{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:46:45Z","timestamp":1791967605789,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Medical Humanities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1009074619421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T18:49:18Z","timestamp":1040582958000},"page":"123-139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Power, Medical Knowledge, and the Rhetorical Invention of \u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Marouf A.","family":"Hasian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"223566_CR1","first-page":"145","volume":"25","author":"S. H. Adams","year":"1905","unstructured":"Adams, S. H. (1905). Typhoid: An unnecessary evil. McClure's 25, 145\u2013156.","journal-title":"McClure's"},{"key":"223566_CR2","volume-title":"AIDS in the mind of Americ.","author":"D. Altman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Altman, D. (1987). AIDS in the mind of Americ. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press\/Doubleday."},{"key":"223566_CR3","unstructured":"The average individual as a carrier of typhoid. (1909). Current Literature, 47, 569."},{"key":"223566_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/XXV.2.177","volume":"25","author":"M. L. Benedict","year":"1970","unstructured":"Benedict, M. L. (1970). Contagion and the constitution: Quarantine agitation from 1859 to 1866. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 25, 177\u2013193.","journal-title":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences"},{"key":"223566_CR5","volume-title":"Natural history of infectious disease","author":"J. A. Boycott","year":"1971","unstructured":"Boycott, J. A. (1971). Natural history of infectious disease. London: Edward Arnold."},{"key":"223566_CR6","first-page":"831","volume":"61","author":"S. Burris","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burris, S. (1998). Law and the social risks of health care: Lessons from HIV testing. Albany Law Review, 61 831\u2013893.","journal-title":"Albany Law Review"},{"key":"223566_CR7","first-page":"250","volume":"34","author":"California's war on typhoid carriers","year":"1917","unstructured":"California's war on typhoid carriers. (1917). The World's Work, 34, 250\u201351.","journal-title":"The World's Work"},{"key":"223566_CR8","unstructured":"Carrier State. (1999). The medical and public health law site. Available at http:\/\/plague.law.umkc.edu\/ default.htm."},{"key":"223566_CR9","first-page":"441","volume":"68","author":"E. A. Fallone","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fallone, E. A. (1988). Preserving the public health: A proposal to quarantine recalcitrant AIDS carriers. Boston University Law Review, 68, 441\u2013505.","journal-title":"Boston University Law Review"},{"key":"223566_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2326-1951.1996.tb03271.x","volume":"36","author":"A. K. Finkbeiner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Finkbeiner, A. K. (1996). Quite contrary. The Sciences, 36, 38\u201343.","journal-title":"The Sciences"},{"key":"223566_CR11","volume-title":"The order of things","author":"M. Foucault","year":"1973","unstructured":"Foucault, M. (1973). The order of things. New York: Vintage Books."},{"key":"223566_CR12","unstructured":"Garrett, L. (1996, July 27). Prisoner of New York City. New Scientist, 52."},{"key":"223566_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/00219266.1998.9655608","volume":"32","author":"L. N. Gibbins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gibbins, L. N. (1998). Mary Mallon: Disease, denial, and detention. Journal of Biological Education, 32, 127\u2013132.","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Education"},{"key":"223566_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501745805","volume-title":"Disease and representation: Images of illness from madness to AIDS","author":"S. L. Gilman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gilman, S. L. (1988). Disease and representation: Images of illness from madness to AIDS. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press."},{"key":"223566_CR15","first-page":"217","volume":"55","author":"J. A. Gleason","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gleason, J. A. (1986). Quarantine: An unreasonable solution to the AIDS dilemma. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 55, 217\u2013235.","journal-title":"University of Cincinnati Law Review"},{"key":"223566_CR16","first-page":"119","volume":"45","author":"J. S. Gordon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gordon, J. S. (1994). The passion of Typhoid Mary. American Heritage, 45, 119\u2013121.","journal-title":"American Heritage"},{"key":"223566_CR17","volume-title":"The story of Typhoid Mary","author":"M. Graf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Graf, M. (1998). The story of Typhoid Mary. New York: Vantage Press."},{"key":"223566_CR18","volume-title":"The rhetoric of eugenics in Anglo-American thought","author":"M. Hasian Jr.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hasian, M., Jr. (1996). The rhetoric of eugenics in Anglo-American thought. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press."},{"key":"223566_CR19","unstructured":"Health disease spreaders. (1909, July 1). The New York Times, p. 8."