{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:48:11Z","timestamp":1792154891569,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Mol Neurobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1006901005925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T08:03:52Z","timestamp":1040544232000},"page":"719-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Chronic Effects of Xanthines on Levels of Central Receptors in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"220543_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/34.11.2345","volume":"34","author":"I. Biaggioni","year":"1988","unstructured":"Biaggioni, I., Paul, S., and Robinson, D. (1988). A simple liquid chromatographic method applied to determine caffeine in plasma and tissues. Clin. Chem.\n34:2345\u20132348.","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"220543_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199509000-00007","volume":"38","author":"E. Bona","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bona, E., \u00c5d\u00e9n, U., Fredholm, B. B., and Hagberg, H.(1995). The effect of long term caffeine treatment on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Pediatr. Res.\n38:312\u2013318.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"220543_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(83)90119-4","volume":"32","author":"J. P. Boulenger","year":"1983","unstructured":"Boulenger, J. P., Patel, J., Post, R. M., Parma, A. M., and Marangos, P. J. (1983). Chronic caffeine consumption increases the number of brain adenosine receptors. Life Sci.\n32:1135\u20131142.","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"220543_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(85)90325-X","volume":"36","author":"O. H. Choi","year":"1988","unstructured":"Choi, O. H., Shamim, M. T., Padgett, W. L., and Daly, J. W.(1988). Caffeine and theophylline analogues: Correlation of behavioral effects with activity as adenosine receptor antagonists and as phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Life Sci.\n36:2347\u20132358.","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"220543_CR5","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Caffeine, Coffee and Health","author":"J. W. Daly","year":"1993","unstructured":"Daly, J. W. (1993). Mechanism of action of caffeine. In Garattini, S. (Ed.), Caffeine, Coffee and Health. Raven Press, New York, pp. 97\u2013150."},{"key":"220543_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00077-5","volume":"51","author":"J. W. Daly","year":"1998","unstructured":"Daly, J. W., and Fredholm, B. B. (1998). Caffeine\u2014an atypical drug of dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend.\n51:199\u2013206.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"220543_CR7","first-page":"201","volume":"7","author":"J. W. Daly","year":"1994","unstructured":"Daly, J. W., Shi, D., Nikodijevi\u0107, O., and Jacobson, K. A. (1994). The role of adenosine receptors in the centrol action of caffeine. Pharmacopsychoecologia\n7:201\u2013213.","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychoecologia"},{"key":"220543_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1982.tb07078.x","volume":"115","author":"B. B. Fredholm","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fredholm, B. B. (1982). Adenosine actions and adenosine receptors after 1 week treatment with caffeine. Acta Physiol. Scand.\n115:283\u2013286.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"220543_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1986.tb00093.x","volume":"58","author":"B. B. Fredholm","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fredholm, B. B., and Lindstrom, K. (1980). The xanthine derivative 1-(5-oxohexyl)-3-methyl-7-propylxanthine (HWA 285) enhances the action of adenosine Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol.\n58:187\u2013192.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"220543_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07481.x","volume":"122","author":"B. B. Fredholm","year":"1984","unstructured":"Fredholm, B. B., Jonzon, B., and Lindgren, E. (1984). Changes in noradrenaline release and in beta receptor number in rat hippocampus following long-term treatment with theophylline or L-phenylisopropyladenosine. Acta Physiol. Scand.\n122:55\u201359.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"220543_CR11","unstructured":"Fredholm, B. B., Arslan, G., Johansson, B., Kull, B., and Svenningsson, P. Adenosine A2A receptors and the actions of caffeine. In Okada, Y. (ed.), The Role of Adenosine in the Nervous System, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 51\u201374."},{"key":"220543_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90029-9","volume":"262","author":"B. E. Garrett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Garrett, B. E., and Holtzman, S. G. (1994). Caffeine cross-tolerance to selective dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agonists but not to their synergistic interaction. Eur. J. Pharmacol.\n262:65\u201375.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"220543_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(93)91672-F","volume":"612","author":"V. Georgiev","year":"1993","unstructured":"Georgiev, V., Johansson, B., and Fredholm, B. B. (1993). Long-term caffeine treatment leads to a decreased susceptibility to NMDA-induced clonic seizures in mice without changes in adenosine A1-receptor number. Brain Res.\n612:271\u2013277.","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"220543_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(82)90052-0","volume":"31","author":"M. R. Goldberg","year":"1987","unstructured":"Goldberg, M. R., Curatelo, P. W., and Robertson, D.(1987). Caffeine down regulates \u03b2-adrenoceptors in rat forebrain. Neurosci. Lett.\n31:47\u201351.","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"220543_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112280","volume":"47","author":"G. M. Green","year":"1986","unstructured":"Green, G. M., and Stiles, G. L.