{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:31:59Z","timestamp":1792215119364,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1007649804201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T05:54:50Z","timestamp":1040536490000},"page":"819-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":357,"title":["Human factors in the causation of road traffic crashes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Eleni","family":"Petridou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Moustaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"319390_CR1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Epidemiology: Principles and Methods","author":"B MacMahon","year":"1996","unstructured":"MacMahon B, Trichopoulos D. Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. 2nd edn. Boston: Little Brown and Co., 1996; 1\u201318.","edition":"2nd edn."},{"key":"319390_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.6.784","volume":"86","author":"Evans L.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Evans L. The dominant role of driver behavior in trafic safety. Am J Public Health 1996; 86: 784\u2013786.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"319390_CR3","first-page":"260","volume":"72","author":"AS Williams","year":"1974","unstructured":"Williams AS, O'Neill B. On the road driving records of licensed race drivers. Acc Anal Prev 1974; 72: 260\u2013272.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR4","first-page":"29","volume-title":"The Human Factor in Trafic Safety","author":"D. Shinar","year":"1978","unstructured":"Shinar D. Psychology on the Road. The Human Factor in Trafic Safety. USA: John Wiley & Sons, 1978, 29\u201340."},{"key":"319390_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.5.959","volume":"98","author":"ML Rosenberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenberg ML, Martinez R. Graduated Licensure: A win-win proposition for teen drivers and parents. Pediatrics 1996; 98: 959.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"319390_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90036-1","volume":"26","author":"NP. Gregersen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gregersen NP. Systematic cooperation between driving schools and parents in driver education, an experiment. Acc Anal Prev 1994; 26: 453\u2013461.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.839.525","volume":"71","author":"R Morgan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morgan R, King D. The older driver-a review. Postgraduate Med J 1995; 71: 525\u2013528.","journal-title":"Postgraduate Med J"},{"key":"319390_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/03610739408253951","volume":"20","author":"N. Lerner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lerner N. Giving the older driver enough perception-reaction time. Exper Aging Res 1994; 20: 25\u201333.","journal-title":"Exper Aging Res"},{"key":"319390_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/03610739408253950","volume":"20","author":"DW. Kline","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kline DW. Optimizing the visibility of displays for older observers. Exper Aging Res 1994; 20: 11\u201323.","journal-title":"Exper Aging Res"},{"key":"319390_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1994.78.2.611","volume":"78","author":"LD Lambert","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lambert LD, Fleury M. Age, cognitive style, and trafic signs. Percep & Motor Skills 1994; 78: 611\u2013624.","journal-title":"Percep & Motor Skills"},{"key":"319390_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb01369.x","volume":"44","author":"K Johansson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johansson K, Bronge L, Lundberg C, Persson A, Seideman M, Viitanen M. Can a physician recognize an older driver with increased crash risk potential? J Am Geriat Soc 1996; 44: 1198\u20131204.","journal-title":"J Am Geriat Soc"},{"key":"319390_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7013.1162a","volume":"311","author":"DE. Morris","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morris DE. Medical aspects of fitness to drive. Unfit patients are a common and dificult problem. Br Med J 1995; 311: 1162.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"319390_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199308000-00012","volume":"35","author":"BA McLellan","year":"1993","unstructured":"McLellan BA, Vingilis E, Larkin E, Stoduto G, Macartney-Filgate M, Sharkey PW. Psychosocial characteristics and follow-up of drinking and non-drinking drivers in motor vehicle crashes. J Trauma 1993; 35: 245\u2013250.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"319390_CR14","unstructured":"Tsahageas C. Prevention of morbidity from road trafic accidents in Greece and in other European Countries. Professional Thesis. Athens, 1984, pp. 140."},{"key":"319390_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.48.5.490","volume":"48","author":"E Petridou","year":"1994","unstructured":"Petridou E, Kouri N, Trichopoulos D, Revinthi K, Skalkidis Y, Tong J. Socioeconomic and family factors for school injuries. Epidemiol Commun Health 1994; 48: 490\u2013491.