerations on the role of tyrosine in the pathogenesis and treatment of PKU. It is concluded that treatment with tyrosine alone to replace the phenylalanine\u2010restricted diet cannot be justified. A treatment with large neutral amino acids (LNAA) including tyrosine to restore the balance in the transport of phenylalanine and other LNAA across the blood\u2013brain barrier deserves further investigation. Such studies should prove the safety and the efficacy of such a treatment, finding the optimal dose of all LNAA, disclosing the correct age to start and the way to monitor treatment biochemically.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1005689232358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,21]],"date-time":"2002-12-21T23:07:17Z","timestamp":1040512037000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Phenylketonuria: Tyrosine beyond the phenylalanine\u2010restricted diet"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"F. 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A.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital University Hospital of Groningen  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Genetics Children's Hospital  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80985-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198209000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1990.02150290033020"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80117-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.3.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1996.0134"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/64.6.974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198011203032104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"Tyrosine supplementation during pregnancy in a woman with classical phenylketonuria. 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