(1986). Chronic caffeine ingestion sensitizes the A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system in rat cerebral cortex. J. Clin. Invest.\n47:222\u2013227.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"220543_CR16","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology","author":"R. R. Griffiths","year":"1996","unstructured":"Griffiths, R. R., and Mumford, G. K.(1996) Caffeine reinforcement, discrimination, tolerance and physical dependence in laboratory animals and humans. In: Schuster, C. R., and Kuhar, M. J. (eds.). Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 315\u2013341."},{"key":"220543_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4825(87)90044-8","volume":"17","author":"J. S. Harmatz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Harmatz, J. S., and Greenblatt, D. J.(1987). A simplex procedure for fitting nonlinear pharmacokinetic models. Comp. Biol. Med.\n17:199\u2013208.","journal-title":"Comp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"220543_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(88)90162-1","volume":"21","author":"M. Hawkins","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hawkins, M., Dugich, M. M., Porter, N. M., Urbanic, M., and Radulovacki, M.(1988). Effects of chronic administration of caffeine on adenosine A1 and A2 receptors in rat brain. Brain Res. Bull.\n21:479\u2013482.","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"220543_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)23061-0","volume":"256","author":"S. G. Holtzman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Holtzman, S. G., Mante, S., and Minneman, K. P.(1991). Role of adenosine receptors in caffeine tolerance. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.\n256:62\u201368.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"220543_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(96)10002-X","volume":"17","author":"K. A. Jacobson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jacobson, K. A., von Lubitz, D. K. J. E., Daly, J. W., and Fredholm, B. B.(1996). Adenosine receptor ligands: Differences with acute versus chronic treatment. Trends Pharmacol. Sci.\n17:108\u2013113.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"220543_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00165391","volume":"347","author":"B. Johansson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johansson, B., Ahlberg, S., van der Plocq, I., Brene, S., Lindefors, N., Persson, H., and Fredholm, B. B. (1993). Effect of long term caffeine treatment on A1 and A2 adenosine receptor binding and on mRNA levels in rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch. Pharmacol.\n347:407\u2013414.","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"220543_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890090203","volume":"9","author":"C. R. Lupica","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lupica, C. R., Berman, R. F., and Jarvis, M. F. (1991). Chronic theophylline treatment increases adenosine A1 but not adenosine A2 receptor binding in rat brain: An autoradiographic study. Synapse\n9:95\u2013102.","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"220543_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(84)90207-8","volume":"34","author":"P. J. Marangos","year":"1984","unstructured":"Marangos, P. J., Boulenger, J. P., and Patel, J. (1984). Effects of chronic caffeine on brain adenosine receptors: Regional and ontogenetic studies. Life Sci.\n34:899\u2013907.","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"220543_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20519-5","volume":"259","author":"O. Nikodijevi\u0107","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nikodijevi\u0107, O., Sarges, R., Daly, J. W., and Jacobson, K. A.(1991). Behavioral effects of A1-and A2-selective agonists and antagonists: Evidence for synergism and antagonism. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.\n259:286\u2013294.","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"220543_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90299-9","volume":"44","author":"O. Nikodijevi\u0107","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nikodijevi\u0107, O., Jacobson, K. A., and Daly, J. W. (1993a). Locomotor activity in mice during chronic treatment with caffeine and withdrawal. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.\n44:199\u2013216.","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"220543_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430300209","volume":"30","author":"O. Nikodijevi\u0107","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nikodijevi\u0107, O., Jacobson, K. A., and Daly, J. W. (1993b). Effects of combinations of methylxanthines and adenosine analogs on locomotor activity in control and chronic caffeine-treated mice. Drug Dev. Res.\n30:104\u2013110.","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"220543_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(95)00155-7","volume":"35","author":"F. E. Parkinson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Parkinson, F. E., Johansson, B., Lindstrom, K., and Fredholm, B. B. (1996). Adenosine A1 and A2A receptors and nitrobenzythioinosine-sensitive transporters in gerbil brain. No changes following long-term treatment with the adenosine transport inhibitor propentofylline. Neuropharmacology\n35:79\u201389.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"220543_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113577","volume":"82","author":"V. Ramkumar","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ramkumar, V., Bumgarner, J. R., Jacobson, K. A., and Stiles, G. L. (1988). Multiple components of the A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase system are regulated in the cerebral cortex by chronic caffeine ingestion. J. Clin. Invest.