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"key":"319390_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139608964497","volume":"39","author":"F Simon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Simon F, Corbett C. Road trafic ofiending, stress, age, and accident history among male and female drivers. Ergonomics 1996; 39: 757\u2013780.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"319390_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91335-8","volume":"344","author":"FJ Alvarez","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alvarez FJ, Del Rio MC. Drugs and driving. Lancet 1994; 344: 282.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"319390_CR18","unstructured":"Anonymous. Drivers with repeat convictions or arrests for driving while impaired-United States. MMWR 1994; 43: 759\u2013761."},{"key":"319390_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb24697.x","volume":"708","author":"BW Lex","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lex BW, Goldberg ME, Mendelson JH, Lawler NS, Bower T. Components of antisocial personality disorder among women convicted for drunken driving. Ann New York Acad Sci 1994; 708: 49\u201358.","journal-title":"Ann New York Acad Sci"},{"key":"319390_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1995.56.356","volume":"56","author":"JJ Buntain-Ricklefs","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buntain-Ricklefs JJ, Rivara FP, Donovan DM, Salzberg PM, Polissar NL. Difierentiating \u201cbad drivers\u201d with and without a DWI. J Studies Alcohol 1995; 56: 356\u2013360.","journal-title":"J Studies Alcohol"},{"key":"319390_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(94)01055-P","volume":"37","author":"MD Del Rio","year":"1995","unstructured":"Del Rio MD, Javier Alvarez J. Illegal drug taking and driving: Patterns of drug taking among Spanish drivers. Drug Alcohol Dependence 1995; 37: 83\u201386.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"319390_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)00043-L","volume":"27","author":"CA Soderstrom","year":"1995","unstructured":"Soderstrom CA, Dischinger PC, Kerns TJ, Trifillis AL. Marijuana and other drug use among automobile and motorcycle drivers treated at a trauma center. Acc Anal Prev 1995; 27: 131\u2013135.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.9.1297","volume":"86","author":"R Hingson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hingson R, Heeren T, Winter M. Lowering state legal blood alcohol limits to 0.08%: The efiect on fatal motor vehicle crashes. Am J Public Health 1996; 86: 1297\u20131299.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"319390_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1996.tb01101.x","volume":"16","author":"BP Kennedy","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kennedy BP, Isaac NE, Graham JD. The role of heavy drinking in the risk of trafic fatalities. Risk Anal 1996; 16: 565\u2013569.","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"319390_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00048-8","volume":"28","author":"HL Ross","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ross HL, Simon S, Cleary J. License plate confiscation for persistent alcohol impaired drivers. Acc Anal Prev 1996; 28: 53\u201361.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(97)00024-9","volume":"29","author":"G. Maycock","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maycock G. Sleepiness and driving: The experience of U.K. car drivers. Acc Anal Prev 1997; 29: 453\u2013462.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408253310806","volume":"331","author":"RD Brewer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brewer RD, Morris PD, Cole T, Watkins S, Patetta MJ, Popkin C. The risk of dying in alcohol related automobile crashes among habitual drunk drivers. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 513\u2013517.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"319390_CR28","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Building Bridges. Between Trafic Safety and Public Health","author":"A. Pack","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pack A. Drowsy driving and trafic safety. In: Building Bridges. Between Trafic Safety and Public Health. Education Development Center Inc, MA. 1997, III(3): 2\u20133."},{"key":"319390_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6979.565","volume":"310","author":"JA Horne","year":"1995","unstructured":"Horne JA, Reyner LA. Sleep related vehicle accidents. Br Med J 1995; 310: 565\u2013567.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"319390_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00042-9","volume":"28","author":"MT. Corfitsen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Corfitsen MT. Enhanced tiredness among young impaired male nighttime drivers. Acc Anal Prev 1996; 28: 155\u2013162.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1996.00008.x","volume":"5","author":"CD Hanning","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hanning CD, Welsh M. Sleepiness, snoring and driving habits. J Sleep Res 1996; 5: 51\u201354.","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"319390_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853","volume":"133","author":"M. Maclure","year":"1991","unstructured":"Maclure M. The case-crossover design: A method for studying transient efiects on the risk of acute events. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 144\u2013153.