},{"key":"223566_CR20","unstructured":"Hospital epidemic from Typhoid Mary. (1915, March 28). The New York Times, pp. II\u201311."},{"key":"223566_CR21","first-page":"344","volume":"43","author":"J. B. Huber","year":"1911","unstructured":"Huber, J. B. (1911). Fighting American typhoid. American Review of Reviews, 43, 344\u2013349.","journal-title":"American Review of Reviews"},{"key":"223566_CR22","first-page":"101","volume":"15","author":"K. A. Johns","year":"1998","unstructured":"Johns, K. A., & Varkoutas, C. (1998). The tuberculosis crisis: The deadly consequence of immigration policies and welfare. Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy, 15, 101\u2013130.","journal-title":"Journal of Contemporary Health Law & Policy"},{"key":"223566_CR23","unstructured":"Johnson, K. R. (1998). Race, the immigration laws, and domestic race relations: A \u201cmagic mirror\u201d into the heart of darkness. Indiana Law Journal, 1111\u20131159."},{"key":"223566_CR24","first-page":"124","volume":"91","author":"M. F. King","year":"1960","unstructured":"King, M. F. (1960). Typhoid Mary's secret. American Mercury, 91, 124\u201328.","journal-title":"American Mercury"},{"key":"223566_CR25","volume-title":"Silent travelers: Germs, genes, and the \u201cimmigrant menace.\u201d","author":"A. M. Kraut","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kraut, A. M. (1994). Silent travelers: Germs, genes, and the \u201cimmigrant menace.\u201d New York: Basic Books."},{"key":"223566_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1086\/356292","volume":"83","author":"J. W. Leavitt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Leavitt, J. W. (1992). \u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d strikes back. Bacteriological theory and practice in early twentieth-century public health. Isis, 83, 608\u2013629.","journal-title":"Isis"},{"key":"223566_CR27","volume-title":"Typhoid Mary: Captive to the public's health","author":"J. W. Leavitt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leavitt, J. W. (1996). Typhoid Mary: Captive to the public's health. Boston: Beacon Press."},{"key":"223566_CR28","first-page":"11","volume":"53","author":"J. London","year":"1914","unstructured":"London, J. (1914, June 6). Stalking the pestilence. Colliers, 53, 11\u201312, 28\u201329.","journal-title":"Colliers"},{"key":"223566_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1126\/science.25.648.862","volume":"25","author":"M. C. Marsh","year":"1907","unstructured":"Marsh, M. C. (1907, May 31). The biological society of Washington. Science, 25, 862\u2013865.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"223566_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4469.1988.tb01126.x","volume":"13","author":"C. McClain","year":"1988","unstructured":"McClain, C. (1988). Of medicine, race, and American law: The bubonic plague outbreak of 1900. Law mand Social Inquiry, 13, 447\u2013513.","journal-title":"Law mand Social Inquiry"},{"key":"223566_CR31","first-page":"44","volume":"40","author":"M. C. McLaughlin","year":"1979","unstructured":"McLaughlin, M. C. (1979). Mary Mallon: Alias Typhoid Mary. The Recorder, 40, 44\u201357.","journal-title":"The Recorder"},{"key":"223566_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1086\/357156","volume":"86","author":"J. A. Mendelson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mendelson, J. A. (1995).\u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d strikes again. The social and the scientific in the making of modern public health. Isis, 86, 268\u2013277.","journal-title":"Isis"},{"key":"223566_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198604033141428","volume":"314","author":"M. Mills","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mills, M., Wofsy, C. B., & Mills, J. (1986). The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Infection control and public health law. The New England Journal of Medicine, 314, 931\u2013936.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"223566_CR34","unstructured":"New Thought Student. (1909, July 2). Proposes a medical monarchy. The New York Times, p. 6."},{"key":"223566_CR35","unstructured":"Now you know. (1981, June 4). Domestic News, United Press International. Available at http:\/\/web. lexis-nexis.com\/universe\/docum... 5a3& md5D1c87bbd4f0f64975e17c9cefe4d"},{"key":"223566_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM191307101690201","volume":"m169","author":"C. L. Overlander","year":"1913","unstructured":"Overlander, C. L. (1913, July 10). The typhoid carrier problem. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, m169, 37\u201340.","journal-title":"Boston Medical and Surgical Journal"},{"key":"223566_CR37","unstructured":"Park, W. (1909, June 20). Typhoid Mary: The extraordinary predicament of Mary Mallon. The New mYork American, p. V6."},{"key":"223566_CR38","first-page":"53","volume":"m14","author":"W. E. Parmet","year":"1985","unstructured":"Parmet, W. E. (1985). AIDS and quarantine: The revival of an archaic doctrine. Hofstra Law Review, m14, 53\u201390.","journal-title":"Hofstra Law Review"},{"key":"223566_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1017\/S0098858800010595","volume":"23","author":"W. E. Parmet","year":"1997","unstructured":"Parmet, W. E., & Jackson, D. J. (1997). No longer disabled: The legal impact of the new social construction of HIV. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 23, 7\u201343.","journal-title":"American Journal of Law & Medicine"},{"key":"223566_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/383781b0","volume":"383","author":"R. Porter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Porter, R. (1996, October 31). Book Review: Typhoid Mary. Nature, 383, 781\u2013782.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"223566_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1907.25220500025002d","volume":"48","author":"G. A. Soper","year":"1907","unstructured":"Soper, G. A. (1907). The work of a chronic typhoid germ distributor. Journal of the American Medical mAssociation, 48, 2019\u20132022.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical mAssociation"},{"key":"223566_CR42","unstructured":"Soper, G. A. (1909, June 20). The extraordinary trail of death and disease left by Mary Mallon. The mNew York American, p. V6."},{"key":"223566_CR43","first-page":"1","volume":"45","author":"G. A. Soper","year":"1919","unstructured":"Soper, G. A. (1919). Typhoid Mary. Military Surgeon, 45, 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Military Surgeon"},{"key":"223566_CR44","first-page":"698","volume":"m15","author":"G.A. Soper","year":"1939","unstructured":"Soper, G.A. (1939). The curious career ofTyphoid Mary. Bulletin of the NewYork Academy of Medicine, m15, 698\u2013712.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the NewYork Academy of Medicine"},{"key":"223566_CR45","first-page":"37","volume":"21","author":"M. Sufrin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Sufrin, M. (1970). The case of the disappearing cook. American Heritage, 21, 37\u201343.","journal-title":"American Heritage"},{"issue":"1","key":"223566_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2307\/25157817","volume":"57","author":"J. B. Trauner","year":"1978","unstructured":"Trauner, J. B. (1978, Spring). The Chinese as medical scapegoats in San Francisco, 1870\u20131905. California History, 57(1), 70\u201387.","journal-title":"California History"},{"key":"223566_CR47","unstructured":"Typhoid fever. (1915, May 8). Scientific American, 428."},{"key":"223566_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Typhoid Mary. (1915, April 7). The Outlook, 803\u2013804.","DOI":"10.1021\/ie50081a030"},{"key":"223566_CR49","unstructured":"\u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d asks $50,000 from city. (1911, December 3). The New York Times, p. 9."},{"key":"223566_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d at large.\" (1910, March 3). The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 162, 294.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM191003031620912"},{"key":"223566_CR51","unstructured":"\u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d dies. (1938, November 12). The New York Times, p. 17."},{"key":"223566_CR52","unstructured":"\u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d freed. (1910, February 21). The New York Times, p.18."},{"key":"223566_CR53","unstructured":"\u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d has reappeared. (1915, April 4). The New York Times, p. V3\u2013V4."},{"key":"223566_CR54","unstructured":"\u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d must stay. (1909, July 17). The New York Times, p. 3."},{"key":"223566_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d never ill, begs freedom. (1909, June 30). The New York American, p. I3.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.30.760.117.b"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"223566_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2307\/466739","volume":"52\/53","author":"P. Wald","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wald, P. (1997, Fall\/Winter). Culture and carriers: \u201cTyphoid Mary\u201d and the science of social control. Social Text, 52\/53(3\/4), 181\u2013214.","journal-title":"Social Text"},{"key":"223566_CR57","first-page":"21","volume":"10","author":"S. Walker","year":"1935","unstructured":"Walker, S. (1935). Profiles: Typhoid carrier No. 36. The New Yorker, 10, 21\u201325.","journal-title":"The New Yorker"},{"key":"223566_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2307\/2711179","volume":"18","author":"B. Welter","year":"1966","unstructured":"Welter, B. (1966). The cult of true womanhood: 1820\u20131860. American Quarterly, 18, 151\u2013174.","journal-title":"American Quarterly"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Humanities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1009074619421.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1009074619421\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1009074619421.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T13:25:14Z","timestamp":1751376314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1009074619421"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}},"alternative-id":["223566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1009074619421","relation":{},"ISSN":["1041-3545","1573-3645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1041-3545","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]}}}