\n82:242\u2013247.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"220543_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90112-2","volume":"103","author":"K. A. Rudolphi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rudolphi, K. A., Keil, M., Fastbom, J., and Fredholm, B. B. (1989). Ischemic damage in gerbil hippocampus is reduced following upregulation of adenosine (A1) receptor by caffeine treatment. Neurosci. Lett.\n103:275\u2013280.","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"220543_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00569655","volume":"333","author":"J. E. Schultz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schultz, J. E., and Schmidt, B. H. (1986). Rolipram, a stereospecific inhibitor of calmodulin-independent phosphodiesterase, causes \u03b2-adrenoceptor subsensitivity in rat cerebral cortex. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch. Pharmacol.\n333:23\u201330.","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"220543_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(88)90478-X","volume":"43","author":"T. W. Seale","year":"1988","unstructured":"Seale, T. W., Abla, K. A., Shamim, M. T., Carney, J. M., and Daly, J. W. (1988). 3,7-Dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: A potent and selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs. Life Sci.\n43:1671\u20131684.","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"220543_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00733753","volume":"13","author":"D. Shi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shi, D., Nikodijevi\u0107, O., Jacobson, K. A., and Daly, J. W. (1993). Chronic caffeine alters the density of A1-adenosine, \u03b2-adrenergic, serotonin, cholinergic and GABAA receptors and L-type calcium channels in mouse brain. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol.\n13:247\u2013261.","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"220543_CR33","first-page":"261","volume":"328","author":"D. Shi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shi, D., Nikodijevi\u0107, O., Jacobson, K. A., and Daly, J. W. (1994). Effects of chronic caffeine on adenosine, dopamine and acetylcholine systems in mice. Arch. Pharmacodyn. Ther.\n328:261\u2013287.","journal-title":"Arch. Pharmacodyn. Ther."},{"key":"220543_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.5.3260","volume":"78","author":"S. H. Snyder","year":"1981","unstructured":"Snyder, S. H., Katims, J. J., Annau, Z., Bruns, R. F., and Daly, J. W. (1981). Adenosine receptors and behavioral actions of methylxanthines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA\n78:3260\u20133264.","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"220543_CR35","first-page":"673","volume":"8","author":"V. Stefanovich","year":"1974","unstructured":"Stefanovich, V. (1974). Concerning specificity of the influence of pentoxifylline on various cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol.\n8:673\u2013680.","journal-title":"Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"220543_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(87)90264-4","volume":"26","author":"P. Szot","year":"1987","unstructured":"Szot, P., Sanders, R. C., and Murray, T. F. (1987). Theophylline-induced up-regulation of A1-adenosine receptors associated with reduction in sensitivity to convulsants. Neuropharmacology\n26:1173\u20131180.","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"220543_CR37","first-page":"1073","volume":"8","author":"U. Traversa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Traversa, U., Rosati, A. M., Florio, C., and Vertua, R. (1994). Effects of chronic administration of adenosine antagonists on A1 and A2A receptors in mouse brain. In Vivo\n8:1073\u20131078.","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"220543_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90762-5","volume":"253","author":"D. K. J. E. Von Lubitz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Von Lubitz, D. K. J. E., Paul, I. A., Ji, X. D., Carter, M., and Jacobson, K. A. (1994). Chronic adenosine A1 receptor agonist and antagonist: Effect on receptor density and N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced seizures in mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol.\n253: 95\u201399.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"220543_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)91329-5","volume":"294","author":"P. H. Wu","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wu, P. H., and Coffin, V. L. (1984). Up-regulation of brain [3H]diazepam binding sites in chronic caffeine-treated rats. Brain Res.\n294:186\u2013189.","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"220543_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(86)90203-X","volume":"17","author":"P.H. Wu","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wu, P.H., and Phillis, J. W. (1988). Up-regulation of brain [3H]diazepam binding sites in chronic caffeine-treated rats. Gen. Pharmacol.\n17:501\u2013503.","journal-title":"Gen. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1006901005925.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1006901005925\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/index\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1006901005925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1006901005925.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,6]],"date-time":"2025-07-06T17:26:16Z","timestamp":1751822776000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1006901005925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["220543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1006901005925","relation":{},"ISSN":["0272-4340","1573-6830"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0272-4340","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6830","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}}}