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"319390_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/001872089403600210","volume":"36","author":"ID. Brown","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brown ID. Driver fatigue. Human Factors 1994; 36: 298\u2013314.","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"key":"319390_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540150011005","volume":"276","author":"L. Lamberg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lamberg L. Wake-up call aimed at drowsy drivers: Message is \u201cdrive alert, arrive alive\u201d. JAMA 1996; 276: 1209\u20131210.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"319390_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00451677","volume":"98","author":"M Vogel Sprott","year":"1989","unstructured":"Vogel Sprott M, Sdao Jarvie K. Learning alcohol tolerance: The contribution of response expectancies. Psychopharmocol 1989; 98: 289\u2013296.","journal-title":"Psychopharmocol"},{"key":"319390_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239100185211","volume":"10","author":"P Howat","year":"1991","unstructured":"Howat P, Sleet D, Smith I. Alcohol and driving; is the 0.05% blood alcohol concentration limit justified? Drug Alcohol Rev 1991; 10: 151\u2013166.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"319390_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1995.56.348","volume":"56","author":"A Guppy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guppy A, Adams-Guppy JR. Behavior and perceptions related to drink-driving among an international sample of company vehicle drivers. J Studies Alcohol 1995; 56: 348\u2013355.","journal-title":"J Studies Alcohol"},{"key":"319390_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.6.791","volume":"86","author":"R Hingson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hingson R, McGoven T, Howland J, Heeren T, Winter M, Zakocs R. Reducing alcohol-impaired driving in Massachusetts: The saving lives program. Am J Public Health 1996; 86: 791\u2013797.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"319390_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1995.56.403","volume":"56","author":"FJ Alvarez","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alvarez FJ, Del Rio MC, Prada R. Drinking and driving in Spain. J Studies Alcohol 1995; 56: 403\u2013407.","journal-title":"J Studies Alcohol"},{"key":"319390_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02204.x","volume":"90","author":"F Finnigan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Finnigan F, Hammersley R, Millar K. The efiects of expectancy and alcohol on cognitive-motor performance. Addiction 1995; 90: 661\u2013672.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"319390_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.68.6.973","volume":"68","author":"TK MacDonald","year":"1995","unstructured":"MacDonald TK, Zanna MP, Fong GT. Decision making in altered states: Efiects of alcohol on attitudes toward drinking and driving. J Personal Social Psychol 1995; 68: 973\u2013985.","journal-title":"J Personal Social Psychol"},{"key":"319390_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)00049-R","volume":"27","author":"D. Shinar","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shinar D. Drinking and driving of pub patrons in Israel. Acc Anal Prev 1995; 27: 65\u201371.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1996.9179674.x","volume":"91","author":"PJ Gruenewald","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gruenewald PJ, Millar AB, Treno AJ, Yang Z, Ponicki WR, Roeper P. The geography of availability and driving after drinking. Addiction 1996; 91: 967\u2013983.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"319390_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30544-0","volume":"10S","author":"JA. Winsten","year":"1994","unstructured":"Winsten JA. Promoting designated drivers: The Harvard Alcohol Project. Am J Prev Med 1994; 10S: 11\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"319390_CR45","first-page":"19","volume":"85","author":"DJ Beirness","year":"1994","unstructured":"Beirness DJ, Simpson HM, Mayhew DR, Wilson RJ. Trends in drinking driver fatalities in Canada. Canad J Public Health 1994; 85: 19\u201322.","journal-title":"Canad J Public Health"},{"key":"319390_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90051-5","volume":"26","author":"TA. Ranney","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ranney TA. Models of driving behavior: A review of their evolution. Acc Anal Prev 1994; 26: 733\u2013750.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR47","first-page":"11","volume":"13","author":"K. Becker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Becker K. The consequenses of drunken driving in South Africa. Med Law 1994; 13: 11\u201317.","journal-title":"Med Law"},{"key":"319390_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.4.6.499","volume":"4","author":"RD Brewer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brewer RD, Sleet D. Alcohol and Injuries. Time for action. Arch Fam Med 1995; 4: 499\u2013501.","journal-title":"Arch Fam Med"},{"key":"319390_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(95)01785-2","volume":"75","author":"S Skurtveit","year":"1995","unstructured":"Skurtveit S, Christophersen AS, Morland J. Female drivers suspected for drunken or drugged driving. Forensic Sci Int 1995; 75: 139\u2013148.