{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T09:03:09Z","timestamp":1775638989336,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]],"date-time":"1997-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":857174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]],"date-time":"1997-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":857174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Urban Ecosystems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1014380105620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,6]],"date-time":"2003-02-06T18:01:37Z","timestamp":1044554497000},"page":"63-75","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Urban ecosystems: the human dimension"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Rees","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"173984_CR1","unstructured":"Catton, W. (1986) Carrying capacity and the limits to freedom. Paper prepared for Social Ecology Session 1, XI World Congress of Sociology. New Delhi, India, 18 August 1986."},{"key":"173984_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1992.610037.x","volume":"1","author":"R. Costanza","year":"1992","unstructured":"Costanza, R., and Daly, H. (1992) Natural capital and sustainable development. Conserv.Biol. 1, 37\u201345.","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"173984_CR3","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Steady-State Economics","author":"H. Daly","year":"1991","unstructured":"Daly, H. (1991) Sustainable development: From concept and theory toward operational principles. In Steady-State Economics (H. Daly, ed), 2nd edition, pp. 241\u201360. Island Press, Washington, DC.","edition":"2nd edition"},{"key":"173984_CR4","unstructured":"Folke, C., Larsson, J., and Sweitzer, J. (1994) Renewable resource appropriation by cities. Paper presented at \u201cDown to Earth: Practical Applications of Ecological Economics,\u201d the Third International Meeting of the International Society for Ecological Economics, San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica, 24\u201328 October 1994."},{"key":"173984_CR5","unstructured":"IIED (1995) Citizen Action to Lighten Britain's Ecological Footprint. A report prepared for the UK Department of the Environment, International Institute for Environment and Development, London."},{"key":"173984_CR6","volume-title":"Cities and sustainable development","author":"D. Mitlin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mitlin, D., and Satterthwaite, D. (1994) Cities and sustainable development. Background Paper prepared for \u201cGlobal forum \u201894,\u201d Manchester, 24\u201328 June 1994. International Institute for Environment and Development, London."},{"key":"173984_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/374255a0","volume":"374","author":"D. Pauly","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pauly, D., and Christensen, V. (1995) Primary production required to sustain global fisheries. Nature\n374, 255\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"173984_CR8","first-page":"18","volume":"20","author":"W. E. Rees","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rees, W. E. (1990) Sustainable Development and the Biosphere. Teilhard Studies Number 23. American Teilhard Association for the Study of Man; or The ecology of sustainable development. The Ecologist\n20, 18\u201323.","journal-title":"The Ecologist"},{"key":"173984_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/095624789200400212","volume":"4","author":"W. E. Rees","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rees, W. E. (1992) Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: What urban economics leaves out. Environ.Urban. 4, 121\u201330.","journal-title":"Environ. Urban."},{"key":"173984_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/088541229500900402","volume":"9","author":"W. E. Rees","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rees, W. E. (1995a) Achieving sustainability: Reform or transformation? J.Plann.Lit. 9, 343\u201361.","journal-title":"J. Plann. Lit."},{"key":"173984_CR11","first-page":"24","volume":"21","author":"W. E. Rees","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rees, W. E. (1995b) More jobs, less damage: A framework for sustainability, growth, and employment. Alternatives\n21, 24\u201330.","journal-title":"Alternatives"},{"key":"173984_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02208489","volume":"17","author":"W. E. Rees","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rees, W. E. (1996) Revisiting carrying capacity: Area-based indicators of sustainability. Popul.Environ. 17, 195\u2013215.","journal-title":"Popul. Environ."},{"key":"173984_CR13","first-page":"362","volume-title":"Investing in Natural Capital: The Ecological Economics Approach to Sustainability","author":"W. E. Rees","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rees, W. E. and Wackernagel, M. (1994) Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: measuring the natural capital requirements of the human economy. In Investing in Natural Capital: The Ecological Economics Approach to Sustainability (A-M. Jansson, M. Hammer, C. Folke, and R. Costanza, eds.) pp. 362\u201390. Island Press, Washington."},{"key":"173984_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rees, W. E. and Wackernagel, M. (1996) Urban ecological footprints: Why cities cannot be sustainable (and why they are a key to sustainability). EIA Rev. (forthcoming).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-9255(96)00022-4"},{"key":"173984_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0921-8009(93)90003-O","volume":"7","author":"W. Sterrer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sterrer, W. (1993) Human economics: a non-human perspective. Ecol.Econ. 7, 183\u2013202.","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"173984_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.2307\/1941591","volume":"75","author":"P. Vitousek","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vitousek, P. (1994) Beyond global warming: Ecology and global change. Ecology\n75, 1861\u201376.","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"173984_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.2307\/1310258","volume":"36","author":"P. Vitousek","year":"1986","unstructured":"Vitousek, P., Ehrlich, P., Ehrlich, A., and Matson, P. (1986) Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis. BioScience\n36, 368\u201374.","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"173984_CR18","volume-title":"Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth","author":"M. Wackernagel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wackernagel, M., and Rees, W. E. (1995) Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on the Earth. New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island, British Columbia and Philadelphia, PA."},{"key":"173984_CR19","volume-title":"Biodiversity","author":"E. O. Wilson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wilson, E. O. (1988) The current state of biological diversity. In Biodiversity (E. O. Wilson, ed.), National Academy Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"173984_CR20","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Earth Politics","author":"E. U. von Weizs\u00e4cker","year":"1994","unstructured":"von Weizs\u00e4cker, E. U. (1994) Ecological tax reform. In Earth Politics, (E. U. von Weizs\u00e4cker, ed.), pp. 129\u2013140. Zed Books, London."},{"key":"173984_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1596\/0-1952-0876-5","volume-title":"World Resources 1992\u201393: A Guide to the Global Environment","author":"World Resources Institute","year":"1992","unstructured":"World Resources Institute (1992) World Resources 1992\u201393: A Guide to the Global Environment. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford."}],"container-title":["Urban Ecosystems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1014380105620.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1014380105620\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1014380105620.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T04:50:16Z","timestamp":1754887816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1014380105620"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]}},"alternative-id":["173984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1014380105620","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-8155","1573-1642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-8155","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-1642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]}}}