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"319390_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.2.268","volume":"96","author":"AB Middleman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Middleman AB, Faulkner AH, Woods ER, Emans SJ, DuRant RH. High-risk behaviors among risk school students in Massachusetts who use anabolic steroids. Pediatrics 1995; 96: 268\u2013272.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"319390_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13935J","volume":"41","author":"BK. Logan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Logan BK. Methamphetamine and driving impairment. J Forensic Sci 1996; 41: 457\u2013464.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"319390_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(93)90034-N","volume":"33","author":"S MacDonald","year":"1993","unstructured":"MacDonald S, Dooley S. A case-control study of driving-while-impaired ofienders. Drug Alcohol Depend 1993; 33: 61\u201371.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"319390_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14310J","volume":"43","author":"P Marquet","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marquet P, Delpha PA, Kerguelen S, et al. Prevalence of drugs of abuse in urine of drivers involved in road accidents in France: A collaborative study. J Forensic Sci 1998; 43: 806\u2013811.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"319390_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408253310807","volume":"331","author":"D Brookofi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brookofi D, Cook CS, Williams C, Mann CS. Testing reckless drivers for cocaine and marijuana. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 518\u2013522.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"319390_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.13.1.73","volume":"13","author":"AW Stacy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stacy AW, Bentler PM, Flay BR. Attitudes and health behavior in diverse populations: Drunk driving. Alcohol use, binge eating, marijuana use, and cigarette use. Health Psychol 1994; 13: 73\u201385.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"319390_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.7.976","volume":"85","author":"LG Escobedo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Escobedo LG, Chorba TL, Waxweiler R. Patterns of alcohol use and the risk of drinking and driving among US high school students. Am J Public Health 1995; 85: 976\u2013978.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"319390_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503303321315","volume":"332","author":"PM. Ranney","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ranney PM. Testing reckless drivers for substance abuse. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 892\u2013893.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"319390_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)02084-1","volume":"85","author":"M Augsburger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Augsburger M, Rivier L. Drugs and alcohol among suspected impaired drivers in Canton de Vaud (Switzerland). Forensic Sci Int 1997; 85: 95\u2013104.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"319390_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90094-9","volume":"26","author":"MD Robertson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Robertson MD, Drummer OH. Responsibility analysis: A methodology to study the efiects of drugs in driving. Acc Anal Prev 1994; 26: 243\u2013247.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91439-3","volume":"1","author":"D Trichopoulos","year":"1983","unstructured":"Trichopoulos D, Katsouyanni K, Zavitsanos X, Tzonou A, Dalla-Vorgia P. Psychological stress and fatal heart attach: The Athens (1981) earthquake natural experiment. Lancet 1983; 1: 441\u2013444.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"319390_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-5-771","volume":"74","author":"GL. Engel","year":"1971","unstructured":"Engel GL. Sudden and rapid death during psychological stress. Folklore or folk wisdom? Ann Intern Med 1971; 74: 771\u2013782.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"319390_CR62","first-page":"100","volume":"1","author":"L. McMurray","year":"1970","unstructured":"McMurray L. Emotional stress and driving performance: The efiects of divorce. Behav Res Highway Safety 1970; 1: 100\u2013114.","journal-title":"Behav Res Highway Safety"},{"key":"319390_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90035-3","volume":"26","author":"H Alm","year":"1994","unstructured":"Alm H, Nilsson L. Changes in driver behaviour as a function of handsfree mobile phones-a simulator study. Acc Anal Prev 1994; 26: 441\u2013451.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1996.tb03739.x","volume":"44","author":"JR Shua-Haim","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shua-Haim JR, Gross JS. The \u201cco-pilot\u201d driver syndrome. J Am Geriat Soc 1996; 44: 815\u2013817.","journal-title":"J Am Geriat Soc"},{"key":"319390_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702133360709","volume":"336","author":"M Maclure","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maclure M, Mittleman MA. Cautions about car telephones and collisions. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 501\u2013502.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"319390_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702133360701","volume":"336","author":"DA Redelmeier","year":"1997","unstructured":"Redelmeier DA, Tibshirani RJ. Association between cellular-telephone calls and motor vehicle collisions. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 453\u2013458.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"319390_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00070-4","volume":"28","author":"JM Violanti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Violanti JM, Marshall JR. Cellular phones and trafic accidents: An epidemiological approach. Acc Anal Prev 1996; 28: 265\u2013270.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1994.55.327","volume":"55","author":"G Agostinelli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Agostinelli G, Miller WR. Drinking and thinking: How does personal drinking afiect judgments of prevalence and risk? J Studies Alcohol 1994; 55: 327\u2013337.","journal-title":"J Studies Alcohol"},{"key":"319390_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/1054-139X(94)00101-J","volume":"17","author":"C Brindis","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brindis C, Wolfe AL, McCarter V, Ball S, Starbuck-Morales S. The association between immigrant status and risk-behavior patterns in Latino adolescents. J Adolescent Health 1995; 17: 99\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Adolescent Health"},{"key":"319390_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1996.0130","volume":"26","author":"E Petridou","year":"1997","unstructured":"Petridou E, Zavitsanos X, Dessypris N, Mandyla M, Doxiadis S, Trichopoulos D. Adolescents in high risk trajectory: Clustering of risky behavior and the origins of socioeconomic health difierentials. Prev Med 1997; 26: 215\u2013219.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"319390_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00005-K","volume":"27","author":"D Parker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Parker D, West R, Stradling S, Manstead AS. Behavioral characteristics and involvement in difierent types of trafic accident. Acc Anal Prev 1995; 27: 571\u2013581.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc1995.4.5.370","volume":"4","author":"NS Redeker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Redeker NS, Smeltzer SC, Kirkpatrick J, Parchment S. Risk factors of adolescent and young adult trauma victims. Am J Critical Care 1995; 4: 370\u2013378.","journal-title":"Am J Critical Care"},{"key":"319390_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90017-5","volume":"26","author":"S. Rajalin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rajalin S. The connection between risky driving and involvement in fatal accidents. Acc Anal Prev 1994; 26: 555\u2013562.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR74","unstructured":"Anonymous. Risky driving behaviors among teenagers-Gwinnett County, Georgia, 1993. MMWR 1994; 43: 405\u2013409."},{"key":"319390_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(96)00071-1","volume":"29","author":"T. Assum","year":"1997","unstructured":"Assum T. Attitudes and road accident risk Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway. Acc Anal Prev 1997; 29: 153\u2013159.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00066-6","volume":"28","author":"NP. Gregersen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gregersen NP. Young drivers' overestimation of their own skill-an experiment on the relation between training strategy and skill. Acc Anal Prev 1996; 28: 243\u2013250.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199505000-00012","volume":"6","author":"VM Moore","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moore VM, Dolinis J, Woodward AJ. Vehicle speed and risk of a severe crash. Epidemiology 1995; 6: 258\u2013262.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"319390_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2525","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925284","volume":"38","author":"JR Adams-Guppy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Adams-Guppy JR, Guppy A. Speeding in relation to perceptions of risk, utility and driving style by British company car drivers. Ergonomics 1995; 38: 2525\u20132535.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"319390_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1997.85.1.3","volume":"85","author":"T Lajunen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lajunen T, Karola J, Summala H. Speed and acceleration as measures of driving style in young male drivers. Percept mot Skills 1997; 85: 3\u201316.","journal-title":"Percept mot Skills"},{"key":"319390_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90056-3","volume":"25","author":"D Hemenway","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hemenway D, Solnick SJ. Fuzzy dice, dream cars, and indecent gestures: Correlates of driver behavior? Acc Anal Prev 1993; 25: 161\u2013170.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925225","volume":"38","author":"PN Blockey","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blockey PN, Hartley LR. Aberrant driving behaviour: Errors and violations. Ergonomics 1995; 38: 1759\u20131771.","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"319390_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.1996.9936855","volume":"44","author":"EW Delk","year":"1996","unstructured":"Delk EW, Meilman PW. Alcohol use among college students in Scotland compared with norms from the United States. J Am College Health 1996; 44: 274\u2013281.","journal-title":"J Am College Health"},{"key":"319390_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90076-0","volume":"26","author":"RC. Peck","year":"1994","unstructured":"Peck RC. Comment on Hemenway's and Solnick's \u201cFuzzy dice, dream cars, and indecent gestures: correlates of driver behavior?\u201d. Acc Anal Prev 1994; 26: 127\u2013129.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(90)90067-U","volume":"22","author":"L. Evans","year":"1990","unstructured":"Evans L. Restraint efiectiveness, occupant ejection from cars, and fatality reductions. Accid Anal Prev 1990; 22: 167\u2013175.","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(91)90046-8","volume":"23","author":"L. Evans","year":"1991","unstructured":"Evans L. Motorized two point safety belt efiectiveness in preventing fatalities. Acc Anal Prev 1991; 23: 165\u2013174.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199504000-00013","volume":"38","author":"DC. Viano","year":"1995","unstructured":"Viano DC. Restraint efiectiveness, availability and use in fatal crashes: Implications to injury control. J Trauma 1995; 38: 538\u2013546.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"319390_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(96)00006-1","volume":"28","author":"L. Evans","year":"1996","unstructured":"Evans L. Safety belt efiectiveness: The influence of crash severity and selective recruitment. Acc Anal Prev 1996; 28: 423\u2013433.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(96)70326-8","volume":"27","author":"R Martinez","year":"1996","unstructured":"Martinez R, Levine DW, Martin R, Altman DG. Efiect of integration of injury control information into a high school physics course. Ann Emerg Med 1996; 27: 216\u2013224.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"319390_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90039-Y","volume":"25","author":"JR Stewart","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stewart JR. Seat belt use and accident involvement: A comparison of driving behavior before and after a seat belt law. Acc Anal Prev 1993; 25: 757\u2013763.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90095-7","volume":"26","author":"W. Janssen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Janssen W. Seat-belt wearing and driving behavior: An instrumented-vehicle study. Acc Anal Prev 1994; 26: 249\u2013261.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90006-I","volume":"25","author":"WW Hunter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hunter WW, Stewart JR, Stutts JC, Rodgman EA. Observed and self-reported seat belt wearing as related to prior trafic accidents and convictions. Acc Anal Prev 1993; 25: 545\u2013554.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.11.1732","volume":"84","author":"RD Foss","year":"1994","unstructured":"Foss RD, Beirness DJ, Sprattler K. Seat belt use among drinking drivers in Minnesota. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1732\u20131737.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"319390_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7018.1501","volume":"311","author":"M. Grifiths","year":"1995","unstructured":"Grifiths M. Pregnant women should wear seat belts. Br Med J 1995; 311: 1501.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"319390_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689408701121","volume":"87","author":"JP Wyatt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wyatt JP, Richardson JM. The use of seat belts on British motorways. J Royal Soc Med 1994; 87: 206\u2013207.","journal-title":"J Royal Soc Med"},{"key":"319390_CR95","volume-title":"Seat belts and child restraints: Increasing use and optimising performance","author":"European Transport Safety Council.","year":"1996","unstructured":"European Transport Safety Council. Seat belts and child restraints: Increasing use and optimising performance. Brussels: Experts Report, 1996."},{"key":"319390_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(96)00011-5","volume":"28","author":"DC Viano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Viano DC, Gargan MF. Headrest position during normal driving: Implication to neck injury risk in rear crashes. Acc Anal Prev 1996; 28: 665\u2013674.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00035-6","volume":"27","author":"S Parkin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Parkin S, MacKay GM, Cooper A. How drivers sit in cars. Acc Anal Prev 1995; 27: 777\u2013783.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.93.6.960","volume":"93","author":"C Johnston","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johnston C, Rivara FP, Soderberg R. Children in car crashes: Analysis of data for injury and use of restraints. Pediatrics 1994; 93: 960\u2013965.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"319390_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2190\/B041-Q1D9-YCXL-0BK0","volume":"25","author":"M Augustyn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Augustyn M, Simons-Morton BG. Adolescent drinking and driving: Etiology and interpretation. J Drug Edu 1995; 25: 41\u201359.","journal-title":"J Drug Edu"},{"key":"319390_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90139-7","volume":"347","author":"FJ Alvarez","year":"1996","unstructured":"Alvarez FJ, Del Rio MC. Alcohol and driving. Lancet 1996; 347: 985\u2013986.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"319390_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90084-1","volume":"26","author":"R Homel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Homel R. Drink-driving law enforcement and the legal blood alcohol limit in New South Wales. Acc Anal Prev 1994; 26: 147\u2013155.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/002581729506300305","volume":"63","author":"P. Marks","year":"1995","unstructured":"Marks P. Drink driving legislation: Medicine and the law. Medico-Legal J 1995; 63: 119\u2013127.","journal-title":"Medico-Legal J"},{"key":"319390_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(95)00055-0","volume":"28","author":"GS Sorock","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sorock GS, Ranney TA, Lehto MR. Motor vehicle crashes in roadway construction workzones: An analysis using narrative text from insurance claims. Acc Anal Prev 1996; 28: 131\u2013138.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(95)00198-0","volume":"27","author":"C Marshall","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marshall C, Boyd KT, Moran CG. Injuries related to car crime: The joy-riding epidemic. Injury 1996; 27: 79\u201380.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"319390_CR105","first-page":"43","volume":"30","author":"DL Peck","year":"1995","unstructured":"Peck DL, Wamer K. Accident or suicide? Single vehicle car accidents and the intent hypothesis. Adolescence 1995; 30: 43\u201372.","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"319390_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(93)90023-P","volume":"25","author":"L. Aberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Aberg L. Drinking and driving: Intentions, attitudes and social norms of Swedish male drivers. Acc Anal Prev 1993; 25: 289\u2013296.","journal-title":"Acc Anal Prev"},{"key":"319390_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1993.54.600","volume":"54","author":"JE. Donovan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Donovan JE. Young adult drinking-driving: Behavioral and psychosocial correlates. J Studies Alcohol 1993; 54: 600\u2013613.","journal-title":"J Studies Alcohol"},{"key":"319390_CR108","first-page":"292","volume":"19","author":"PS Kidd","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kidd PS, Holton C. Driving practices, risk-taking motivations, and alcohol use among adolescents drivers: A pilot study. J Emerg Nursing 1993; 19: 292\u2013296.","journal-title":"J Emerg Nursing"},{"key":"319390_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999409106783","volume":"20","author":"JL Klein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Klein JL, Anthenelli RM, Bacon NM, Smith TL, Schuckit MA. Predictors of drinking and driving in healthy young men: A prospective study. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1994; 20: 223\u2013235.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"319390_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-199510000-00006","volume":"27","author":"S Kuthy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kuthy S, Grap MJ, Penn L, Henderson V. After the party's over: Evaluation of a drinking and driving prevention program. J Neurosci Nursing 1995; 27: 273\u2013277.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nursing"},{"key":"319390_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1993.26-361","volume":"26","author":"PA Nau","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nau PA, Van Houten R, Rolider A, Jonah BA. The failure of feedback on alcohol impairment to reduce impaired driving. J Appl Behav Anal 1993; 26: 361\u2013367.","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Anal"},{"key":"319390_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199007000-00012","volume":"1","author":"JW Gardner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gardner JW, Sanborn JS. Years of potential life lost (YPLL)-what does it measure? Epidemiology 1990; 1: 222\u2013228.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"319390_CR113","unstructured":"European Transport Safety Council. Transport accident costs and the value of safety. Brussels: Experts Report, 1997."}],"container-title":["European Journal of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1007649804201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1007649804201\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1007649804201.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T05:06:25Z","timestamp":1753851985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1007649804201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":113,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["319390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1007649804201","relation":{},"ISSN":["0393-2990","1573-7284"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0393-2990","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7284","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}